The Volokh Conspiracy

Welcome to NYU, Justice Scalia:
Justice Antonin Scalia recently visited NYU Law School, and if press reports are any guide the welcome was rather mixed. According to this story, Scalia visited NYU to receive an honor from the student members of the NYU Annual Survey of American Law, a law journal. While at the law school, the Justice gave a question-and-answer session that was met with insults inside the room and a protest outside the room.

  The insult during the Q-and-A session has been widely reported online. Law student Eric Berndt, upset with Justice Scalia's oral argument questions and dissenting opinion in Lawrence v. Texas, asked the Justice: "Do you sodomize your wife?" Underneath Their Robes has an eyewitness report:
  There was this loud collective gasp from the audience, and for about 5 seconds Scalia stared at the questioner - I wasn't sure whether he was in shock like the rest of us, or whether he was going to come down from the podium and throttle the guy. He finally got a hold of himself and said he wasn't going to answer that and tried to move on to the next question, but for about 30 seconds the guy kept on badgering him and Scalia kept on trying to move to the next question, which he finally did.
  Wonkette reproduces an e-mail from Mr. Berndt explaining that his goal was to punish, embarrass, and dehumanize Justice Scalia for his allegedly bigoted views — what Mr. Berndt describes as an "act of resistance" against Justice Scalia's refusal to recognize his dignity.

  A protest against Justice Scalia followed the Q-and-A:
  A planned protest in Washington Square Park followed the Q-and-A, which drew activists from OUTLaw, an organization of LGBT law students, the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, the NYU Black Allied Law Students Association and the NYC Chapter of the National Organization of Women. The group held signs that read "Scalia Go Home To the Dark Ages" and "Repeal Scalia," and wore homemade t-shirts reading "Scalia Not My Chief Justice."
  "Gifted people can either use their talents to help other people or hurt other people," said Bert Leatherman, a law student and the protest's organizer. "We all agree that Scalia has used his gifts to hurt people."
  After listening to brief speeches around the fountain, the group organized and marched to Vanderbilt Hall, the law school building. The group stood inside the school's courtyard and chanted "Sexist, Racist, Anti-Gay, Nino, Nino, Go Away!"
  "Scalia has got such a backwards world view and he wields so much power," said Dave Hancock, a Gallatin sophomore who joined the protest mid-march. "To be honored at a so-called progressive school is sickening."
  Unsatisfied with the effect of their protest, the group quickly moved outside the law school and onto the corner of West 4th and MacDougal streets. They surrounded the first-floor room in which Scalia was receiving his honor and continued to chant and wave signs at bystanders. Some protesters wrote "Honk 4 Justice" on the back of their signs instigating cabs and cars to increase the noise volume.
  While I have some thoughts about this, I would be much more interested to find out what VC readers think. To that end, I have enabled comments — please comment away. As always, though, please keep it civil and on-point. I repeat: civil and on-point. Any rude or irrelevant comments will be deleted.
howvan:
I think that there is a right way and a wrong way to make a point. I think Mr. Berndt chose the wrong way. You don't make your point and help your cause by "punish[ing], embarrass[ing], and dehumaniz[ing]" the person with whom you disagree. That is especially so if that individual is a sitting judge...and no less than an Associate Justice! Everyone--from both sides--seems to have lost respect for other individuals and civility has gone down the tubes. Whatever merit there may be to Mr. Berndt's point, and I'm not sure exactly what it is, will be forever forgotten. It's sad, because instead of having an intelligent discussion with the Justice--as many of us would have loved to have this opportunity--where you try to highlight the Justice's inconsistencies or the discrepencies in his arguments, Mr. Berndt chose to end any possibility that this would occur by being rude and insulting Justice Scalia. I certainly wouldn't want Mr. Berndt as my counsel cross-examining witnesses. Personal attacks like these only demonstrate the speaker's inabilities and make the speaker look worse than the person they're trying to berate.
4.15.2005 1:39pm
Richard Aubrey (mail):
"sophomore" and "sophomoric" have the same root for a reason.
This is a matter of juvenile, narcisstic self-importance.
It's a matter of what began--as far as I know--in the Sixties where one's initial thought was pure. Facts were unnecessary unless convenient, and one was so moral and right that anybody who disagreed was not only wrong on the subject, but was doing so for vile and nefarious reasons, thus justifying such tactics as would otherwise have been thought wrong.
I recall professors finessing the "we're the minority speaking truth to the moronic establishment, we're virtuous by virtue of being in opposition" and The Kids ate it up. Facts of the matter mattered not at all.
It was emotionally so satisfying to be right, to be in opposition to the evil, to have implicit justification for wrong acts.
Unfortunately, you aren't required to turn in that attitude along with your apartment key when you graduate.
4.15.2005 1:39pm
Andrew (mail):
I am a law student in New York City. I am at a 'less prestigious' school than NYU. We have had several controversial speakers here this semester alone (even though I don't find Scalia as a controversial speaker) and we have treated each viewpoint with respect and questioned the speakers analytically. I would think NYU School of Law would be embarrassed by this and hopefully they will discipline this student for his outburst by taking away his privelege to go to future speaking events. Not only is this terrible for discourse in general, but it hurts your own cause. I would hope someone bright enough to get into NYU Law would realize this, but it just goes to show that it takes all types.
4.15.2005 1:45pm
ND Law Student:
Anyone with so little respect for a justice of the highest court in the land does not deserve to be admitted to the bar.
4.15.2005 1:50pm
Timothy Sandefur (mail) (www):
4.15.2005 1:53pm
Kai Jones (mail):
The question is irrelevant and therefore mere theater. Even if the justice would have answered in the affirmative, he might still believe that it is wrong and should be illegal. He might recognize his own behavior as wrong, or immoral, or having a negative effect on society and choose to outlaw it even though he does it.
4.15.2005 1:55pm
Bernard Yomtov (mail):
Criticism of Berndt's actions is certainly understandable.To the extent he disrupted the entire event he behaved badly towards all the attendees.

