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	<title>Comments on: An Advance in Criminal Law Theory</title>
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		<title>By: Tweets that mention The Volokh Conspiracy » Blog Archive » An Advance in Criminal Law Theory -- Topsy.com</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682780</link>
		<dc:creator>Tweets that mention The Volokh Conspiracy » Blog Archive » An Advance in Criminal Law Theory -- Topsy.com</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2009 17:06:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682780</guid>
		<description>[...] This post was mentioned on Twitter by Shannon and DriveTimeHappyHour, Big Brother 11 Club. Big Brother 11 Club said: The Volokh Conspiracy » Blog Archive » An Advance in Criminal Law ... http://bit.ly/1jG6KJ [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] This post was mentioned on Twitter by Shannon and DriveTimeHappyHour, Big Brother 11 Club. Big Brother 11 Club said: The Volokh Conspiracy » Blog Archive » An Advance in Criminal Law &#8230; <a href="http://bit.ly/1jG6KJ" rel="nofollow">http://bit.ly/1jG6KJ</a> [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Daniel Chapman</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682639</link>
		<dc:creator>Daniel Chapman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2009 12:25:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682639</guid>
		<description>Around and around we go.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Around and around we go.</p>
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		<title>By: Ricardo</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682571</link>
		<dc:creator>Ricardo</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2009 05:35:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682571</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote cite=&quot;comment-682560&quot;&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#comment-682560&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Daniel Chapman&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: “Public nudity is not illegal in Boulder: that is explicitly stated in the article” — We’ve been over this. Yes it is. It’s illegal in the entire state.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

No, you are wrong.  Indecent exposure is illegal in the entire state.  Public nudity is not illegal in the entire state.  Indecent exposure and public nudity are two different things.  Indecent exposure requires an element of &quot;likely to cause affront or alarm&quot; and does not require the exposure to be public.  Colorado also has a law against public indecency but that is only a petty offense (treated like a traffic violation, I believe) and the law requires &quot;intent to arouse or to satisfy the sexual desire of any person.&quot; Tellingly, this law isn&#039;t mentioned by the police chief in the article, perhaps because it doesn&#039;t allow him to threaten people with arrest, jail and a permanent record as a sex offender.

&lt;blockquote&gt;“Or they could lobby Boulder’s democratically elected officials to pass a law against public nudity.” — They are. Right now apparently.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&quot;At a recent forum for city council candidates, all 10 participants said they disapproved of the threatened crackdown.  Even Mayor Matt Appelbaum, who supports the police, admits to a tinge of worry that arresting Halloween streakers will tarnish Boulder&#039;s reputation as, well, Boulder...Police acknowledge they have not been flooded with pumpkin-run-related complaints, but say that&#039;s beside the point.&quot;

Yes, it sounds like quite the public outcry against the event.  I seriously doubt that the DA would ever actually go to trial on any of these cases so his (somewhat tepid) support for the police is irrelevant.  The real objective here is to threaten participants with spending the night in jail and with the embarrassment of having an arrest record for a &quot;sex offense.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote cite="comment-682560">
<p><strong><a href="#comment-682560" rel="nofollow">Daniel Chapman</a></strong>: “Public nudity is not illegal in Boulder: that is explicitly stated in the article” — We’ve been over this. Yes it is. It’s illegal in the entire state.</p></blockquote>
<p>No, you are wrong.  Indecent exposure is illegal in the entire state.  Public nudity is not illegal in the entire state.  Indecent exposure and public nudity are two different things.  Indecent exposure requires an element of &#8220;likely to cause affront or alarm&#8221; and does not require the exposure to be public.  Colorado also has a law against public indecency but that is only a petty offense (treated like a traffic violation, I believe) and the law requires &#8220;intent to arouse or to satisfy the sexual desire of any person.&#8221; Tellingly, this law isn&#8217;t mentioned by the police chief in the article, perhaps because it doesn&#8217;t allow him to threaten people with arrest, jail and a permanent record as a sex offender.</p>
<blockquote><p>“Or they could lobby Boulder’s democratically elected officials to pass a law against public nudity.” — They are. Right now apparently.
</p></blockquote>
<p>&#8220;At a recent forum for city council candidates, all 10 participants said they disapproved of the threatened crackdown.  Even Mayor Matt Appelbaum, who supports the police, admits to a tinge of worry that arresting Halloween streakers will tarnish Boulder&#8217;s reputation as, well, Boulder&#8230;Police acknowledge they have not been flooded with pumpkin-run-related complaints, but say that&#8217;s beside the point.&#8221;</p>
<p>Yes, it sounds like quite the public outcry against the event.  I seriously doubt that the DA would ever actually go to trial on any of these cases so his (somewhat tepid) support for the police is irrelevant.  The real objective here is to threaten participants with spending the night in jail and with the embarrassment of having an arrest record for a &#8220;sex offense.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: Daniel Chapman</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682560</link>
		<dc:creator>Daniel Chapman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2009 04:31:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682560</guid>
		<description>&quot;Public nudity is not illegal in Boulder: that is explicitly stated in the article&quot; - We&#039;ve been over this.  Yes it is.  It&#039;s illegal in the entire state.

