Jewish Studies professor Michael Weingrad claims that Jewish fantasy writers are “strikingly rare” and tries to explain their absence. Farah Mendlesohn, a prominent academic scholar of fantasy literature, points out that there are in fact quite a few prominent Jewish fantasy writers. Israeli science fiction and fantasy critic Abigail Nussbaum has other objections to Weingrad’s analysis. When you consider that most modern fantasy literature is produced in Britain and the United States and that Jews are less than 2% of the US population and a smaller proportion in Britain, it’s highly probable that Jewish authors are far more than proportionally represented among fantasy writers.
Weingrad may be on firmer ground with the more limited claim that there are no Jewish fantasy writers as important as J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis, by far the two most influential writers in the field. However, given the small proportion of Jews in the population, it’s quite possible that the two most influential writers in any given literary genre could turn out to be non-Jews just by chance alone – even if Jewish writers were no less attracted to that genre then gentiles. There are no European Jewish writers of traditional realistic novels who are as influential as Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky. In English-language literature, there are no conventional Jewish novelists as influential as Jane Austen and Mark Twain. But it would be a mistake to therefore conclude that prominent Jewish novelists are “strikingly rare.” To the contrary, it’s obvious that there are many more prominent Jewish novelists than one would predict based on their percentage of the populations of Europe and the US.
Finally, Weingrad also argues that there are few if any Jewish fantasy novels that are based on Jewish religious tradition in the same way that C.S. Lewis’ work is based on Christianity. As Nussbaum points out, this claim is probably true. The simple explanation here is that most Jewish fantasy writers are secular in orientation. That’s also true of most gentile fantasy writers of the last several decades. Even among gentile fantasy writers, Lewis was somewhat unusual in using his fantasy novels to promote traditional religious views. There are probably more prominent fantasy writers who have used their work to attack traditional Christianity (Marion Zimmer Bradley and Phillip Pullman are two of the best-known examples) than defend it.
UPDATE: Commenters have helpfully pointed out this list of prominent Jewish science fiction and fantasy writers.
orca says:
Buttercup was raised on a small farm in the country of Florin. Her favorite pastimes were riding her horse and tormenting the farm boy that worked there. His name was Westley, but she never called him that…
February 27, 2010, 5:14 amRick R. says:
It’s an interesting analysis, given the fact that the entire medium of comic book fantasy was created, drawn, and written largely by Jewish creative professionals, since the 1930′s. The entire fantasy movie industry, from Spiderman, to Superman, Batman, Iron Man, and the Hulk was a creation of Jewish men and women, each of which added elements of their upbringing and values. Kal-el, or Superman, was an amalgam of new immigrant fantasies and Kabbalah, and the Hulk is a Golem.
February 27, 2010, 6:13 amNeil Gaiman created the award-winning Sandman, which drew heavily upon Midrash and the Jewish creation story.
If you narrow the definition to just fantasy novels, it serves the writer’s argument. On the other hand, the very concept of the graphic novel was created by Will Eisner, a Jewish writer/artist, and his writings were Jewish to the core. On his shoulders stand a whole host of Jewish graphic novel writers and artists, who have expressed their vision in fantasy literature. The rub: It contains pictures, and as Gaiman himself pointed out: We respect words. We respect pictures. Somehow, when we put them together, we don’t respect them quite as much. Why?
Jewish fantasy writing is a dominating and originating force in graphic novels, comic books, and the movies that have been made from them. Marvel made the Thing a Jewish man. Kal-el, or Superman–was an alien trying to assimilate, and his name is Hebrew.
Let’s face it: the very CREATORS of comic book fantasy in the 1930′s were trying to assimilate and sell to a wide market. They put elements of Judaism, especially Kabbalah and Tikkun Olam into their work from the very beginning, culminating with the 1960′s Hulk (a Golem!) and Sgt. Fury’s fighting soldier, “Izzy Cohen.” What was more Jewish than Harvey Kurtzman and Al Feldstein’s satirical fantasies in Mad Magazine?
But it’s comics, so the writer above ignored it. . .
Skyler says:
it seems to me that one should not use statistics to predict or explain superlatives of human artistic merit this way.
February 27, 2010, 7:09 amArkady says:
We’d have to put Miller’s A Canticle for Leibowitz in the defender column, wouldn’t you agree?