But I do not fault him for insulting Scalia. According Berndt's email Scalia made disparaging remarks about homosexuals earlier in the session, and during oral arguments in Lawrence. If so, I feel compelled to ask why Scalia is not bound by the same principles of politeness as Berndt. If he is going to issue public insults then he should not be exempt himself.
4.15.2005 1:56pm
paul (mail):
I don't think Berndt's motive being to "punish" or "embarrass" Justice Scalia is what made his acts inappropriate. What makes Berndt's act pathetic is that he had a chance to address someone who apparently has had a profound effect on his life, and all he could do is try to shock him with a personal question. If logic, reality, and a sound mind had been on Berndt's side, he could have, with proper preparation, been ready with a question that could have punished or embarrassed Justice Scalia without resorting to such tactics, and it would have helped his cause (beyond just getting pats on the backs).
4.15.2005 1:58pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
Hurrah for Tim. I think Justice Scalia has made himself too much of a public controversialist to be entitled to a sacred aura of non-embarrassment.

Try out this hypothesis: "If it's too private to be asked about in public, it's too private to be legislated against."
4.15.2005 1:58pm
Stephen W. Stanton (mail) (www):
I'm an alum of NYU's business school, perhaps the most apolitical of any school in the NYU system (i.e., never marketed as a "so-called progressive school").

The reaction to Scalia is unsurprising. Manhattan in general is hostile to right-leaning thought, the Village section of the city especially so. Add to that the left leaning sentiment among college students in general, NYU in particular, and NYU's various liberal arts colleges especially... You have a LOT of very-far-left activists there. NYU is quite possibly the most liberal place on the East Coast.

Non-lefties can have civil conversations with the locals about policy for a short while, but as soon as the other person figures out that you might support more than one or two "republican" or "conservative" positions, you get labeled, ignored and possibly insulted.

I'd write more, but this is well-covered ground. Textbook closed-minded campus activism fighting what they perceive as closed-mindedness on the other side.

Bottom line, NYU is a huge university. It cranks out some great thinkers on all sides (e.g. Greenspan). But it also graduates at hundreds of kneejerk leftists each year. You can see some of them at brainterminal.com.
4.15.2005 1:59pm
Gavin (mail) (www):
I am a college student. College students to stupid things. I do stupid things.

Berndt is a college student.
4.15.2005 2:02pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
I think that "Overrule Scalia" would have been a far better slogan on the poster, and be more relevant to his position as justice, as opposed to legislator.

Then again, I find it telling that they chose to cast him in a legislative light. Combining that with Mr. Hancock's comments frightens me. And combining that with Rep. DeLay's comments of late frightens me more. I hope there are still people out there who want a judiciary based upon the rule of law, not of men.
4.15.2005 2:05pm
The King of Torts:
God forbid a Supreme Court Justice would endure some heckling simply because his decisions affect every facet of our goddamn lives. As a straight person, I would have liked to ask him the same question myself. Kudos to the firebrands of today such as him. They are too few in number.
4.15.2005 2:07pm
Dave! (mail) (www):
The student had every right to ask whatever question he wanted; the First Amendment guarantees that right.

However, as someone else noted, there is a right way and a wrong way to voice dissent. I do think the question was out of line; the occasion doesn't seem to have been an appropriate one to take on the issue of gay rights. However, in another forum, I think it was a fair question.

I disagree with Justice Scalia on a number of issues. However, I do enjoy reading some of his opinions (he does have a sense of humor) and I have no doubt that Justice Scalia has the intellect to deal with criticism and dissent without everyone crying foul on his behalf. From the witness accounts, Scalia reacted with more dignity than many who are now making wild statements akin to the fact that someone who exercises their Constitutional rights, albeit in a distasteful manner, is not fit for the bar.

