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	<title>Comments for The Volokh Conspiracy</title>
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	<link>http://volokh.com</link>
	<description>Commentary on law, public policy, and more</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Tue, 08 May 2012 01:46:16 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>Comment on Elizabeth Warren and Affirmative Action in Law School Hiring by Law Professors: I’m Shocked to Find Gambling In This Casino! &#124; Open Source Thinktank</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/05/04/elizabeth-warren-and-affirmative-action-in-law-school-hiring/comment-page-1/#comment-1408847</link>
		<dc:creator>Law Professors: I’m Shocked to Find Gambling In This Casino! &#124; Open Source Thinktank</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 May 2012 01:46:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=59598#comment-1408847</guid>
		<description>[...] as rude, insulting, and stigmatizing.  But for some reason, commentators are taking at face value claims by a couple members of law school hiring committees that law professor Elizabeth Warren’s purported Native American [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] as rude, insulting, and stigmatizing.  But for some reason, commentators are taking at face value claims by a couple members of law school hiring committees that law professor Elizabeth Warren’s purported Native American [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on Is Contract Lawyering Doomed by Algorithm? by Stones Cry Out - If they keep silent&#8230; &#187; Things Heard: e220v1</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/05/05/is-contract-lawyering-doomed-by-algorithm/comment-page-1/#comment-1408831</link>
		<dc:creator>Stones Cry Out - If they keep silent&#8230; &#187; Things Heard: e220v1</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2012 13:52:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=59650#comment-1408831</guid>
		<description>[...] Automation and the legal office. [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Automation and the legal office. [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on Is Contract Lawyering Doomed by Algorithm? by Software Legal Angels of Creative Destruction &#124; Brophy World</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/05/05/is-contract-lawyering-doomed-by-algorithm/comment-page-1/#comment-1408825</link>
		<dc:creator>Software Legal Angels of Creative Destruction &#124; Brophy World</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2012 01:03:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=59650#comment-1408825</guid>
		<description>[...] Anderson of the Volokh Conspiracy discusses the automation of boring legal tasks, spurred by a judge allowing the “use of predictive coding, a computer-assisted document review [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Anderson of the Volokh Conspiracy discusses the automation of boring legal tasks, spurred by a judge allowing the “use of predictive coding, a computer-assisted document review [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on Is Contract Lawyering Doomed by Algorithm? by Instapundit &#187; Blog Archive &#187; IS CONTRACT LAWYERING doomed by algorithm?&#8230;</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/05/05/is-contract-lawyering-doomed-by-algorithm/comment-page-1/#comment-1408823</link>
		<dc:creator>Instapundit &#187; Blog Archive &#187; IS CONTRACT LAWYERING doomed by algorithm?&#8230;</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2012 00:05:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=59650#comment-1408823</guid>
		<description>[...] IS CONTRACT LAWYERING doomed by algorithm? [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] IS CONTRACT LAWYERING doomed by algorithm? [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on Elizabeth Warren and Affirmative Action in Law School Hiring by Professor: Elizabeth Warren &#8216;Didn&#8217;t Tell the Truth&#8217;</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/05/04/elizabeth-warren-and-affirmative-action-in-law-school-hiring/comment-page-1/#comment-1408799</link>
		<dc:creator>Professor: Elizabeth Warren &#8216;Didn&#8217;t Tell the Truth&#8217;</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 05 May 2012 20:50:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=59598#comment-1408799</guid>
		<description>[...] as rude, insulting, and stigmatizing.  But for some reason, commentators are taking at face value claims by a couple members of law school hiring committees that law professor Elizabeth Warren’s purported Native American [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] as rude, insulting, and stigmatizing.  But for some reason, commentators are taking at face value claims by a couple members of law school hiring committees that law professor Elizabeth Warren’s purported Native American [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on Elizabeth Warren and Affirmative Action in Law School Hiring by Saturday morning links - Maggie's Farm</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/05/04/elizabeth-warren-and-affirmative-action-in-law-school-hiring/comment-page-1/#comment-1408789</link>
		<dc:creator>Saturday morning links - Maggie's Farm</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 05 May 2012 11:51:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=59598#comment-1408789</guid>
		<description>[...] Elizabeth Warren and Affirmative Action in Law School Hiring [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Elizabeth Warren and Affirmative Action in Law School Hiring [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on Golden Balls Split or Steal &#8211; Explain This Episode to My Students by Prisoner&#8217;s Dilemma Game Show</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/04/22/golden-balls-split-or-steal-explain-this-episode-to-my-students/comment-page-1/#comment-1408719</link>
		<dc:creator>Prisoner&#8217;s Dilemma Game Show</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Apr 2012 14:05:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=59002#comment-1408719</guid>
		<description>[...] Back from Scott: Yes. There are all sorts of possible permutations. If you&#8217;re interested, there is a Volokh Conspiracy post on this with some good commentary: http://volokh.com/2012/04/22/golden-balls-split-or-steal-explain-this-episode-to-my-students/  [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Back from Scott: Yes. There are all sorts of possible permutations. If you&#8217;re interested, there is a Volokh Conspiracy post on this with some good commentary: <a href="http://volokh.com/2012/04/22/golden-balls-split-or-steal-explain-this-episode-to-my-students/ " rel="nofollow">http://volokh.com/2012/04/22/golden-balls-split-or-steal-explain-this-episode-to-my-students/ </a> [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on Golden Balls Split or Steal &#8211; Explain This Episode to My Students by Steal or Split? - Maggie's Farm</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/04/22/golden-balls-split-or-steal-explain-this-episode-to-my-students/comment-page-1/#comment-1408636</link>
		<dc:creator>Steal or Split? - Maggie's Farm</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Apr 2012 19:53:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=59002#comment-1408636</guid>
		<description>[...] Anderson describes using the game in his intro course in&#160;law and economics. The comments there are good.   Posted by The Barrister at 15:46 &#124; Comments (0) &#124; Trackbacks (0)    [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Anderson describes using the game in his intro course in&nbsp;law and economics. The comments there are good.   Posted by The Barrister at 15:46 | Comments (0) | Trackbacks (0)    [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on Golden Balls Split or Steal &#8211; Explain This Episode to My Students by The rational strategy is to appear irrational &#171; Inadvertent Obfuscation</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/04/22/golden-balls-split-or-steal-explain-this-episode-to-my-students/comment-page-1/#comment-1408590</link>
		<dc:creator>The rational strategy is to appear irrational &#171; Inadvertent Obfuscation</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Apr 2012 16:03:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=59002#comment-1408590</guid>
		<description>[...] tip to Kenneth Anderson. Share this:Like this:LikeBe the first to like this post.   By Benjamin Miller, on 23 April 2012 at [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] tip to Kenneth Anderson. Share this:Like this:LikeBe the first to like this post.   By Benjamin Miller, on 23 April 2012 at [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on Golden Balls Split or Steal &#8211; Explain This Episode to My Students by The rational strategy is to be irrational &#171; Inadvertent Obfuscation</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/04/22/golden-balls-split-or-steal-explain-this-episode-to-my-students/comment-page-1/#comment-1408589</link>
		<dc:creator>The rational strategy is to be irrational &#171; Inadvertent Obfuscation</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Apr 2012 15:21:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=59002#comment-1408589</guid>
		<description>[...] tip to Kenneth Anderson. Share this:Like this:LikeBe the first to like this post.   By Benjamin Miller, on 23 April 2012 at [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] tip to Kenneth Anderson. Share this:Like this:LikeBe the first to like this post.   By Benjamin Miller, on 23 April 2012 at [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on Legal Elites and Strategic Behavior by Justice Kennedy and the Obamacare bubble &#171; The Greenroom</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/31/legal-elites-and-strategic-behavior/comment-page-1/#comment-1408276</link>
		<dc:creator>Justice Kennedy and the Obamacare bubble &#171; The Greenroom</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Apr 2012 14:34:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=58078#comment-1408276</guid>
		<description>[...] law claims, but elite legal academics, not so much.&#8221; Expanding on the former point, Kenneth Anderson suggests legal elites are less interested in predicting Court outcomes than in framing of [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] law claims, but elite legal academics, not so much.&#8221; Expanding on the former point, Kenneth Anderson suggests legal elites are less interested in predicting Court outcomes than in framing of [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on Legal Elites and Strategic Behavior by Stones Cry Out - If they keep silent&#8230; &#187; Things Heard: e215v1</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/31/legal-elites-and-strategic-behavior/comment-page-1/#comment-1408275</link>
		<dc:creator>Stones Cry Out - If they keep silent&#8230; &#187; Things Heard: e215v1</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:34:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=58078#comment-1408275</guid>
		<description>[...] The legal elites and the Obamacare case. [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] The legal elites and the Obamacare case. [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on Legal Elites and Strategic Behavior by Instapundit &#187; Blog Archive &#187; QUESTIONS ABOUT Scotusblog&#8217;s objectivity? From the comments: &#8220;As for the RNC ad, Goldstein&#8217;s comme&#8230;</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/31/legal-elites-and-strategic-behavior/comment-page-1/#comment-1408254</link>
		<dc:creator>Instapundit &#187; Blog Archive &#187; QUESTIONS ABOUT Scotusblog&#8217;s objectivity? From the comments: &#8220;As for the RNC ad, Goldstein&#8217;s comme&#8230;</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 31 Mar 2012 20:39:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=58078#comment-1408254</guid>
		<description>[...] UPDATE: Related: Legal Elites And Strategic Behavior. [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] UPDATE: Related: Legal Elites And Strategic Behavior. [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Individual Mandate Case is Not Easy by rilkefan</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/the-individual-mandate-case-is-not-easy/comment-page-1/#comment-1408561</link>
		<dc:creator>rilkefan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:44:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57409#comment-1408561</guid>
		<description>So the lying to do it part isn&#039;t shocking to you. Well, it&#039;s not shocking to me either.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So the lying to do it part isn&#8217;t shocking to you. Well, it&#8217;s not shocking to me either.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Public Opinion, Sympathetic Plaintiffs, and the Individual Mandate Case by Anna Gorisch</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/public-opinion-sympathetic-plaintiffs-and-the-individual-mandate-case/comment-page-1/#comment-1408560</link>
		<dc:creator>Anna Gorisch</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:43:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57446#comment-1408560</guid>
		<description>Until the tax penalties kick in, there will probably be a dearth of individuals who suffer directly as a result of the mandate. There is no doubt that there will be such people; as with so many other types of government assistance, this bill will crush the lower-middle class. They won&#039;t be able to afford the insurance (maybe they won&#039;t be able to afford a computer to get online and participate in the exchanges in the first place), but they will make too much money to get Medicaid or other subsidies. As a result, they will have to put on a dog-and-pony show to convince the IRS that they made whatever the government deems sufficient attempts to acquire said insurance. (Anyone who has ever had to prove something to the IRS knows that this is a substantial burden in and of itself.) Even in the best case scenario, though, the citizen manages to get the waiver from the IRS and is not subject to the penalty... but he still doesn&#039;t have insurance. 