&quot;it is one unelected bureaucrat (the chief of police)&quot; - And one elected politician (the District Attorney)

&quot;the police should wait for an actual civilian witness to complain&quot; - If I had to guess based upon human nature, people have already complained.  Either way, I dispute your underlying premise that the police have to wait for a complaint in &quot;most places,&quot; and even if they did in &quot;most places,&quot; it doesn&#039;t mean they should here.

&quot;Or they could lobby Boulder’s democratically elected officials to pass a law against public nudity.&quot; - They are.  Right now apparently.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Public nudity is not illegal in Boulder: that is explicitly stated in the article&#8221; &#8211; We&#8217;ve been over this.  Yes it is.  It&#8217;s illegal in the entire state.</p>
<p>&#8220;it is one unelected bureaucrat (the chief of police)&#8221; &#8211; And one elected politician (the District Attorney)</p>
<p>&#8220;the police should wait for an actual civilian witness to complain&#8221; &#8211; If I had to guess based upon human nature, people have already complained.  Either way, I dispute your underlying premise that the police have to wait for a complaint in &#8220;most places,&#8221; and even if they did in &#8220;most places,&#8221; it doesn&#8217;t mean they should here.</p>
<p>&#8220;Or they could lobby Boulder’s democratically elected officials to pass a law against public nudity.&#8221; &#8211; They are.  Right now apparently.</p>
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		<title>By: Ricardo</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682522</link>
		<dc:creator>Ricardo</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2009 02:23:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682522</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote cite=&quot;comment-682359&quot;&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#comment-682359&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Daniel Chapman&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Whether the circumstances would cause alarm or affront is a factual determination for the jury, Mr. Nieporent. Please stop accusing me of being illiterate because I disagree with you. kthx.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

If you had indeed read the article, you would not be asking the kinds of questions and raising the issues you have.  Public nudity is not illegal in Boulder: that is explicitly stated in the article.  And this is not a case of a community suddenly deciding it doesn&#039;t want this event to happen anymore.  On the contrary, Boulder&#039;s publicly elected officials have consistently refused to ban public nudity and even the police admit they get very few citizen complaints over events like this.  Instead, it is one unelected bureaucrat (the chief of police) deciding unilaterally to arrest and jail anyone who participates without any clear argument that the participants are breaking the law.

Even if you think streaking at 11 pm is inherently &quot;likely to cause affront or alarm&quot; at the very least the police should wait for an actual civilian witness to complain before making an arrest.  That&#039;s the way noise ordinances work in most places: the police need someone who is complaining before they go to your house and tell you to turn your music down.  They don&#039;t get to drive around on their own initiative shutting down block parties just because the music is too loud for their own tastes.  Same principle ought to apply here.  Better yet, the police could tell people who are likely to feel affronted or alarmed to steer clear of the whole event.  Or they could lobby Boulder&#039;s democratically elected officials to pass a law against public nudity.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote cite="comment-682359">
<p><strong><a href="#comment-682359" rel="nofollow">Daniel Chapman</a></strong>: Whether the circumstances would cause alarm or affront is a factual determination for the jury, Mr. Nieporent. Please stop accusing me of being illiterate because I disagree with you. kthx.
</p></blockquote>
<p>If you had indeed read the article, you would not be asking the kinds of questions and raising the issues you have.  Public nudity is not illegal in Boulder: that is explicitly stated in the article.  And this is not a case of a community suddenly deciding it doesn&#8217;t want this event to happen anymore.  On the contrary, Boulder&#8217;s publicly elected officials have consistently refused to ban public nudity and even the police admit they get very few citizen complaints over events like this.  Instead, it is one unelected bureaucrat (the chief of police) deciding unilaterally to arrest and jail anyone who participates without any clear argument that the participants are breaking the law.</p>
<p>Even if you think streaking at 11 pm is inherently &#8220;likely to cause affront or alarm&#8221; at the very least the police should wait for an actual civilian witness to complain before making an arrest.  That&#8217;s the way noise ordinances work in most places: the police need someone who is complaining before they go to your house and tell you to turn your music down.  They don&#8217;t get to drive around on their own initiative shutting down block parties just because the music is too loud for their own tastes.  Same principle ought to apply here.  Better yet, the police could tell people who are likely to feel affronted or alarmed to steer clear of the whole event.  Or they could lobby Boulder&#8217;s democratically elected officials to pass a law against public nudity.</p>
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		<title>By: gullyborg</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682444</link>
		<dc:creator>gullyborg</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 23:20:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682444</guid>
		<description>If they are naked in Colorado in late October, it certainly qualifies as &quot;exposure.&quot;  Whether indecent or not is a different matter entirely.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If they are naked in Colorado in late October, it certainly qualifies as &#8220;exposure.&#8221;  Whether indecent or not is a different matter entirely.</p>
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		<title>By: jccamp</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682433</link>
		<dc:creator>jccamp</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 22:56:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682433</guid>
		<description>Without taking a position on public nudity while wearing a gourd, it should be noted that the reason for some increased enforcement this year is because Halloween is on a Saturday for the first time on years; the clocks get turned back so there&#039;s an extra hour of drinking time; CU has a home football game, and there is talk of some former Halloween gathering at a Mall that degenerated into a (supposed) riot in 2004. The police were afraid that the confluence of factors would lead to some perfect storm-drunken Belushi-movie rampage. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailycamera.com/archivesearch/ci_13629653&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;story&lt;/a&gt;)