The student chose a poor time to make his point; all the hubbub surrounding it only validates his choice and increases the likelihood of it reoccurring.
4.15.2005 2:09pm
Dirtyfingers (mail):
Thank God liberals don't get exercised over things, as the president of CNN recently pointed out. Otherwise, there might have been real problems, such as protests and intentionally trying to humiliate and embarrass a Supreme Court justice in public...
4.15.2005 2:11pm
NYU 3L:
As a member of the Annual Survey, the journal that brought Scalia to campus, I can honestly say that I was horrified and disgusted at that question. While some of us may not agree with Scalia's views, that doesn't mean we should not pay him the respect that his office affords.

A few other tidbits:

The administration has not apologized or made any comment about the incident, although Professor Barkow (a former Scalia clerk who helped bring him to campus) reportedly said that she was humiliated and that Scalia would almost certainly never come back to NYU.

Nadine Strossen, head of the ACLU, was one of the speakers talking about Scalia and his legacy at the dedication ceremony. Outside, protestors used airhorns and car horns to try and drown out the speeches. Ms. Strossen said that the protestors were exceeding their First Amendment rights, as they were not speaking but merely trying to drown out speech. Again, the HEAD OF THE ACLU said the protestors were going too far.

After dinner that night, Sclaia graced us all with a short song of his own composition: a couple of verses about interpreting legislative history, set to "Tiptoe through the Tulips."
4.15.2005 2:12pm
Duncan Frissell (mail):
This technique will only work as long as the few surviving members of an older generation are around to be verbally abused.

Neo-traditionalists, right-wing radio fans, and libertarians will be able to flip questions like that easily and give as good as they've got. Lefties should spend a bit more time practicing argumentation rather than insult because insults will be wasted against most of their modern opposition.

"No, I'm not a sodomite because my faith calls it a sin so I choose not to indulge" would be a good neo-trad answer and one that is non-falsifiable by Mods.
4.15.2005 2:14pm
Am I A Pundit Now? (mail) (www):
King of Torts, you would actually waste everyone's time by asking him that question?

You wouldn't really be interested in the answer, is my guess, you would be more interested in simply badgering the man for badgering's sake.

Why not badger Justice Ginsburg? Last I saw, she had just as much power over "every facet of our goddam lives" as Scalia.
4.15.2005 2:14pm
Jonathan Millet:
It seems as though Eric never learned to respectfully disagree with others. He needs to learn that emotionally attacking the viewpoint of someone only makes you look intolerant. The excuse of a college student does not apply; he is a graduate student. He should know how to act maturely.
4.15.2005 2:15pm
IL Law Student:
I think Anderson has it correct, and I disagree with NDLaw Sudent. To be sure, Berndt's question was obviously worded in a manner to elicit gasps and shock, and could certainly have been phrased in a less confrontational, if not controversial, way.

But Mr. Justice Scalia has been all about public controversy, as a recent profile in the New Yorker magazine has shown. Just last year, wasn't Mr. Justice Scalia featured in an article profiled on Law.com as suggesting that orgies may be a good way of letting off steam?

We've been legislating and politicizing private sexual activity in this country for as long as we've been a country. If it is true that Supreme Court justices estanciate and embody the law, why is it wrong to ask them about personal practices they would seek to subject to state control?
4.15.2005 2:15pm
Chris Smith (mail) (www):
It must be frustrating for Justice Scalia. He obviously put a lot of effort into writing a well cited, well structured argument, arguing that however reprehensible the Texas law might be it did not violate the constitution or the liberties enumerated therein, even in the context of two hundred years of interpretation, and that by ruling against it the Court was engaging in dangerous abuse. The augment was against judicial overreach, but Mr. Berndt had obviously never read it, or any of the debates regarding judicial restraint, not to mention the fundamental concepts of separation of powers and checks and balances we learn about in elementary school, and had simply heard from someone that Scalia had voted against Lawrence and concluded he thus obviously must be anti-gay. I think that five-second pause must have been Scalia suddenly realizing the breadth of the intellectual schism between himself and Mr. Berndt, and wondering how he could possibly narrow it and engage him in any kind of meaningful debate.
4.15.2005 2:15pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
A little scavenging in the Catechism of the Roman Catholic church yields this elucidation of the Sixth Commandment:

So the Church, which is "on the side of life," teaches that "it is necessary that each and every marriage act remain ordered per se to the procreation of human life." "This particular doctrine, expounded on numerous occasions by the Magisterium, is based on the inseparable connection, established by God, which man on his own initiative may not break, between the unitive significance and the procreative significance which are both inherent to the marriage act."