I don&#039;t think we will have examples of individuals suffering as a result of the mandate until it is enforced (and to criticize the plaintiffs for failing to publicize individual stories of people suffering under the mandate is unfair; it isn&#039;t in place yet). Until then, there are people who are suffering under other provisions in Obamacare and it would make sense to find a way to put their stories forward to the public. Yesterday I attended a panel discussion at Cato&#039;s new facility in DC (most excellent in all respects). Michael Cannon was able to point to at least two cases where people have been caught in attempts by their insurance companies to unload them as a result of the price controls. (You can watch the discussion online at CSPAN.)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Until the tax penalties kick in, there will probably be a dearth of individuals who suffer directly as a result of the mandate. There is no doubt that there will be such people; as with so many other types of government assistance, this bill will crush the lower-middle class. They won&#8217;t be able to afford the insurance (maybe they won&#8217;t be able to afford a computer to get online and participate in the exchanges in the first place), but they will make too much money to get Medicaid or other subsidies. As a result, they will have to put on a dog-and-pony show to convince the IRS that they made whatever the government deems sufficient attempts to acquire said insurance. (Anyone who has ever had to prove something to the IRS knows that this is a substantial burden in and of itself.) Even in the best case scenario, though, the citizen manages to get the waiver from the IRS and is not subject to the penalty&#8230; but he still doesn&#8217;t have insurance. </p>
<p>I don&#8217;t think we will have examples of individuals suffering as a result of the mandate until it is enforced (and to criticize the plaintiffs for failing to publicize individual stories of people suffering under the mandate is unfair; it isn&#8217;t in place yet). Until then, there are people who are suffering under other provisions in Obamacare and it would make sense to find a way to put their stories forward to the public. Yesterday I attended a panel discussion at Cato&#8217;s new facility in DC (most excellent in all respects). Michael Cannon was able to point to at least two cases where people have been caught in attempts by their insurance companies to unload them as a result of the price controls. (You can watch the discussion online at CSPAN.)</p>
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		<title>Comment on Public Opinion, Sympathetic Plaintiffs, and the Individual Mandate Case by TheAmazingEmu</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/public-opinion-sympathetic-plaintiffs-and-the-individual-mandate-case/comment-page-1/#comment-1408559</link>
		<dc:creator>TheAmazingEmu</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:31:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57446#comment-1408559</guid>
		<description>I don&#039;t think there&#039;s a libertarian consensus that the government can force you to have an ultrasound, but it is still a very different question.  This case is a question of Federal power.  Obviously, states have broader powers than the Federal government.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I don&#8217;t think there&#8217;s a libertarian consensus that the government can force you to have an ultrasound, but it is still a very different question.  This case is a question of Federal power.  Obviously, states have broader powers than the Federal government.</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Individual Mandate Case is Not Easy by AJ_12</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/the-individual-mandate-case-is-not-easy/comment-page-1/#comment-1408558</link>
		<dc:creator>AJ_12</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57409#comment-1408558</guid>
		<description>