Personally, I don&#039;t see a couple hundred naked runners leading to such, but then, as someone else posted, &quot;&lt;em&gt;...there is some merit to that argument&lt;/em&gt; (hordes of lunatic CU students etc).&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Without taking a position on public nudity while wearing a gourd, it should be noted that the reason for some increased enforcement this year is because Halloween is on a Saturday for the first time on years; the clocks get turned back so there&#8217;s an extra hour of drinking time; CU has a home football game, and there is talk of some former Halloween gathering at a Mall that degenerated into a (supposed) riot in 2004. The police were afraid that the confluence of factors would lead to some perfect storm-drunken Belushi-movie rampage. (<a href="http://www.dailycamera.com/archivesearch/ci_13629653" rel="nofollow">story</a>)</p>
<p>Personally, I don&#8217;t see a couple hundred naked runners leading to such, but then, as someone else posted, &#8220;<em>&#8230;there is some merit to that argument</em> (hordes of lunatic CU students etc).&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: SeaDrive</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682379</link>
		<dc:creator>SeaDrive</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 21:19:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682379</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;Public nudity isn’t harmless. We all know that.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

False. We don&#039;t all know that. I don&#039;t know that. Of course, all public nudity is not the same. There may be harmful instances, and harmless instances. As a generality, I put streaking in the harmless category. On the other hand, nude sunbathing on the beaches of California is harmful, and clearly responsible for the failure-to-function of the government in Sacramento.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>Public nudity isn’t harmless. We all know that.</p></blockquote>
<p>False. We don&#8217;t all know that. I don&#8217;t know that. Of course, all public nudity is not the same. There may be harmful instances, and harmless instances. As a generality, I put streaking in the harmless category. On the other hand, nude sunbathing on the beaches of California is harmful, and clearly responsible for the failure-to-function of the government in Sacramento.</p>
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		<title>By: Dennis N</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682370</link>
		<dc:creator>Dennis N</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 20:54:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682370</guid>
		<description>The Boulder Police have a reputation and arguably some necessity for being a&#039;oles.  It is argued that it is necessary to keep the hordes of lunatic CU students from burning the town.  Being a parent of a former lunatic CU student, there is some merit to that argument.