Does it not follow, then, that as an ostensibly devout Roman Catholic, Justice Scalia would've been safe saying, "No, it's against our religion"? Unless saying that would run afoul of one of the other Commandments?
4.15.2005 2:17pm
Alexandstuff:
I suppose the point was that homosexuals don't own a "sodomy" monopoly. Yet one rarely hears debate regarding whether or not it is morally acceptable for a heterosexual couple to engage in oral sex.
4.15.2005 2:19pm
Seamus (mail):
The question was appallingly rude, intended merely to shock and insult, and not aimed at advancing any intellectual position.

Besides, if Mr. Berndt knew anything about Scalia's jurisprudence, he'd know that even if Scalia was in the habit of sodomizing his wife six ways from Sunday, he'd believe that fact would be irrelevant to the question of whether laws against such behavior were constitutional. (I don't know if Scalia sent any of his children to parochial schools, but I'd be very surprised if he would agree with the holding in Pierce v. Society of Sisters. Moreover, his decision in Smith v. Employment Division convinces me that he'd find no constitutional problem with a statute that made it illegal for Catholic priests to possess wine for use in communion. Whether he thinks such a law, or the Oregon law at issue in Pierce, was wise or just would be another question, but one that Scalia would find irrelevant to the legal question he's be called on as a judge to answer.)
4.15.2005 2:20pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
Chris Smith: I think yours is a good point, but on the whole, I don't think that Justice Scalia can be taken as regretfully concluding that, alas, the Constitution does not prohibit the criminalization of sodomy. Contrast his opinion with Justice O'Connor's.

I think the NYU questioner may indeed have been familiar, not only with Lawrence, but with other opinions of Scalia's, whether judicial or personal.

All honor to his vote in Texas v. Johnson, but I don't think that his vote in Bush v. Gore is consistent with someone whose judicial responsibilities outweigh his personal principles.
4.15.2005 2:23pm
I am Cornholio:
The entire question is irrelevant. What if Scalia had said "Yes, I do sodomize my wife, and for that matter, I sodomize my neighbors too"? The answer to that question has no impact whatsoever on the question before the court, which was whether or not the Constitution prevents states from regulating such behavior.

There is nothing inconsistent about engaging in sodomy yourself yet not believing that the Constitution prevents a state from passing a law restricting it. Mr. Berndt suffers from one of two very serious problems. Either he (1) cannot understand basic logic, or (2) believes that the role of the judge is not to asnwer the question presented by the case, but rather to conform the law with his personal will. In either case, we should certainly not fault Scalia for doing his job and reading the Constitution as it is, rather than pretending its says things that it does not.
4.15.2005 2:25pm
UCLA 1L (mail):
This kind of verbal "pie-throwing" is great. What will they do next?
4.15.2005 2:25pm
Adam Kronfeld (mail):
I concur with Kai Jones above. The question was a bit of meaningless theatre from a smarmy student. Whether or not Scalia engages in a practice he would not disallow the state from prohibiting is completely meaningless to a discussion of the prohibition's Constitutionality. In fact, the one thing that everyone on all sides of the debate should be able to agree upon is that a Justice's decision on a matter of law should be entirely independent of any personal stake he or she may have in the outcome.

What I think this really boils down to is a complete failure to understand the role of the judiciary vis-a-vis the legislature and the Constitution. The "protestors" (or what have you) proclaiming that "Scalia wants" the state to do this and that can't seem to comprehend the not-at-all subtle distinction between desiring that the state adopt a certain policy and merely stating that the state is not prohibited from adopting that same policy. To them, the latter is the same as the former, and one who doesn't like the policy should arbitrarily decide the state is powerless to enact it. And that, of course, would be real judicial activism.
4.15.2005 2:26pm
The 13th Juror:
when has Nino ever displayed the slightest bit of courtesy to counsel at oral argument or his own colleagues in his opinions? Plus, this is the same guy who accepted a duck hunting vacation with Dick Cheney courtesy of an oil/natural gas businessman who was involved with a case before the high court.

So I'm not losing any sleep over this. Scalia had it coming to him.
4.15.2005 2:26pm
Robin Roberts (mail) (www):
Berndt demonstrated that the entire purpose of debate escapes him. Obviously NYU has failed to educate him.
4.15.2005 2:28pm
Apu (mail):
As an NYU Law alum, I was at first shocked when I heard about this incident. But, then, what if the student had asked, "Is it the State of New York's business whether you sodomize your wife?" This is slightly less confrontational, but makes the same point. J. Kennedy wrote in Lawrence that the answer to this question must be "no;" J. Scalia thought "yes." If J. Scalia believes it is so obviously within the police power of the state to regulate this type of private conduct, why can't someone ask him about it? I still don't wholeheartedly endorse the student's precise actions, but it wasn't much beyond the pale as J. Scalia would define it.
4.15.2005 2:28pm
The King of Torts:
Scalia has his own incomprehensible system of Originalist logic. Arguing with him would merely allow Scalia to set the tenor and terms of the argument: things that have already been made painfully apparent through his opinions. These incidents are neccesary in order to remind us that there exists a common sense approach to these issues outside of stodgy stare-decisis.
4.15.2005 2:28pm
me:
I sure hope that guy doesn't think he is going to get hired at a major law firm anytime soon.
4.15.2005 2:29pm
Centerfire (mail):
At the conclusion of Bendt's explanation, he states:


I repeat my willingness to discuss this issue calmly with anyone who respects my identity as a gay man.