People have a misperception of what is implied by critic’s use of “unlimited
power”. The mandaters have two challenges. The first involves the substantial
affects doctrine: decisions to NOT purchase a product do not easily fit Raich’s
definition of economic: production, consumption, or distribution. We decide to
not purchase items every minute of every day, are we legitimately in ALL of
those markets and potentially subject to an economic mandate? As there is no
way to avoid this regulatory trap as there was for Filburn and Heart of Atlanta
(stop farming or hoteling), the power over the individual is substantial. 


Second, if you prefer to anchor the mandate as being essential to
putting into effect the guaranteed issue regulation, then you must argue that
it does not put into effect the regulation but it corrects an unwanted side effect:
insurance companies can no longer be profitable. So the principle that falls
out is that if there is ever a regulation that causes an unwanted side effect,
including that business is not as profitable, an economic mandate is then a
proper remedy. But all regulations have compliance costs, so most regulation can
be “corrected” by adding a mandate. There is no limit on how long ago the scheme
was put into place or how much cost-shifting occurs, Congress need only have a
rational basis for trying to correct some perceived problem (consider was the
cost-shifting that was part of EMTALA a bug or a feature?). Again, this is a
broad power over the consumer and represents an extra-Constitutional means to
leverage an individual’s income, in essence a sixth type of tax implemented
through the Commerce Clause.