For me, the real affront is the draconian sexual offender registry laws.  To put a bunch of nekkid pranksters (with a tip of the pumpkin to rarango&#039;s grandmother) on the same legal and moral level as a child rapist is obscene.  We wouldn&#039;t be having this argument if the Chief threatened to bust them all for Disorderly Conduct or Frightening the Horses.  Instead, he&#039;s damnear threatening to open fire on the crowd.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Boulder Police have a reputation and arguably some necessity for being a&#8217;oles.  It is argued that it is necessary to keep the hordes of lunatic CU students from burning the town.  Being a parent of a former lunatic CU student, there is some merit to that argument.</p>
<p>For me, the real affront is the draconian sexual offender registry laws.  To put a bunch of nekkid pranksters (with a tip of the pumpkin to rarango&#8217;s grandmother) on the same legal and moral level as a child rapist is obscene.  We wouldn&#8217;t be having this argument if the Chief threatened to bust them all for Disorderly Conduct or Frightening the Horses.  Instead, he&#8217;s damnear threatening to open fire on the crowd.</p>
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		<title>By: A.C.</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682367</link>
		<dc:creator>A.C.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 20:47:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682367</guid>
		<description>If there wasn&#039;t at least the possibility of getting into trouble, there would be no reason to do this.  The whole point of streaking is to get an outraged reaction of some sort.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If there wasn&#8217;t at least the possibility of getting into trouble, there would be no reason to do this.  The whole point of streaking is to get an outraged reaction of some sort.</p>
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		<title>By: Daniel Chapman</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682359</link>
		<dc:creator>Daniel Chapman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 20:20:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682359</guid>
		<description>Whether the circumstances would cause alarm or affront is a factual determination for the jury, Mr. Nieporent.  Please stop accusing me of being illiterate because I disagree with you.  kthx.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Whether the circumstances would cause alarm or affront is a factual determination for the jury, Mr. Nieporent.  Please stop accusing me of being illiterate because I disagree with you.  kthx.</p>
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		<title>By: rarango</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682333</link>
		<dc:creator>rarango</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 19:12:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682333</guid>
		<description>Re the difference between naked and nekked (or nekkid.  The former is unclothed; the latter is unclothed but looking to get into trouble. At least according to my grandmother</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Re the difference between naked and nekked (or nekkid.  The former is unclothed; the latter is unclothed but looking to get into trouble. At least according to my grandmother</p>
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		<title>By: fishbane</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682330</link>
		<dc:creator>fishbane</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 19:06:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682330</guid>
		<description>The impulse to arrest people for harmless fun is a sickness. If one has somehow reached adulthood without seeing another person naked, I suspect these pumpkin runners would be providing a public service to those under-served individuals.

As an aside, it strikes me as funny that so many &quot;small government&quot; types apparently see sufficiently great value in persecuting streakers that the cost of ongoing tracking and detention as a sex crime is a fine use of their tax dollars. The cost of a pile of cops, the paperwork, cell-time, ongoing tracking of new &quot;sex offenders&quot;, judicial costs, lost value of our new &quot;criminals&quot;, all so a few authoritarian nitwits, as David says, don&#039;t have to see naked people. (Although I think it is closer to an assertion of societal control - I think very few of the nitwits, when they&#039;re honest with themselves, are actually offended by the nudity. It is more that they simply want to assert ownership of local morality.)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The impulse to arrest people for harmless fun is a sickness. If one has somehow reached adulthood without seeing another person naked, I suspect these pumpkin runners would be providing a public service to those under-served individuals.</p>
<p>As an aside, it strikes me as funny that so many &#8220;small government&#8221; types apparently see sufficiently great value in persecuting streakers that the cost of ongoing tracking and detention as a sex crime is a fine use of their tax dollars. The cost of a pile of cops, the paperwork, cell-time, ongoing tracking of new &#8220;sex offenders&#8221;, judicial costs, lost value of our new &#8220;criminals&#8221;, all so a few authoritarian nitwits, as David says, don&#8217;t have to see naked people. (Although I think it is closer to an assertion of societal control &#8211; I think very few of the nitwits, when they&#8217;re honest with themselves, are actually offended by the nudity. It is more that they simply want to assert ownership of local morality.)</p>
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		<title>By: josh</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682328</link>
		<dc:creator>josh</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 18:56:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682328</guid>
		<description>I want to apologize for not having read the article, which indeed indicates that the conduct might not be illegal per se in Boulder, but, in response to the comment by David Nieporent, it appears that there is an argument that the state law of indecent exposure was violated.  Certainly it can be argued that the conduct was likely to cause affront or alarm to someone who saw it.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I want to apologize for not having read the article, which indeed indicates that the conduct might not be illegal per se in Boulder, but, in response to the comment by David Nieporent, it appears that there is an argument that the state law of indecent exposure was violated.  Certainly it can be argued that the conduct was likely to cause affront or alarm to someone who saw it.</p>
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		<title>By: David Nieporent</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682320</link>
		<dc:creator>David Nieporent</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 18:42:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682320</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;I’m confident in the jury system to make that distinction.&lt;/blockquote&gt;What does your confidence in a jury have to do with your inability to read an article?  Juries don&#039;t get to make legal determinations; only factual ones.  And what does any of that have to do with abuse of police authority because a few authoritarian nitwits don&#039;t like seeing naked people?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>I’m confident in the jury system to make that distinction.</p></blockquote>
<p>What does your confidence in a jury have to do with your inability to read an article?  Juries don&#8217;t get to make legal determinations; only factual ones.  And what does any of that have to do with abuse of police authority because a few authoritarian nitwits don&#8217;t like seeing naked people?</p>
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		<title>By: Daniel Chapman</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682308</link>
		<dc:creator>Daniel Chapman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 18:26:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682308</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m confident in the jury system to make that distinction.  Best of luck with your campaign to deny the citizens of Boulder the right to prosecute naked hippies.