And that's really the crux of it. If one does not respect Bendt's identity as a gay man, as Bendt defines those terms, then Bendt refuses to engage in polite and reasoned discourse. To simply have a conversation with this individual, one must be willing to do so only in his ideological endzone; otherwise, he'll feel perfectly free to insult or embarass you.

This is a profoundly selfish and profoundly childish attitude, regardless of the merits of Bendt's argument.

Bottom line: being convinced that you're right doesn't give you license to behave like a jackass.
4.15.2005 2:30pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
I sure hope that guy doesn't think he is going to get hired at a major law firm anytime soon.

The scenario I imagined was Mr. Berndt's first oral argument before Chief Justice Scalia.
4.15.2005 2:34pm
The King of Torts:
Is "respecting" his identity as a gay man such a high threshold that it amounts to a personal insult or overwhelming burden? Isn't Bendt just asking for the same "respect" that these Scalia-worshippers demand for Scalia?
4.15.2005 2:35pm
Dilan Esper (mail) (www):
To me, the question is proper, though quite rude. The questioner got exactly the response he wanted-- a tacit assertion of Scalia's right to privacy, which the questioner would assert is exactly what Scalia does not favor for anyone else. Indeed, one would assume that Scalia would staunchly-- and properly-- resist any attempt by the government to investigate his sex life, no matter the circumstances. Yet he opposes the claim that anyone else can claim that same right to privacy against a governmental intrusion into his or sex life. Indeed, and unlike Clarence Thomas, who thinks that sodomy statutes are constitutional but make bad law, Scalia seems to think that the government has a legitimate interest in preventing people from engaging in acts that are thought to be "immoral". Gays' sex lives, he argues, are everyone's business. But his sex life is none of yours.

There's another, less compelling, but certainly understandable justification for the question. Justice Scalia is a bigot. He is a brilliant jurist, but he is clearly a bigot. For instance, in the Lawrence v. Texas argument, he asserted that one important interest that the government had in regulating homosexual sodomy is that the state had the power to prevent gays from "recruiting" younger people into the lifestyle. No person with even the remotest understanding of gays and lesbians would make such a statement. In his dissent in Romer v. Evans, he called the state of Colorado's desire to permit discrimination against gays and lesbians part of a "kulturkampf" rather than animus. Animus in the service of a culture war that Scalia supports is still animus. Scalia also compares homosexuality to all sorts of other, offensive activities, such as pedophilia and beastiality. This is a man who truly hates homosexuals, thinks that they are immoral, and believes that Christian civilization must stop them if possible.

Given this, can you blame people who engage in a lifestyle, which Scalia is not simply saying has no constitutional protection but further uses his position of great power to condemn as a threat to western civilization at every opportunity, for confronting Scalia and wanting to make him uncomfortable? Has Scalia ever considered moderating his rhetoric to spare gays and lesbians offense? Has he ever considered maintaining his position that these laws are constitutional without specifically throwing it in gays' and lesbians' faces, saying that their activities are immoral and comparable to pedophilia and bestiality? Of course not. So I fully understand why someone would not want to spare Scalia-- who is a provocateur-- the embarassment that is the logical consequence of his position.
4.15.2005 2:35pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
I must say, there is nothing quite so entertaining as watching the left demonstrate their inability to understand:

1. The question of whether something is Constitutional is not the same as whether it is good public policy. There are a lot of people, like Justice Thomas, who echoed Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) when he called Texas's homosexual sodomy law "uncommonly silly"--but that is not the same as contrary to the Constitution.

2. The objection that most Americans (including, I suspect, Justice Scalia) have to homosexuality isn't based on the sexual acts, but the sexes of the participants.

3. Even if you buy into the argument advanced in Griswold which underlies a lot of the later privacy decisions, there is a big difference between the privacy right of a married, heterosexual couple, and that of homosexuals.

4. Why do so many Americans, especially those who are past 30, have this notion of homosexuals as immature and out of control people? Perhaps it is incidents like this.
4.15.2005 2:39pm
Greedy Clerk (mail):
If it is OK to criminalize private consensual sodomy between two adults then it is OK to ask people about it. End of story.

What am I missing?
4.15.2005 2:39pm
Adam Kronfeld (mail):
Is "respecting" his identity as a gay man such a high threshold that it amounts to a personal insult or overwhelming burden? Isn't Bendt just asking for the same "respect" that these Scalia-worshippers demand for Scalia?