February 27, 2010, 7:20 amPersonFromPorlock says:
Yup. And Katherine Kurz is always good for a long liturgical scene or two.
February 27, 2010, 7:59 amEric Jablow says:
Isaac Bashevis Singer did write fantasy novels and stories. Many Jewish authors have written stories of the Dybbuk legend. Lisa Goldstein writes modern fantasy, some of which is inspired by the Holocaust.
Incidentally, Phillip Klass, who wrote science fiction under the pen-name of William Tenn, died this month. His most famous story is “On Venus, Have We Got a Rabbi”.
February 27, 2010, 8:01 amAndy Frechtling says:
No discussion of this issue would be complete without mentioning Avram Davidson. “The Island Under the Earth” is a great read.
February 27, 2010, 8:06 amEricPWJohnson says:
After surviving the Egyptians, the Romans, the Inquisition, the Progroms, random cossack hordes, Hitler, and 60 years of rockets, tanks, missles, and terrorists from their Arab neighbors – who needs fantasies?
February 27, 2010, 8:31 amEric Rasmusen says:
This is an interesting theme to extend. How about the proportion of WASP writers, Roman Catholics, Ivy Leaguers, etc. in fantasy, science fiction, mysteries, etc.?
February 27, 2010, 8:59 amerp says:
… only the greatest, Isaac Asimov!
February 27, 2010, 9:34 amFantasy Geek says:
Laura Anne Gilman (fantasy author and editor) about this too: http://suricattus.livejournal.com/1216296.html
February 27, 2010, 9:49 amCurmudgeon Geographer says:
With the rampant use of pseudonyms among authors, how can we be sure who are Jewish and who are not?
February 27, 2010, 10:05 amCurmudgeon Geographer says:
Tangent, I’ve heard said that there is an overrepresentation of devout Mormons among sci-fi authors.
February 27, 2010, 10:06 ambob lipton says:
Besides Phil Klass, one of the better, although, alas, little known writers who use Jewish themes in their fantasy is Harvey Jacobs, whose “The Chelmlins” is excellent. Also Jane Yolen has written some Jewish fantasies.
Bob
February 27, 2010, 10:09 amTC says:
David Brin, Harlan Ellison, and one of my favorites, Harry Turtledove of alternate history fame.
February 27, 2010, 10:21 amAndy Bolen says:
David Friedman has a fantasy novel right? Harold or something?
February 27, 2010, 10:34 amLaura(southernxyl) says:
I love Turtledove’s stuff! Brin – I like everything but the “Uplift” novels; those are too depressing, seriously. I read his “Thor Meets Captain America” in either F&SF or Analog; it was the first alternative history I was really aware of and it blew me away. You can read it here.
Thought of Asimov as soon as I saw the post title.
Of course, Orca reminds us that the best fantasy book in the world was written by William Goldman. (or possibly S. Morgenstern.)
…Anybody going to Pittcon this week? Any of you chemistry types? Email me if you want to meet up. Hotmail address is southernxyl.
February 27, 2010, 11:00 amLen says:
How about “The Yiddish Policemen’s Union”, by Michael Chabon? It’s more alternate history/murder mystery than “fantasy”, but I definitely got the feeling that the journey undertaken by the lead character (and the author) was far more important than just solving the murder.
February 27, 2010, 11:33 amWormwood says:
Thankfully; this is more evidence that our Jewish patients have been led steadily and properly away from the Enemy and toward Our Father Below.
February 27, 2010, 12:14 pmFC says:
MZB knowingly married a pedophile. Count that as a loss for Lewis and another win for Wormwood.
February 27, 2010, 12:22 pmlgm says:
There’s another Jewish fantasy story where a superhero (one with a temper) parts the water so that the Jews can escape an approaching army of bad guys.
February 27, 2010, 12:45 pmJoe Power says:
I’ll try not to repeat authors already mentioned.
Jack Dann edited two anthologies of Jewish Fantasy and Science Fiction (“Wandering Stars” and “More Wandering Stars”). Daniel Pinkwater has written some of the greatest kid’s fantasies ever (including one with one of the greatest titles of all time: “The Snarkout Boys and the Avocado of Death”). Pete Hamill’s “Snow in August” is very explicitly based on the legend of the Golem (and was made into a pretty decent film). Phyllis Gotlieb has a series of SF novels that have some Jewish undertones. And, of course, no fantasy library could be complete without a copy of Isidore Hailblum’s “The Tsaddik of the Seven Wonders”. You’ll need all of the above to wash your mind out after you read Norman Spinrad’s “The Iron Dream”.