Police cracked down and we got less naked hippies with pumpkins on their heads.  The system works.  Go Establishment!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m confident in the jury system to make that distinction.  Best of luck with your campaign to deny the citizens of Boulder the right to prosecute naked hippies.</p>
<p>Police cracked down and we got less naked hippies with pumpkins on their heads.  The system works.  Go Establishment!</p>
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		<title>By: Oren</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682307</link>
		<dc:creator>Oren</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 18:26:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682307</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;Clearly, there is rampant excess nekkedness across the country. I’m glad we have the police to enforce this, it’s beginning to be an important public nuisance. When will the Administration take this up with Congress?&lt;/blockquote&gt; I blame God for creating man naked instead of clothed. Seriously, what was he thinking, putting all those salacious (and obviously evil) bits on the outside anyway? Intelligent design my ass, this is unintelligent design!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>Clearly, there is rampant excess nekkedness across the country. I’m glad we have the police to enforce this, it’s beginning to be an important public nuisance. When will the Administration take this up with Congress?</p></blockquote>
<p> I blame God for creating man naked instead of clothed. Seriously, what was he thinking, putting all those salacious (and obviously evil) bits on the outside anyway? Intelligent design my ass, this is unintelligent design!</p>
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		<title>By: David Nieporent</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682289</link>
		<dc:creator>David Nieporent</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 17:53:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682289</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote cite=&quot;comment-682252&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#comment-682252&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Daniel Chapman&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: OK, that explains it then.The state law against public nudity (which these people are clearly violating) qualifies as a sex offense, so the city of Boulder is working to draft a municipal ordinance for “pranks” of this nature.  Makes sense.&lt;/blockquote&gt;...if there were a good reason for the law to punish people for harmless fun.&lt;blockquote&gt;Also clearly says that there’s a state law against nudity, so the original article that says “nudity isn’t illegal in Boulder” is (intentionally?) misleading.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Re-read, because the article doesn&#039;t say at all what you think it &quot;clearly&quot; says.

It says that there&#039;s a state law against &lt;b&gt;indecent exposure&lt;/b&gt;, which requires an additional element: that it be done under &quot;circumstances in which such conduct is likely to cause affront or alarm to the other person.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote cite="comment-682252"><p><strong><a href="#comment-682252" rel="nofollow">Daniel Chapman</a></strong>: OK, that explains it then.The state law against public nudity (which these people are clearly violating) qualifies as a sex offense, so the city of Boulder is working to draft a municipal ordinance for “pranks” of this nature.  Makes sense.</p></blockquote>
<p>&#8230;if there were a good reason for the law to punish people for harmless fun.<br />
<blockquote>Also clearly says that there’s a state law against nudity, so the original article that says “nudity isn’t illegal in Boulder” is (intentionally?) misleading.</p></blockquote>
<p>Re-read, because the article doesn&#8217;t say at all what you think it &#8220;clearly&#8221; says.</p>
<p>It says that there&#8217;s a state law against <b>indecent exposure</b>, which requires an additional element: that it be done under &#8220;circumstances in which such conduct is likely to cause affront or alarm to the other person.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: Guest14</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682281</link>
		<dc:creator>Guest14</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 17:42:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682281</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote cite=&quot;comment-682264&quot;&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#comment-682264&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;sk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: 1) Public nudity isn’t harmless. We all know that. That’s why most communities in the country have laws against public nudity. (if you disagree, you, as a member of a democracy, enjoy the freedom to convince your fellow citizens to change the law of the land. Enjoy the fight).
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Whatever arguments there are in favor of democratic forms of governemnt, reliably reaching the correct result, from the perspective of preventing harm, isn&#039;t one of them.  The fact that a behavior is or isn&#039;t against the law says remarkably little about how harmful it is.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote cite="comment-682264">
<p><strong><a href="#comment-682264" rel="nofollow">sk</a></strong>: 1) Public nudity isn’t harmless. We all know that. That’s why most communities in the country have laws against public nudity. (if you disagree, you, as a member of a democracy, enjoy the freedom to convince your fellow citizens to change the law of the land. Enjoy the fight).
</p></blockquote>
<p>Whatever arguments there are in favor of democratic forms of governemnt, reliably reaching the correct result, from the perspective of preventing harm, isn&#8217;t one of them.  The fact that a behavior is or isn&#8217;t against the law says remarkably little about how harmful it is.</p>
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		<title>By: Two-Fisted Law Student</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682277</link>
		<dc:creator>Two-Fisted Law Student</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 17:37:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682277</guid>
		<description>[oops, cut off the end]
so I think that the &quot;excuse&quot; (most people speaking in good faith call those &quot;arguments&quot;) of limited resources is perfectly applicable when those value judgments are of questionable sense/utility.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[oops, cut off the end]<br />
so I think that the &#8220;excuse&#8221; (most people speaking in good faith call those &#8220;arguments&#8221;) of limited resources is perfectly applicable when those value judgments are of questionable sense/utility.</p>
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		<title>By: Two-Fisted Law Student</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682275</link>
		<dc:creator>Two-Fisted Law Student</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 17:36:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682275</guid>
		<description>Horse-apples.