 


Many will argue that SDP will kick in to save the day or that the
political process will naturally limit this power as it does to a degree with
income taxes and unwanted wars, but this still implies that Congress has the
ability to mandate the purchase of any product or service without a true
conditioning link to interstate commerce and without being necessary to enforce
a commercial regulation. This affords the majority unacceptable power and sets
the Court in the uncomfortable position of trying to weigh the cumulative
impact of just-one-more mandate. The Court needs to rework the Commerce Clause
test to require an explicit act of production, consumption, or distribution to
authorize a mandate.


</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>People have a misperception of what is implied by critic’s use of “unlimited<br />
power”. The mandaters have two challenges. The first involves the substantial<br />
affects doctrine: decisions to NOT purchase a product do not easily fit Raich’s<br />
definition of economic: production, consumption, or distribution. We decide to<br />
not purchase items every minute of every day, are we legitimately in ALL of<br />
those markets and potentially subject to an economic mandate? As there is no<br />
way to avoid this regulatory trap as there was for Filburn and Heart of Atlanta<br />
(stop farming or hoteling), the power over the individual is substantial. </p>
<p>Second, if you prefer to anchor the mandate as being essential to<br />
putting into effect the guaranteed issue regulation, then you must argue that<br />
it does not put into effect the regulation but it corrects an unwanted side effect:<br />
insurance companies can no longer be profitable. So the principle that falls<br />
out is that if there is ever a regulation that causes an unwanted side effect,<br />
including that business is not as profitable, an economic mandate is then a<br />
proper remedy. But all regulations have compliance costs, so most regulation can<br />
be “corrected” by adding a mandate. There is no limit on how long ago the scheme<br />
was put into place or how much cost-shifting occurs, Congress need only have a<br />
rational basis for trying to correct some perceived problem (consider was the<br />
cost-shifting that was part of EMTALA a bug or a feature?). Again, this is a<br />
broad power over the consumer and represents an extra-Constitutional means to<br />
leverage an individual’s income, in essence a sixth type of tax implemented<br />
through the Commerce Clause.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Many will argue that SDP will kick in to save the day or that the<br />
political process will naturally limit this power as it does to a degree with<br />
income taxes and unwanted wars, but this still implies that Congress has the<br />
ability to mandate the purchase of any product or service without a true<br />
conditioning link to interstate commerce and without being necessary to enforce<br />
a commercial regulation. This affords the majority unacceptable power and sets<br />
the Court in the uncomfortable position of trying to weigh the cumulative<br />
impact of just-one-more mandate. The Court needs to rework the Commerce Clause<br />
test to require an explicit act of production, consumption, or distribution to<br />
authorize a mandate.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Public Opinion, Sympathetic Plaintiffs, and the Individual Mandate Case by uh_clem</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/public-opinion-sympathetic-plaintiffs-and-the-individual-mandate-case/comment-page-1/#comment-1408557</link>
		<dc:creator>uh_clem</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57446#comment-1408557</guid>
		<description> I think the standard reply is that the state of Virginia is not limited in the way that the  US government is.  Non-withstanding the overwrought cries about the &quot;end of liberty as we know it&quot;, serious commentors understand that the rub is the limitation of &lt;i&gt;federal&lt;/i&gt; power; all the litigants stipulate that the mandate would be constitutional if enacted at the state level.

That said, I have to wonder how many &quot;fair weather libertarians&quot; oppose the ACA on personal liberty grounds (as opposed to the federalism issue) yet nod approvingly at the Virginia statute.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> I think the standard reply is that the state of Virginia is not limited in the way that the  US government is.  Non-withstanding the overwrought cries about the &#8220;end of liberty as we know it&#8221;, serious commentors understand that the rub is the limitation of <i>federal</i> power; all the litigants stipulate that the mandate would be constitutional if enacted at the state level.</p>
<p>That said, I have to wonder how many &#8220;fair weather libertarians&#8221; oppose the ACA on personal liberty grounds (as opposed to the federalism issue) yet nod approvingly at the Virginia statute.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Public Opinion, Sympathetic Plaintiffs, and the Individual Mandate Case by TheAmazingEmu</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/public-opinion-sympathetic-plaintiffs-and-the-individual-mandate-case/comment-page-1/#comment-1408556</link>
		<dc:creator>TheAmazingEmu</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:29:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57446#comment-1408556</guid>
		<description>I don&#039;t think this is really relevant to my point.  Especially since the exact same argument could be used towards private insurers and point out that many claims are denied or inadequately addressed (something this law was specifically trying to deal with).  The only important question is one about mandates.  Why does the Shared Responsibility Requirement apply to Mr. Sissel?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I don&#8217;t think this is really relevant to my point.  Especially since the exact same argument could be used towards private insurers and point out that many claims are denied or inadequately addressed (something this law was specifically trying to deal with).  The only important question is one about mandates.  Why does the Shared Responsibility Requirement apply to Mr. Sissel?</p>
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		<title>Comment on Public Opinion, Sympathetic Plaintiffs, and the Individual Mandate Case by ne_exeat</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/public-opinion-sympathetic-plaintiffs-and-the-individual-mandate-case/comment-page-1/#comment-1408555</link>
		<dc:creator>ne_exeat</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:28:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57446#comment-1408555</guid>
		<description>There are probably thousands of NFIB members who would be great poster children for this matter. In the current economy most are struggling and small business owners more than most. The last thing they need is one more expense to suffer under.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There are probably thousands of NFIB members who would be great poster children for this matter. In the current economy most are struggling and small business owners more than most. The last thing they need is one more expense to suffer under.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Let&#8217;s Try Again by Bugler13</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/22/lets-try-again/comment-page-3/#comment-1408554</link>
		<dc:creator>Bugler13</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:28:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57386#comment-1408554</guid>
		<description>&quot;161 comments&quot;