Having participated in far too many online and "live" heated debates/discussions/arguments on these kinds of issues, it reads to me like he's trying to set up the debate such that if you disagree with him, he can dismiss you as not "respecting his identity as a gay man" and reject your argument as ignorant bigotry. Which, of course, is ridiculous.
4.15.2005 2:41pm
jdavidk:

The final section of the Justice Scalia’s dissenting opinion abandons all precept of legal reasoning in favor of a vicious tirade aimed squarely at the opposition. Homosexuals, and those progressive social institutions that dare to defend them, so perturb the Justice’s moral conscience that his language finally becomes clear. Here we become privy to the true reasoning and the true motive behind Justice Scalia’s prior tortuous arguments. The vitriolic spilled forth in closing section of the dissent is unmatched elsewhere in the opinion. He opens with an attack on the “law-profession culture, that has largely signed on to the so-called homosexual agenda.” An “agenda promoted by some homosexual activists.” The persecutory language that Justice Scalia chooses to use leaves us with no doubts as to why he has chosen to dissent from the majority. He simply believes that homosexual conduct is morally wrong. Despite the accumulating scientific evidence that sexual orientation is biological in nature, despite the expansion of civil liberties with regard to the expression of human sexuality, despite the growing understanding and tolerance of Western civilization, despite the lack of a legitimate state interest in regulating this expression of human sexuality, he simply believes it is wrong. His perception of the advance of civil liberties as an “agenda” pursued by “homosexual activists” expresses his disgust. His defense of active discrimination against homosexual conduct as “Many Americans….protecting themselves and their families from a lifestyle that they believe to be immoral and destructive.” is demeaning and ignoble to the human spirit. That active discrimination against homosexuals in the public sphere can be justified because, in his narrow, unscientific opinion, homosexual conduct is not “mainstream” is a patently false statement on the attitudes of Americans towards homosexual persons. His further reasoning that in state and Federal codes such discrimination currently is legal or even a constitutional right is an appeal to the tyranny of the majority. For as this Justice cleverly confuses the issue between persons who “openly engage in homosexual conduct as partners in their business, as scoutmasters for their children, as teachers in their children’s schools, or as boarders in their home” with homosexual conduct that takes place within the privacy of their own home. That is what Lawrence is about. Private, consensual, non-commercial sexual activity between adults. His invocation of the “culture war” is damning and reprehensible. That Justice Scalia seeks to uphold the prohibition of an act of a person’s private affairs by generalizing the case to be that of open, profligate, exhibitionist sexual activity is a gross error. Would he similarly consider other populist notions of homosexual conduct, the lisping cant of a man’s speech, the oh-too-short haircut upon a woman, as grounds upon which a person can be discriminated against in the private sector or the government? The aforementioned actions could easily be construed as homosexual conduct, and thus subject the individual to an infringement of his or her equal protection. It is Justice Scalia suggestion that homosexual persons can be legally discriminated against in the eyes of the law, that exposes his moral position as supreme to the laws of the land. Does Justice Scalia believe that homosexual persons are not entitled to the full protections of the law because of their sexual orientation? Or perhaps, in the manner of King Solomon, he would propose as a solution the doctrine of separate but equal? Let us note that Plessy v. Ferguson was overturned by this Court in 1954.
4.15.2005 2:41pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
Greedy Clerk: I'm not sure that argument works. I think it would be quite rude to ask Scalia, for example, "So, did you kill anyone then brutally rape their corpse?"
4.15.2005 2:43pm
Greedy Clerk (mail):
Look, everyone here agrees that the government has no right to criminally sanction an individual unless the government has given that individual "due process of law." Scalia believes that the government gives a person "due process of law" -- and hence has a right to criminally sanction a person -- if the government can prove beyond a reasonable doubt to a jury of 12 that the person has performed consensual oral sex with another person.

Everything I have said above should not be arguable to anyone -- that is what Justice Scalia believes, and I don't think it is an outrageous belief on his part; in fact, there is quite a bit of historical support for his position. So this is what I am missing, and what I alluded to in my prior comment: if the government has a right to inquire into such a matter and to deprive someone of their well-established liberty interest in being free from criminal sanction on account of such conduct, why is it so outrageous to ask one of the nation's top judicial officials if they engage in this conduct as well? Again, what have I missed? If you criminalize conduct, it has no right to stay private -- that is what Scalia supports, criminalizing that conduct so ipso facto he has no refuge in an argument of privacy. You can't have your cake and eat it too.
4.15.2005 2:45pm
Centerfire (mail):
King of Torts: As Bendt defines these terms, yes, it apparently is quite a high threshhold. To reach it, one must evidently wholly share Bendt's definitions and values vis-a-vis homophobia, discrimination, bigotry, equal protection, et cetera; in point of fact, Bendt makes clear earlier in his explanation that he considers the principled support of those not completely willing to storm the barricades to be "worthless".
4.15.2005 2:47pm
Greedy Clerk (mail):
I think it would be quite rude to ask Scalia, for example, "So, did you kill anyone then brutally rape their corpse?"