Jaywalking is open and notorious too, but you don&#039;t see special anti-jaywalking press conferences and chiefs-of-police threatening to aggregate all their moving violations and call for repeat-offender enhancements.  I&#039;m sure that would discourage jay-walking too, but nobody suggests doing this on that basis alone.  Choosing which crimes to discourage necessarily involves a value judgment about which crimes &quot;deserve&quot; state resources,</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Horse-apples.</p>
<p>Jaywalking is open and notorious too, but you don&#8217;t see special anti-jaywalking press conferences and chiefs-of-police threatening to aggregate all their moving violations and call for repeat-offender enhancements.  I&#8217;m sure that would discourage jay-walking too, but nobody suggests doing this on that basis alone.  Choosing which crimes to discourage necessarily involves a value judgment about which crimes &#8220;deserve&#8221; state resources,</p>
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		<title>By: Carl The EconGuy</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682270</link>
		<dc:creator>Carl The EconGuy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 17:24:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682270</guid>
		<description>In Fairfax, VA, you can get arrested for being naked making coffee in your own kitchen.

http://reason.com/blog/2009/10/21/man-arrested-for-being-naked-i

Clearly, there is rampant excess nekkedness across the country.  I&#039;m glad we have the police to enforce this, it&#039;s beginning to be an important public nuisance.  When will the Administration take this up with Congress?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In Fairfax, VA, you can get arrested for being naked making coffee in your own kitchen.</p>
<p><a href="http://reason.com/blog/2009/10/21/man-arrested-for-being-naked-i" rel="nofollow">http://reason.com/blog/2009/10/21/man-arrested-for-being-naked-i</a></p>
<p>Clearly, there is rampant excess nekkedness across the country.  I&#8217;m glad we have the police to enforce this, it&#8217;s beginning to be an important public nuisance.  When will the Administration take this up with Congress?</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: sk</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682264</link>
		<dc:creator>sk</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 17:10:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682264</guid>
		<description>Too many bad errors in this entire thread, post, and discussion to take it seriously.  A partial list.

1) Public nudity isn&#039;t harmless.  We all know that.  That&#039;s why most communities in the country have laws against public nudity. (if you disagree, you, as a member of a democracy, enjoy the freedom to convince your fellow citizens to change the law of the land.  Enjoy the fight).
2) It currently isn&#039;t illegal to be nude in public in Boulder (maybe not-if there is in fact a state law against public nudity. In which case, the police chief is not abusing his authority).  Thus, the police chief is abusing his authority.
3) It is draconian to use sex offender laws to punish non-illegal public nudity.  The police chief is abusing his authority (this is true whether there&#039;s a state law against public nudity or not).
4) If and when it is actually illegal to streak in Boulder next year, there is nothing wrong with arresting streakers-next year (&quot;Also clearly says that there’s a state law against nudity&quot;-if this is correct, there&#039;s nothing wrong with arresting streakers this year, either).
5) There really aren&#039;t any freedom/first amendment/anti-totalitarian issues in this case.  Public nudity is frowned upon just about everywhere.  Boulder is an exception (maybe not-if the state law is on the books).  Perhaps, because the run has gotten so popular, it won&#039;t be an exception next year.  This will not be one small step to a police state.  Sorry.  Put the doobie down and whine about Big Brother somewhere else.