These are the authors whose books popped out at me from my own hardly exhaustive library. Now, can anyone recommend any good (current) Islamic fantasy?
February 27, 2010, 12:55 pmjcm says:
I dont know is Meyrink was jewish but his Golem is bases in his studies of the Kabbala . A work half way between Frankenstein and the modern robots stories.
it’s quite possible that the two most influential writers in any given literary genre could turn out to be non-Jews just by chance alone but tehy are jewish in one case:
February 27, 2010, 1:33 pmthere are no European Jewish writers of traditional realistic novels who are as influential as Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky??’ Not traditional but , the whole world but for the USA agree that Joyce, Kafka and Proust were the most important writers of the xx century.
Kafka , a sionist , has 3 Nobel prizes in his count. Max Broad for been unfaithful. Dino Buzzatti for a long version of “the Chinese Wall”, The Tartarian´s Desert. And Coetzee , who wrote a long version of The Chinese Wall, “Waiting for the Barbarians”.
And Proust, who discovered he was jewish after the Dryfuss´ affair ,is credited for the modern phycological novel
stash says:
Joe Power beat me to it, but Haiblum’s The Tzaddik Of The Seven Wonders immediately came to mind.
February 27, 2010, 1:43 pmarbitrary aardvark says:
lgm way ahead of me, but the next all time best-seller would be Rand? Wasn’t she half-jewish or something? Does Posner count?
February 27, 2010, 1:47 pmyankee says:
News flash: number of X I can think of off the top of my head ≠ number of X that actually exist. This is quite embarrassing and says a lot more about Weingrad than it does about Jewish fantasy authors.
I wonder, though, if Lewis is really “by far” the second-most (or most?) influential writer in the field. What’s the basis for saying that?
As for who’s more influential than Lewis, I would suggest Terry Brooks, who defined modern fantasy with the Tolkien ripoff trilogy that launched a thousand more Tolkien ripoff trilogies.
February 27, 2010, 1:53 pmgeokstr says:
Then there’s that ribald tale about a fantasy world where all of humanity holds hands and sings kumbaya around the campfire, giving of themselves nearly somewhat mostly voluntarily, and cooking huge tasty omelets made from several billion eggs – all totally free of cost, like a perpetual motion machine.
I think it was called “Das Kapital” or something.
February 27, 2010, 1:55 pm1040 says:
Do Bill Kristol columns count?
February 27, 2010, 2:11 pmsealionii says:
As well as much of Gene Wolfe’s work, especially the Long Sun/Short Sun series.
February 27, 2010, 2:29 pmJoseph Slater says:
Speaking as a Jew, if there is a relative lack of Jews writing fiction I can only assume it’s because real life has, through the centuries, been so happy and generally great for Jews that there was no need to imagine alternative realities.
February 27, 2010, 2:36 pmJohn D says:
Although I know some Jewish science fiction and fantasy writers, none of them are major writers. When I tally up Jewish writers of fantasy and science fiction, there’s a preponderance of science fiction. Although Asimov wrote some fantasy (the Azrael stories), his stories were mostly science fiction.
Some here have mentioned Wandering Stars. I looked at my copy. Of the thirteen (today I am a short story collection), only four really qualify as fantasy, though Robert Silverberg’s “The Dybbuk of Mazel Tov IV” combines science fiction (alien worlds and species) with fantasy.
I could name some Jewish fantasy writers, but they wouldn’t be the most familiar names. Considering how many major Jewish science fiction writers there have been, it’s interesting that Jewish writers have gone the spaceship route, but not the wizard route.
February 27, 2010, 2:50 pmBen says:
It actually makes sense that most of these novels were written by Christian writers, because Christian themes lend themselves to fantasy storytelling so well. (So much so that even Jewish fantasy creators — such as, say, Steven Spielberg — make liberal use of them.)
Whether or not they explicitly echo Christianity itself, they contain such elements as, say, a child who survives hardship and grows up to find that he (or she) has special powers and is considered by some to be the savior; a group of supporters who undertake the hero’s journey alongside the main character; fights with demons or other supernatural forces; a clash between ultimate good and ultimate evil; and sometimes an apocalyptic or post-apocalyptic battle.