I labelled the link to these comments &quot;link&quot;, and the Giant Electronic Brain changed &quot;link&quot; to &quot;161 comments&quot;, though now it says &quot;link&quot; again as I edit...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;161 comments&#8221;</p>
<p>I labelled the link to these comments &#8220;link&#8221;, and the Giant Electronic Brain changed &#8220;link&#8221; to &#8220;161 comments&#8221;, though now it says &#8220;link&#8221; again as I edit&#8230;</p>
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		<title>Comment on Audio of My Recent NPR Individual Mandate Discussion with Professor Vikram Amar by TheAmazingEmu</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/audio-of-my-recent-npr-individual-mandate-discussion-with-professor-vikram-amar/comment-page-1/#comment-1408553</link>
		<dc:creator>TheAmazingEmu</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:27:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57433#comment-1408553</guid>
		<description>Professor Somin, I have not gotten all the way through the video yet, but it was interesting so far.  I think both sides do a fairly good job of explaining the issues, although I know a lot more about it than the general public so I could be wrong there.

I really liked the health reporter they had on as well.  I think it&#039;s easy to get lost in the academic debate without actually thinking through the real world nuts and bolts of the law.  That was a good idea on their part to address both.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Professor Somin, I have not gotten all the way through the video yet, but it was interesting so far.  I think both sides do a fairly good job of explaining the issues, although I know a lot more about it than the general public so I could be wrong there.</p>
<p>I really liked the health reporter they had on as well.  I think it&#8217;s easy to get lost in the academic debate without actually thinking through the real world nuts and bolts of the law.  That was a good idea on their part to address both.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Public Opinion, Sympathetic Plaintiffs, and the Individual Mandate Case by ne_exeat</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/public-opinion-sympathetic-plaintiffs-and-the-individual-mandate-case/comment-page-1/#comment-1408552</link>
		<dc:creator>ne_exeat</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:25:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57446#comment-1408552</guid>
		<description>I suppose he is going to go to the VA, so his big health issues are covered. </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I suppose he is going to go to the VA, so his big health issues are covered.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Public Opinion, Sympathetic Plaintiffs, and the Individual Mandate Case by Werenotguilty</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/public-opinion-sympathetic-plaintiffs-and-the-individual-mandate-case/comment-page-1/#comment-1408551</link>
		<dc:creator>Werenotguilty</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:22:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57446#comment-1408551</guid>
		<description> &quot;Feeling&quot; is not the issue. The point is that there are some mandates people like and others they don&#039;t. It&#039;s all relative. This is true across the federalism divide. </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> &#8221;Feeling&#8221; is not the issue. The point is that there are some mandates people like and others they don&#8217;t. It&#8217;s all relative. This is true across the federalism divide.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Public Opinion, Sympathetic Plaintiffs, and the Individual Mandate Case by Jake</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/public-opinion-sympathetic-plaintiffs-and-the-individual-mandate-case/comment-page-1/#comment-1408550</link>
		<dc:creator>Jake</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:17:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57446#comment-1408550</guid>
		<description>Well your waiting is alleviated.

1) I&#039;m an anti-mandate person, I am somewhere, and in particular Virginia (although at this particular moment I&#039;m in North Carolina), and I think the proposed vaginal ultra-sounds were a horrible idea. Although I do have the intellectual capacity to recognize a difference between regulation of an industry, its participants, and the practices and procedures within that industry whose players have voluntarily entered into it compared to forcing people into the industry regardless of their actual will. 

2) No problem, how about we also ensure we allow insurance companies to rate groups of people based on relative risk? A few states have gone against this idea since it seems to make some people feel like it&#039;s unfair. For example, men tend to pay higher vehicle insurance rates based on as a gender they having higher costs. But when the exact same rational is applied to women and health insurance it&#039;s unfair. But that is really an insurance problem, not a care problem.

So what are the health care problems? Access to drugs, not enough doctors, lack of medical schools? Okay well I guess a State that wants more doctors could always go about funding more residency positions since at present we graduate more doctors than can be matched. But that would be a State by State thing now wouldn&#039;t it.