Sk</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Too many bad errors in this entire thread, post, and discussion to take it seriously.  A partial list.</p>
<p>1) Public nudity isn&#8217;t harmless.  We all know that.  That&#8217;s why most communities in the country have laws against public nudity. (if you disagree, you, as a member of a democracy, enjoy the freedom to convince your fellow citizens to change the law of the land.  Enjoy the fight).<br />
2) It currently isn&#8217;t illegal to be nude in public in Boulder (maybe not-if there is in fact a state law against public nudity. In which case, the police chief is not abusing his authority).  Thus, the police chief is abusing his authority.<br />
3) It is draconian to use sex offender laws to punish non-illegal public nudity.  The police chief is abusing his authority (this is true whether there&#8217;s a state law against public nudity or not).<br />
4) If and when it is actually illegal to streak in Boulder next year, there is nothing wrong with arresting streakers-next year (&#8220;Also clearly says that there’s a state law against nudity&#8221;-if this is correct, there&#8217;s nothing wrong with arresting streakers this year, either).<br />
5) There really aren&#8217;t any freedom/first amendment/anti-totalitarian issues in this case.  Public nudity is frowned upon just about everywhere.  Boulder is an exception (maybe not-if the state law is on the books).  Perhaps, because the run has gotten so popular, it won&#8217;t be an exception next year.  This will not be one small step to a police state.  Sorry.  Put the doobie down and whine about Big Brother somewhere else.</p>
<p>Sk</p>
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		<title>By: Daniel Chapman</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682260</link>
		<dc:creator>Daniel Chapman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 17:01:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682260</guid>
		<description>Tom-A-to, Tom-ah-to.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tom-A-to, Tom-ah-to.</p>
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		<title>By: Blargh</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682256</link>
		<dc:creator>Blargh</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 16:53:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682256</guid>
		<description>it&#039;s an indecent exposure law, not an anti-nudity law.  the municipal ordinance is being drafted precisely because charging these people with indecent exposure is stupid and draconian.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>it&#8217;s an indecent exposure law, not an anti-nudity law.  the municipal ordinance is being drafted precisely because charging these people with indecent exposure is stupid and draconian.</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Daniel Chapman</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682252</link>
		<dc:creator>Daniel Chapman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 16:48:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682252</guid>
		<description>OK, that explains it then.  The state law against public nudity (which these people are clearly violating) qualifies as a sex offense, so the city of Boulder is working to draft a municipal ordinance for &quot;pranks&quot; of this nature.

Makes sense.  Also clearly says that there&#039;s a state law against nudity, so the original article that says &quot;nudity isn&#039;t illegal in Boulder&quot; is (intentionally?) misleading.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>OK, that explains it then.  The state law against public nudity (which these people are clearly violating) qualifies as a sex offense, so the city of Boulder is working to draft a municipal ordinance for &#8220;pranks&#8221; of this nature.</p>
<p>Makes sense.  Also clearly says that there&#8217;s a state law against nudity, so the original article that says &#8220;nudity isn&#8217;t illegal in Boulder&#8221; is (intentionally?) misleading.</p>
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		<title>By: anonymous</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682251</link>
		<dc:creator>anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 16:47:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682251</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;This is what we call “low hanging fruit.”&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Bad phrase to use in the context of the story.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>This is what we call “low hanging fruit.”</p></blockquote>
<p>Bad phrase to use in the context of the story.</p>
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		<title>By: !=Lawyer</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682250</link>
		<dc:creator>!=Lawyer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 16:44:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682250</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote cite=&quot;comment-682240&quot;&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#comment-682240&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Daniel Chapman&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Is it illegal to be naked in public in Colorado?I expect we’re not talking about a city ordinance here.Any criminal lawyers from Colorado in the&#160;house?

&lt;/blockquote&gt;

http://www.dailycamera.com/boulder-county-news/ci_13457144</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote cite="comment-682240">
<p><strong><a href="#comment-682240" rel="nofollow">Daniel Chapman</a></strong>: Is it illegal to be naked in public in Colorado?I expect we’re not talking about a city ordinance here.Any criminal lawyers from Colorado in the&nbsp;house?</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="http://www.dailycamera.com/boulder-county-news/ci_13457144" rel="nofollow">http://www.dailycamera.com/boulder-county-news/ci_13457144</a></p>
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		<title>By: Daniel Chapman</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682246</link>
		<dc:creator>Daniel Chapman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 16:31:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682246</guid>
		<description>This is what we call &quot;low hanging fruit.&quot;  The conduct is open and notorious, and a few arrests will carry a large deterrent effect.  Limited resources excuse isn&#039;t going to fly with me.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is what we call &#8220;low hanging fruit.&#8221;  The conduct is open and notorious, and a few arrests will carry a large deterrent effect.  Limited resources excuse isn&#8217;t going to fly with me.</p>
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		<title>By: Two-Fisted Law Student</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682242</link>
		<dc:creator>Two-Fisted Law Student</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 16:28:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682242</guid>
		<description>The only world wherein I could buy a &quot;the law is the law&quot; argument is one in which police departments and prosecutors&#039; offices have infinite resources.