I disagree. It would not be a "rude" question, it would be an idiotic one because we know it not to be true. Were it reasonable to suspect that he had engaged in that conduct, it would not be rude to ask him about it; would it? Indeed, it is reasonably to believe that Justice Scalia, a married man, has engaged in oral sex with his wife, so then what is rude about asking about it if you assume that such conduct is properly sanctionable by the government as a crime? Can't answer that question; can you?

4.15.2005 2:47pm
The King of Torts:

Greedy Clerk: I'm not sure that argument works. I think it would be quite rude to ask Scalia, for example, "So, did you kill anyone then brutally rape their corpse?"


This is the kind of rubbish I would expect from Scalia. Are you going to compare necrophilia with homosexuality now?
4.15.2005 2:47pm
Greedy Clerk (mail):
King of Torts: Please figure out who writes what!!!!!!!
4.15.2005 2:54pm
MJ (mail):
The largest point is that this young man is utterly clueless as to Justice Scalia's views. Saying that matters as sodomy laws are not prohibited by the Constitution and should thus be left to the legislature to decide, is to bigotry towards homosexuals as support for affirmative action is to blind hatred of whites and Asians.

As for those quoted above who think that vile, embarrassing questions are proper in any setting provided that you disagree with the public speaker, I assume you would have no problem with the following questions being directed at left-wing luminaries if they speak on a college campus:

"Justice Souter, you voted to overturn Texas' sodomy laws. Is that because the rumors that you are gay are true and that you practice homosexual sodomy in your private life?"

"Justice Ginsburg, you voted to strike down the partial birth abortion ban? Is that because you've personally had an abortion, or do you just like killing babies?"

I assume if decorum is optional and horrendous questions are the call of the day when Justice Scalia is on the receiving end, the same goes for all the justices, no?
4.15.2005 2:55pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
Greedy Clerk: Honestly, for the most part, I'd agree with you. Furthermore, I would think that the federal government would be prohibited from criminalizing such behavior under the 9th and 10th amendments. However, I think that there is a federalism question at stake, in that I really don't think that there is anything in the federal constitution mandating a right to privacy such as that which has been found by the Court. As a libertariann, I'd be abandoning my beliefs if I thought that there was a reason for a state to criminalize such behavior. However, I think it represents a shortcoming in our law that we haven't developed the necessary safeguards against state intevention into the private affairs of individuals. I think that muddling the line is dangerous because it leads us into a lulled sense of security when instead we should ourselves be watchful of abuses by the state and the legislature, relying instead on a judiciary that may, considering current politics, be quite fickle in its future jurisprudence on topics that we would think quite established.

King of Torts: I just was attacking the notion of "If something is a crime, then asking someone about their participation in it is proper." Greedy Clerk hadn't qualified it at that time. Now that he has, I tend to agree.
4.15.2005 3:00pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
"Justice Souter, you voted to overturn Texas' sodomy laws. Is that because the rumors that you are gay are true and that you practice homosexual sodomy in your private life?"

A fair question, on Mr. Berndt's terms. Of course, Justice Souter does not dwell in Texas.

"Justice Ginsburg, you voted to strike down the partial birth abortion ban? Is that because you've personally had an abortion, or do you just like killing babies?"

Rude in a way that the question to Scalia wasn't. He had the option, which for some reason he declined, of saying "of course not." The question to Ginsburg tries to pin her into a false dichotomy. Had Mr. Berndt asked "Do you sodomize your wife, or just Justice Souter?" or (my favorite) "Have you stopped sodomizing your wife?", then the question would be obnoxious in the same way that the Ginsburg question is.

Or, how about "Justice Kennedy, you voted with the majority in Lawrence as well as to ban the death penalty for felonies committed by minors. Is that because of your satanic Marxist-Leninist principles?" Would that be rude? Because I think I've read about some people who think they already know the answer.
4.15.2005 3:04pm
Ken (www):
The question was rude and ridiculous. Justice Scalia could logically contend that the constitution doesn't address a certain behavior whether he engages in that behavior or not.

A (hopefully) unoffensive analogy: I play golf. I play golf often. I see nothing wrong with playing golf. Some people consider it a sickness. But the US Constitution says nothing either way about golf. My personal preference for playing or not playing is entirely irrelevant.

Too many people today seem to believe that whatever behavior they want to engage in is a constitutional right, and anything they don't like is unconstitutional. But the constitution was never meant to settle every issue.

As I argued in a recent column, male-female relationships are inherently different from same-sex relationships. So a question that assumes they're identical is starting from a false premise anyway. But as I said, that's all irrelevant to the question of whether the constitution protects sodomy.