There’s not much in the best-known elements of Jewish theology that’s as grandly dramatic (and, at the same time, easily understandable) as all that. In fact, you might say that one of the reasons Christianity spread so widely is that its themes resonate deeply on a storytelling level — and, at the same time, that the new narratives based on them are also powerful because Christianity has made them so familiar.
February 27, 2010, 3:19 pmIlya Somin says:
Whether or not they explicitly echo Christianity itself, they contain such elements as, say, a child who survives hardship and grows up to find that he (or she) has special powers and is considered by some to be the savior; a group of supporters who undertake the hero’s journey alongside the main character; fights with demons or other supernatural forces; a clash between ultimate good and ultimate evil; and sometimes an apocalyptic or post-apocalyptic battle.
All of these are traditional mythological themes that long predate the rise of Christianity. Consider the story of Moses, who was definitely “a child who survives hardship and grows up to find that he (or she) has special powers and is considered by some to be the savior.” The tale of Gilgamesh is another example. Christianity borrowed these themes from earlier mythologies and pagan religions. It didn’t invent them.
February 27, 2010, 4:00 pmJon says:
Chabon’s Gentlemen of the Road also qualifies I think. Maybe some would label it historical fiction but I found it just fantastical enough.
February 27, 2010, 4:14 pmTCO says:
How about Westerns? Mysteries? Romance? Genre, by genre, which are the ones where Jews are relatively less or more prominent?
February 27, 2010, 5:46 pmDr. Caligari says:
Michael Chabon has also written a 500 page young adult fantasy novel called SUMMERLAND. A number of the characters in the novel have surnames suggesting they are Jewish, but I don’t recall that they are specifically identified as being Jews.
February 27, 2010, 8:32 pmHarold says:
I thought I’d be the first to mention Isaac. One of the two best influential science fiction and scienc writers of all time, as agreed to in the Clarke-Asimov Treaty.
I’m sure there are other sci-f/fantasy writeers who are Jewish. I don’t ask a writers religion before I read, not does anyone I know. I ask, “Is it worth reading?”
February 27, 2010, 8:40 pmorca says:
Here’s a handy list:
http://www.adherents.com/lit/sf_other.html#Jews
February 27, 2010, 8:49 pmMike S. says:
Jewish fantasy writing goes back at least to the Talmud which has openly fantastic stories, for instance the fables told in the name of Rabbah bar bar Hana.
February 27, 2010, 9:10 pmNels says:
I guess comic books don’t count as fantasy, otherwise we’d be struggling to come up with a list of influential non-Jewish writers and illustrators.
February 27, 2010, 10:00 pmHarold says:
Wow! I’m absolutely astounded such a list actually exists. That is fascinating. Kind of puts Michael Weingrad’s claim to rest.
I shouldn’t be astounded anymore by lists like that. It appears that in the days of the internet, if something can be categorized and listed and cross referenced, it will be.
February 27, 2010, 10:03 pmHarold says:
Looking closer at the list, I know I’ve read 16 of the Jewish writers on the list. And any of the others who’ve had short fiction published in Analog. (I’ve read every issue since 1970.)
February 27, 2010, 10:10 pmgeokstr says:
They’re not the only, or even the most recent, borrowers of those fairy tales. I seem to recall one not that long ago about a young boy, lost, trying to find himself in cocaine, rising to be considered a savior by many, and declaring that even the seas would recede now that he has been chosen.
February 27, 2010, 10:12 pmSarcastro says:
[geokstr, seriously, and I say this with all due respect, shut up. Either participate in the main discussion or don't post.
There is no need to just post random political rage on a nice light weekend post.
And for the record, I love me some Harlan Ellison. Favorite author in the genre.]
February 27, 2010, 11:00 pmJohn D says:
The list (and thanks to Orca for providing the link) mixes science fiction and fantasy writers. As I went through the list, I kept thinking “science fiction only, science fiction only.” The question at hand is not “are there Jewish science fiction writers,” but “are there major Jewish fantasy writers?”
Most of the writers on the list have written only science fiction (widgets), not fantasy (wizards).
Peter S. Beagle is probably the biggest fantasy writer on the list. Only about seven of the writers write fantasy.