What trade-offs are being made in order to crack down on a bunch of naked idiots with squash on their heads?

(Not to mention the fact that the chief of police is well aware of what being charged with a sex offense entails, and he therefore believes that streaking merits being subject to inescapable social stigma at best and life-long registration and residency restrictions at worst.  I am torn between &quot;jackboot o&#039;lantern&quot; and &quot;complete jackass o&#039;lantern.&quot;)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The only world wherein I could buy a &#8220;the law is the law&#8221; argument is one in which police departments and prosecutors&#8217; offices have infinite resources.</p>
<p>What trade-offs are being made in order to crack down on a bunch of naked idiots with squash on their heads?</p>
<p>(Not to mention the fact that the chief of police is well aware of what being charged with a sex offense entails, and he therefore believes that streaking merits being subject to inescapable social stigma at best and life-long registration and residency restrictions at worst.  I am torn between &#8220;jackboot o&#8217;lantern&#8221; and &#8220;complete jackass o&#8217;lantern.&#8221;)</p>
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		<title>By: Daniel Chapman</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682240</link>
		<dc:creator>Daniel Chapman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 16:24:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682240</guid>
		<description>Is it illegal to be naked in public in Colorado?  I expect we&#039;re not talking about a city ordinance here.  Any criminal lawyers from Colorado in the house?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Is it illegal to be naked in public in Colorado?  I expect we&#8217;re not talking about a city ordinance here.  Any criminal lawyers from Colorado in the house?</p>
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		<title>By: rarango</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682239</link>
		<dc:creator>rarango</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 16:23:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682239</guid>
		<description>Tom:  calling you out dude--you are an ageist!  And probably an anti-dentite as well.  :)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tom:  calling you out dude&#8211;you are an ageist!  And probably an anti-dentite as well.  :)</p>
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		<title>By: TheBadness</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682236</link>
		<dc:creator>TheBadness</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 16:17:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682236</guid>
		<description>I was prepared to hold the outrage, until the article noted: 

&quot;It&#039;s not illegal to be naked in downtown Boulder. In fact, the city has had a long, proud history of nudity.&quot;

Accepting that as true, I have to side with the pumpkin runners. It &lt;i&gt;might&lt;/i&gt; have been alarming the first time; not so, after having become an annual &quot;free for all.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I was prepared to hold the outrage, until the article noted: </p>
<p>&#8220;It&#8217;s not illegal to be naked in downtown Boulder. In fact, the city has had a long, proud history of nudity.&#8221;</p>
<p>Accepting that as true, I have to side with the pumpkin runners. It <i>might</i> have been alarming the first time; not so, after having become an annual &#8220;free for all.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: josh</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682235</link>
		<dc:creator>josh</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 16:15:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682235</guid>
		<description>Is the objection the arrest in total, or the grounds/charges?  Are you saying public nudity is not a crime?  I take no position on whether it should be, but it certainly is a crime where I come from (see 720 ILCS 5/11 et seq.) I&#039;m confused ...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Is the objection the arrest in total, or the grounds/charges?  Are you saying public nudity is not a crime?  I take no position on whether it should be, but it certainly is a crime where I come from (see 720 ILCS 5/11 et seq.) I&#8217;m confused &#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: Daniel Chapman</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2009/11/03/an-advance-in-criminal-law-theory/comment-page-1/#comment-682233</link>
		<dc:creator>Daniel Chapman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 16:11:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=20993#comment-682233</guid>
		<description>If people want to do this, I suggest they find a community that won&#039;t prosecute them for it.  If no such community exists, maybe they shouldn&#039;t do it.  If the community they live in has changed to the point where people no longer tolerate it, maybe they should stop.

Sorry, I don&#039;t buy the &quot;totalitarianism&quot; argument.  There are private camps for you to go do that.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If people want to do this, I suggest they find a community that won&#8217;t prosecute them for it.  If no such community exists, maybe they shouldn&#8217;t do it.  If the community they live in has changed to the point where people no longer tolerate it, maybe they should stop.</p>
<p>Sorry, I don&#8217;t buy the &#8220;totalitarianism&#8221; argument.  There are private camps for you to go do that.</p>
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