Feel better now?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Well your waiting is alleviated.</p>
<p>1) I&#8217;m an anti-mandate person, I am somewhere, and in particular Virginia (although at this particular moment I&#8217;m in North Carolina), and I think the proposed vaginal ultra-sounds were a horrible idea. Although I do have the intellectual capacity to recognize a difference between regulation of an industry, its participants, and the practices and procedures within that industry whose players have voluntarily entered into it compared to forcing people into the industry regardless of their actual will. </p>
<p>2) No problem, how about we also ensure we allow insurance companies to rate groups of people based on relative risk? A few states have gone against this idea since it seems to make some people feel like it&#8217;s unfair. For example, men tend to pay higher vehicle insurance rates based on as a gender they having higher costs. But when the exact same rational is applied to women and health insurance it&#8217;s unfair. But that is really an insurance problem, not a care problem.</p>
<p>So what are the health care problems? Access to drugs, not enough doctors, lack of medical schools? Okay well I guess a State that wants more doctors could always go about funding more residency positions since at present we graduate more doctors than can be matched. But that would be a State by State thing now wouldn&#8217;t it.</p>
<p>Feel better now?</p>
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		<title>Comment on Public Opinion, Sympathetic Plaintiffs, and the Individual Mandate Case by Mitch l.</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/public-opinion-sympathetic-plaintiffs-and-the-individual-mandate-case/comment-page-1/#comment-1408549</link>
		<dc:creator>Mitch l.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:14:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57446#comment-1408549</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;Why doesn&#039;t the government cover matt Sissel&#039;s care?&lt;/i&gt;

Perhaps it does, but then, again, many veteran claims for care are either denied or inadequately addressed.  This is the reality of American government regulated health.  Perhaps a few other industrialized countries do socialized medicine better than we-- perhaps--  but those countries can scarcely afford nanny statism these days for a number of reasons, chief among them the demographic seismic shifts they&#039;re experiencing with aging &quot;native&quot; populations, an increase in underemployed and &quot;entitled&quot; working age citizens and the influx of differently cultured guest workers, new citizens and dependent wards of the State.  

I don&#039;t see how the U.S. and Democratic Party can forestall the ultimate failure of Ponzi-like medical and Social Security safety nets while simultaneously discouraging independent business and increasing entitlement mentality (hey, Free! contraception for the women folks with so many more goodies/ &quot;rights&quot; to come.)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>Why doesn&#8217;t the government cover matt Sissel&#8217;s care?</i></p>
<p>Perhaps it does, but then, again, many veteran claims for care are either denied or inadequately addressed.  This is the reality of American government regulated health.  Perhaps a few other industrialized countries do socialized medicine better than we&#8211; perhaps&#8211;  but those countries can scarcely afford nanny statism these days for a number of reasons, chief among them the demographic seismic shifts they&#8217;re experiencing with aging &#8220;native&#8221; populations, an increase in underemployed and &#8220;entitled&#8221; working age citizens and the influx of differently cultured guest workers, new citizens and dependent wards of the State.  </p>
<p>I don&#8217;t see how the U.S. and Democratic Party can forestall the ultimate failure of Ponzi-like medical and Social Security safety nets while simultaneously discouraging independent business and increasing entitlement mentality (hey, Free! contraception for the women folks with so many more goodies/ &#8220;rights&#8221; to come.)</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Individual Mandate Case is Not Easy by Entrope</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/the-individual-mandate-case-is-not-easy/comment-page-1/#comment-1408548</link>
		<dc:creator>Entrope</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:06:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57409#comment-1408548</guid>
		<description>You badly misread the Commerce Clause if you think it grants Congress the power to regulate commerce in general, much less to compel citizens to engage in particular kinds of commerce.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You badly misread the Commerce Clause if you think it grants Congress the power to regulate commerce in general, much less to compel citizens to engage in particular kinds of commerce.</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Congress Can-Do-Whatever-it-Wants Power by Josh</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/the-congress-can-do-whatever-it-wants-power/comment-page-1/#comment-1408547</link>
		<dc:creator>Josh</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 15:02:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57396#comment-1408547</guid>
		<description>A problem I see with your argument Sharper is the government is not arguing that it &quot;can force everyone into the market in order to regulate them however they want.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A problem I see with your argument Sharper is the government is not arguing that it &#8220;can force everyone into the market in order to regulate them however they want.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>Comment on Public Opinion, Sympathetic Plaintiffs, and the Individual Mandate Case by Werenotguilty</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/public-opinion-sympathetic-plaintiffs-and-the-individual-mandate-case/comment-page-1/#comment-1408546</link>
		<dc:creator>Werenotguilty</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 14:50:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57446#comment-1408546</guid>
		<description>Re Mr. Sissel, how does anyone know that he will never &quot;need insurance&quot;?   </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Re Mr. Sissel, how does anyone know that he will never &#8220;need insurance&#8221;?  </p>
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		<title>Comment on Public Opinion, Sympathetic Plaintiffs, and the Individual Mandate Case by TheAmazingEmu</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/public-opinion-sympathetic-plaintiffs-and-the-individual-mandate-case/comment-page-1/#comment-1408545</link>
		<dc:creator>TheAmazingEmu</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 14:50:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57446#comment-1408545</guid>
		<description>Given that the government has used one of the petitioners in the case in an attempt to create sympathy for the government&#039;s situation, I do think it would make sense to at least try and counter that.

I do think, if they find a sympathetic story, they should make sure that it is someone actually affected, rather than a &quot;Joe the Plummer&quot; story of someone who claims to be affected until you look more closely at the story.  For example, as others pointed out in the comments, why doesn&#039;t the VA cover Matt Sissel&#039;s medical care?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Given that the government has used one of the petitioners in the case in an attempt to create sympathy for the government&#8217;s situation, I do think it would make sense to at least try and counter that.</p>
<p>I do think, if they find a sympathetic story, they should make sure that it is someone actually affected, rather than a &#8220;Joe the Plummer&#8221; story of someone who claims to be affected until you look more closely at the story.  For example, as others pointed out in the comments, why doesn&#8217;t the VA cover Matt Sissel&#8217;s medical care?</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Individual Mandate Case is Not Easy by jpeg2</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/the-individual-mandate-case-is-not-easy/comment-page-1/#comment-1408544</link>
		<dc:creator>jpeg2</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 14:49:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57409#comment-1408544</guid>
		<description>But the Constitution IS the limiting principle.  If our government needs more limits, we can amend it.  