I found it interesting that Lawrence Schimel was listed only under a pseudonym. And I wondered why David Gerrold didn’t make the list.
February 28, 2010, 2:41 amMike G in Corvallis says:
Many of the writers on the list are so prolific that you may think of them as science fiction authors even though they have also written fantasy. Two off the top of my head: Harry Turtledove, with the novel The Case of the Toxic Spell Dump (set in the universe of Robert Heinlein’s Magic, Inc. and Poul Anderson’s Operation Chaos) and many miscellaneous short stories, and Isaac Asimov’s Azrael stories.
By the way, let me second the recommendation for Avram Davidson’s stories and novels — an acquired taste, but pure delight once acquired.
February 28, 2010, 6:06 amMike G in Corvallis says:
I suspect he was responding to lgm's comment about the Jewish superhero who parted the waters. If geokstr is a believing Christian, he might well have found that offensive. He who lives by the snark may get boojumed by the snark.
Um ... yeah.
Harlan’s good. And he’s so non-political.
February 28, 2010, 6:31 amgeokstr says:
I’m an atheist and have been all my life. My comment was in answer to the Professor’s about where these myths have come from, and he was responding to someone who blames it all on Christian fantasies. My point was that even current secularists are prone to exactly the same beliefs – god or no god. Apparently all human beings need something (that they imagine is) greater than themselves to look up to, even progressives.
That’s pretty revealing coming from a guy whose whole shtick is left-wing snark. You love to make fun of anyone on the right, in any post, for any reason. But you don’t like it when the tables get turned. I get it.
February 28, 2010, 8:01 am1040 says:
It’s not Jewish fantasy just because it leaves you raging and frothing at the author, sweetheart. That might just be confirmation bias.
February 28, 2010, 10:15 amLaura(southernxyl) says:
Disagreeing with your worldview is not equivalent to raging and frothing, sweetheart. That might just be confirmation bias.
February 28, 2010, 11:48 amSarcastro says:
[c'mon, Laura. Working a dig at liberals, and then a dig at Obama into a thread about Jewish Fantasy authors? That's not just disagreeing, that's being a dick about it.
I know my means of communication can be abrasive. But I strive to make my comments at least germane to the topic, and try to keep to the substance and refrain from simply insulting other posters/conservatives as well.]
February 28, 2010, 12:02 pmLaura(southernxyl) says:
Sarcastro, did lgm’s dig, which predated geokster’s, bother you?
I seriously thought the irony in 1040′s comment was funny.
February 28, 2010, 12:18 pm1040 says:
yep, geokstr’s comments are not raging and frothing at all. i am sure you believe that too.
you and alanis morisette.
February 28, 2010, 12:33 pm1040 says:
i really think this post is a slight to bill kristol’s yeoman work on wmds, palin etc.
February 28, 2010, 12:36 pmSarcastro says:
[yeah, lgm's comment differs from geokstrs in degree, but not in kind.]
February 28, 2010, 12:59 pmAk Mike says:
Let’s go down a little deeper. Tolkien certainly, and Lewis probably, derived their visions of fantasy worlds from Wagner’s Ring of the Niebelungen. That work was likely the most influential work of art of the nineteenth century, and cast a long shadow into the twentieth. Wagner’s world was explicitly magical and pagan, but I think had a hidden Christian vision underneath (it was, after all, about the destruction of the pagan world). Wagner was in part influenced in its construction by his extreme anti-Semitism. Many believe that Alberich the dwarf is meant to be an archtype of the Jew – physically repellent, gold-stealing, obsessed with world domination.
It is not surprising that Jewish writers have not fallen under the sway of this vision, and that their fantasies have looked elsewhere for their inspiration.
February 28, 2010, 1:41 pmBen says:
Ilya Somin, Geokstr:
February 28, 2010, 5:28 pmPlease read my entire comment. I neither asserted that these themes originated with Christianity nor “blamed” them on “Christian fantasies.”
Mike G in Corvallis says:
Actually, he was on topic with his first dig, since the author in question was Karl Marx.
He was off topic with the second one, though … unless Bill Ayers is Jewish.
February 28, 2010, 6:32 pmsol vason says:
Belle de Jour
February 28, 2010, 9:56 pmJFM says:
I was glad to see my late friend, Avram Davidson, mentioned above. For a collection of his Jewish themed stories see: Everybody Has Somebody in Heaven: essential Jewish tales of the spirit” Devora Publishing, 2000.