And no, our high school didn&#039;t have a civics class.  All they offered was &quot;Saul Alinsky&#039;s Death to America 101&quot;.  I took it for 6 years.  Because that&#039;s how long it took me to graduate from high school.  Because I&#039;m stupid.

And in response to your other post since debates appear to only be able to go 6 replies deep, I was being lazy.  The point was that the enumerated powers were not created in a vacuum.  A bunch of smart, flawed, people sat down and decided that Congress should have the sole, unlimited, power to declare war.  They also decided that Congress should have the sole, unlimited, power to regulate commerce.  The limitation to those very broad powers (and all the other enumerated powers) are only common sense and elections.  Congress CAN declare war on Canada today.  Congress CAN mandate that you must buy broccoli.  Congress CAN make your taxes 100%.  Congress CAN create a post office that costs 1 trillion dollars.  Congress CAN borrow 1 trillion dollars to build that post office.  All of those things have an exactly 0% chance of occurring.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>But the Constitution IS the limiting principle.  If our government needs more limits, we can amend it.  </p>
<p>And no, our high school didn&#8217;t have a civics class.  All they offered was &#8220;Saul Alinsky&#8217;s Death to America 101&#8243;.  I took it for 6 years.  Because that&#8217;s how long it took me to graduate from high school.  Because I&#8217;m stupid.</p>
<p>And in response to your other post since debates appear to only be able to go 6 replies deep, I was being lazy.  The point was that the enumerated powers were not created in a vacuum.  A bunch of smart, flawed, people sat down and decided that Congress should have the sole, unlimited, power to declare war.  They also decided that Congress should have the sole, unlimited, power to regulate commerce.  The limitation to those very broad powers (and all the other enumerated powers) are only common sense and elections.  Congress CAN declare war on Canada today.  Congress CAN mandate that you must buy broccoli.  Congress CAN make your taxes 100%.  Congress CAN create a post office that costs 1 trillion dollars.  Congress CAN borrow 1 trillion dollars to build that post office.  All of those things have an exactly 0% chance of occurring.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Public Opinion, Sympathetic Plaintiffs, and the Individual Mandate Case by Werenotguilty</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/public-opinion-sympathetic-plaintiffs-and-the-individual-mandate-case/comment-page-1/#comment-1408543</link>
		<dc:creator>Werenotguilty</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 14:42:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57446#comment-1408543</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m still waiting for any of the VC or any anti-mandate person anywhere, but particularly in Virginia, to come out (1) against the conservative/libertarian consensus that the government can force people (women) to purchase goods and services (ultrasounds) against their will, and (2) in favor of any solution to any health care problem besides malpractice immunity aka tort reform.     </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m still waiting for any of the VC or any anti-mandate person anywhere, but particularly in Virginia, to come out (1) against the conservative/libertarian consensus that the government can force people (women) to purchase goods and services (ultrasounds) against their will, and (2) in favor of any solution to any health care problem besides malpractice immunity aka tort reform.    </p>
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		<title>Comment on The Individual Mandate Case is Not Easy by Stephen_Lathrop</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/the-individual-mandate-case-is-not-easy/comment-page-1/#comment-1408542</link>
		<dc:creator>Stephen_Lathrop</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 14:42:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57409#comment-1408542</guid>
		<description>ACriticalThinker: &quot;What happened to &quot;proper&quot;?  Is that just another was of saying &quot;necessary&quot;?  Here is where both Koppleman and the government are very thin and weak:  they brush aside &quot;proper&quot; without giving that word its constitutional due.&quot;

Someone conversant with 18th century usage would at least be cognizant that &quot;proper&quot; could refer to propriety, as you insist, but is at least as likely to mean &quot;sufficient,&quot; or &quot;adequate.&quot; For example, a proper forge would be one fitted out with the tools necessary for a blacksmith to accomplish his work. Given the context, I think the latter usage is more likely the one intended. To say &quot;necessary and proper&quot; was an 18th century equivalent of today&#039;s &quot;necessary and sufficient.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>ACriticalThinker: &#8220;What happened to &#8220;proper&#8221;?  Is that just another was of saying &#8220;necessary&#8221;?  Here is where both Koppleman and the government are very thin and weak:  they brush aside &#8220;proper&#8221; without giving that word its constitutional due.&#8221;</p>
<p>Someone conversant with 18th century usage would at least be cognizant that &#8220;proper&#8221; could refer to propriety, as you insist, but is at least as likely to mean &#8220;sufficient,&#8221; or &#8220;adequate.&#8221; For example, a proper forge would be one fitted out with the tools necessary for a blacksmith to accomplish his work. Given the context, I think the latter usage is more likely the one intended. To say &#8220;necessary and proper&#8221; was an 18th century equivalent of today&#8217;s &#8220;necessary and sufficient.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>Comment on Public Opinion, Sympathetic Plaintiffs, and the Individual Mandate Case by Mitch l.</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/public-opinion-sympathetic-plaintiffs-and-the-individual-mandate-case/comment-page-1/#comment-1408541</link>
		<dc:creator>Mitch l.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 14:41:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57446#comment-1408541</guid>
		<description>Why don&#039;t objections to the ACA revolve around individual privacy issues, as well as those concerning Pelosi-Reid&#039;s extra-Constitutional slaw-making?  Presumably, one will have to provide the Federal government proof of a health insurance policy or pay the &quot;fine&quot; (turn your head and cough it up), which will give the Feds unfettered access to everyone&#039;s personal medical information through one&#039;s insurer of record.  How is this not some kind of compulsion by State forcing us to reveal our intimate business or even to &quot;self-incriminate&quot;?  

Further, ACA clearly lays the groundwork for the national centralization of citizens&#039; medical records Obama and his party have been seeking for some alleged medical and pricing efficiency (which the Feds are simply marvelous at achieving-- see our unsustainable Medicare, Medicaid, Mediscare, Mediscam, etc. programs)?  Are we to believe such information will not be abused for personal or partisan snooping purposes as currently being done to the Tea Party by the IRS or for instituting &quot;fairness&quot; regulations based on stats they then own and massage, as ruinously done with the mortgage industry, college tuition and energy sector?  

Dollars to donuts, if the ACA is upheld, we will either knowingly or unwittingly be giving the government DNA material through our medical providers in a few years (&quot;for our own good&quot;.)   Smart people with their own medical insurance will pay the penalty each year rather than give up their information to our over-controlling Big Brother.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Why don&#8217;t objections to the ACA revolve around individual privacy issues, as well as those concerning Pelosi-Reid&#8217;s extra-Constitutional slaw-making?  Presumably, one will have to provide the Federal government proof of a health insurance policy or pay the &#8220;fine&#8221; (turn your head and cough it up), which will give the Feds unfettered access to everyone&#8217;s personal medical information through one&#8217;s insurer of record.  How is this not some kind of compulsion by State forcing us to reveal our intimate business or even to &#8220;self-incriminate&#8221;?  </p>
<p>Further, ACA clearly lays the groundwork for the national centralization of citizens&#8217; medical records Obama and his party have been seeking for some alleged medical and pricing efficiency (which the Feds are simply marvelous at achieving&#8211; see our unsustainable Medicare, Medicaid, Mediscare, Mediscam, etc. programs)?  Are we to believe such information will not be abused for personal or partisan snooping purposes as currently being done to the Tea Party by the IRS or for instituting &#8220;fairness&#8221; regulations based on stats they then own and massage, as ruinously done with the mortgage industry, college tuition and energy sector?  </p>
<p>Dollars to donuts, if the ACA is upheld, we will either knowingly or unwittingly be giving the government DNA material through our medical providers in a few years (&#8220;for our own good&#8221;.)   Smart people with their own medical insurance will pay the penalty each year rather than give up their information to our over-controlling Big Brother.</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Congress Can-Do-Whatever-it-Wants Power by Sharper</title>
		<link>http://volokh.com/2012/03/23/the-congress-can-do-whatever-it-wants-power/comment-page-1/#comment-1408540</link>
		<dc:creator>Sharper</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Mar 2012 14:37:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://volokh.com/?p=57396#comment-1408540</guid>
		<description>The big difference brought out in the current cases is that the mandate doesn&#039;t regulate activity by someone already engaged in an interstate market, it compels individuals to join the market, then seeks to regulate them afterwards because they are now part of it.

The argument would be that the government can ban blueberry picking as part of it&#039;s regulation of the interstate market in blueberries, but that it can&#039;t require everyone to go pick a bushel of blueberries every day in order to subject them to other regulations related to the blueberry market.

It&#039;s the &quot;Congress can force everyone into the market in order to regulate them however they want&quot; portion of the argument that leads to an unconstrained federal power to do anything Congress wants if the mandate is upheld.

Disclaimer: I also disagree with the current level of power afforded congress under the interstate commerce clause by the courts, so really, I think the blueberry/marijuana examples are also outside of Congress&#039; Interstate Commerce Clause powers, but that&#039;s not current USSC precedent.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The big difference brought out in the current cases is that the mandate doesn&#8217;t regulate activity by someone already engaged in an interstate market, it compels individuals to join the market, then seeks to regulate them afterwards because they are now part of it.</p>
<p>The argument would be that the government can ban blueberry picking as part of it&#8217;s regulation of the interstate market in blueberries, but that it can&#8217;t require everyone to go pick a bushel of blueberries every day in order to subject them to other regulations related to the blueberry market.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s the &#8220;Congress can force everyone into the market in order to regulate them however they want&#8221; portion of the argument that leads to an unconstrained federal power to do anything Congress wants if the mandate is upheld.</p>
<p>Disclaimer: I also disagree with the current level of power afforded congress under the interstate commerce clause by the courts, so really, I think the blueberry/marijuana examples are also outside of Congress&#8217; Interstate Commerce Clause powers, but that&#8217;s not current USSC precedent.</p>
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