I would also recommend his novel “The Phoenix and the Mirror”, the collection “The Adventures of Doctor Eszterhazy” and his brilliant comic fantasies “Peregrine: Primus” and “Peregrine: Secundus”. And, well, pretty much anything he wrote!
March 1, 2010, 5:05 pmguy in the veal calf office says:
For fans of “Best of the Web Today”, Taranto comments on this post in one of his recurring assemblages.
March 1, 2010, 5:31 pmMike Rappaport says:
The Jewish writers on the list are mainly science fiction writers, not fantasy writers. It might be interesting to ask why the Jews write science fiction, but not fantasy. Certainly, the Jews may not have liked the Middle Ages, like Tolkien did, so that may be part of it.
March 1, 2010, 6:47 pmcynic says:
I read a short story once about a Jewish wife who enjoyed having sex with her husband. She liked it so much she would even perform oral sex without being asked, and she even loved to swallow!
Now if that isn’t Jewish fantasy literature, I don’t know what is.
March 1, 2010, 7:38 pmLoreta Dench says:
Hello just came across your blog and have been reading some of your posts and just wondering why you chose a WordPress site dont you find it impossible to do anything with? Been thinking about starting one.
March 2, 2010, 12:45 amHeadlines says:
[...] There Really No Jewish Fantasy Literature?”–headline, Volokh.com, [...]
March 2, 2010, 7:52 amYankev says:
Reprinted in Wandering Stars, which, like its sequel, contained only Jewish-themed SF by Jewish authors. But are we distinguishing here between SF and Fantasy? And where would you put cyber-punk, such as Marge Percy’s “He, She, It”, a reconstructionist-themed novel that featured a golem as one of its main characters, and flashbacks to the original golem created by the Maharal?
March 2, 2010, 9:32 amJohn says:
Not sure if anyone has posted this link yet, but adherents.com likes to create lists of famous and near-famous people and their religions
http://www.adherents.com/lit/sf_other.html
March 2, 2010, 10:43 amthriggle says:
Avram Davidson comes to mind.
March 2, 2010, 3:11 pmJason Sizemore says:
Heck, we published a collection of themed stories called HEBREWPUNK written by Lavie Tidhar. Lavie writes many of his stories from a Jewish perspective.
March 2, 2010, 4:44 pmMichael Chabon Is Paged Several Times « Around The Sphere says:
[...] Ilya Somin [...]
March 5, 2010, 5:42 pmpsyjew says:
Interesting perspective from an Orthodox rabbi and child psychologist: http://tinyurl.com/ybzdv6j
March 10, 2010, 7:52 amThe Volokh Conspiracy » Blog Archive » The Ongoing Debate Over Jewish Fantasy Literature says:
[...] massive debate over the validity of his claim that there is no Jewish fantasy literature, including my own humble critique. Abigail Nussbaum has posted a helpful roundup of the debate. Weingrad himself responds to his [...]
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April 3, 2010, 9:55 pmCeola Oller says:
check out iron man 2 online at http://movies.neverseen.net
April 7, 2010, 8:04 amChris Moriarty says:
Hear hear! Anyone who doesn’t think there’s Jewish Fantasy out there needs to read The Princess Bride. And see the wonderful movie, of course.
Also how on Earthsea has this fellow managed to get through life without ever hearing of Ursula K. LeGuin? And under what definition is she not one of the single most influential fantasy writers of all time?
June 22, 2010, 4:25 amMark Beadles says:
http://lavietidhar.wordpress.com/2010/07/08/people-of-the-book/
As if specifically to address this question, note the upcoming release “People of the Book (Am ha-Sefer): A Decade of Jewish Science Fiction & Fantasy”, edited by Rachel Swirsky and Sean Wallace.
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1607012383/thevolocons0d-20/
July 11, 2010, 3:54 pmJewish fiction - Religious Education Forum says:
[...] Fantasy, The Conversation On the fundaments of fantasy THE LANDSCAPE OF JEWISH SCIENCE FICTION Is there Really No Jewish Fantasy Literature? The Ongoing Debate Over Jewish Fantasy Literature Fiction, Popular in the United [...]
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August 15, 2010, 2:38 pm