One can be a homosexual or a heterosexual and agree that the constitution doesn't mention sodomy.

Justice Thomas' concise dissent in Lawrence was spot on.
4.15.2005 3:05pm
hadayn (mail):
It's ridiculously disingenuous to pretend that Scalia`s strongly worded dissent in Lawrence (not too mention his subsequent comments) reflected only a disagreement with the majority's constitutional interpretation, and not, as he accused the majority of, his "taking sides in the culture war".

After accusing the majority of bowing to the "homosexual agenda", Scalia went on to defend discrimination against homosexuals, or as he prefers to call it, "`discrimination'".

All Berndt did was ask Scalia an embarassing personal question. Unlike with John Lawrence, no armed men burst into Scalia's home and arrested him for having sex.
4.15.2005 3:07pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
I tend to side with jdavidk's take on this. I do think that Scalia is in fact biased against homosexuals, and expresses it. From his reported comments earlier in the NYU talk, as well as referring to the "homosexual agenda" in the third-to-last paragraph in his Lawrence dissent. Of course there are more people than just homosexuals who oppose the state intruding into the bedroom.

However, I don't think this defeats Scalia's dissent, especially as to parts II and III, and referring to the manner by which the Court treats homosexuals as a protected class (perhaps they should be, but it seems clear that they weren't at the time) in part V.

It is unfortunate to those who advocate judicial restraint that its most public supporter, Scalia, seems unable to separate his support from his personal beliefs.
4.15.2005 3:07pm
Am I A Pundit Now? (mail) (www):
Haven't we been told, ad infinitum, that sex is a private thing and no one else's business? I seem to remember hearing that once or twice from the Left.

Oh wait, sorry, there is a codicil: doesn't apply to republican judges, politicians or journalists.

A word comes to mind: hypocrisy.
4.15.2005 3:09pm
Al Jackson (mail):
I have to agree with Greedy &the King on this one. Some people are shocked by Berndt's rudeness, but what could be ruder than putting a man in prison? Why is it acceptable for Scalia to pass judgment on the sex lives of strangers, but unacceptable to ask him about his own habits? If being asked a "shocking" question is the worst thing to happen to him this week, he'll have had a pretty good week.

I grant that nobody wants judges to codify their own personal preferences into the law. But let's turn this around for a moment. Scalia refused to answer the question. It is therefore reasonable to assume that he may in fact sodomize his wife on a regular basis. Two questions for those supporting him:

1. Do you think he'd stop doing it if became illegal in his hometown? If so, you may also believe policemen obey speeding laws. I have my doubts.

2. If he didn't stop, would you still respect his defense of laws he does not himself obey?

I applaud Berndt. His question was precisely on point. I too would like to hear directly from those who make and enforce our laws whether they intend to follow those laws themselves. I actually like Scalia, but I'm not terribly fond of his "I don't have to answer that question, and I needn't recuse myself from a case in which I have a clear conflict of interest" attitudes. No man is above the law.
4.15.2005 3:10pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
Professor Kerr, we're looking forward to your own thoughts, you having so graciously provided this thread for VC readers to share their own ...
4.15.2005 3:12pm
beowulf888 (mail):
But Al, the trouble is that Berndt really didn't make his point effectively. If he had prefaced his question with a comment like yours, and then had hit Scalia with the punch line "So Justice Scalia, do you sodomize your wife?", it would have been much clearer what he was trying to do. Anyway, I agree that Scalia needs to be heckled once and a while just to keep him humble ;-)
4.15.2005 3:22pm
Nikos A. Leverenz (mail):
The main problem with Mr. Berndt's question is that it lacked a good prelude or any sense of context. He should have asked the Justice whether or not a legislature has the unqualified authority to subject individuals to criminal punishment or even civil reprimand solely because of their consensual, non-exploitative sexual practices.

Then he could have asked theatrically, "Justice Scalia, have you ever engaged in a consensual sex act with anyone that violated the law of the state where the act was committed?" Or assuming that he has lived in Virginia for an extended period of time, he could have honed his question further: "Mr. Justice, have you ever committed the act of sodomy with any person, including your wife, in violation of the statutes of the Commonwealth of Virginia?"

Sodomy laws facially applied to all persons, including married heterosexual persons, so a question about whether or not a Justice committed a crime is more than acceptable. In this case, it was imperative.

Ideally, a more carefully-crafted inquiry regarding Scalia's willful denial to recognize the liberties of gay citizens would have resulted in the following: (1) an extended comment on relevant Roman Catholic dogma pertaining to the "violence" which gay parents theoretically commit upon their children by virtue of their sexual orientation, and (2) his recusal from a prospective gay marriage case because of his stated viewpoints.

The terse question turned Justice Scalia into victim of mild sensationalism that would strikes many as puerile and offensive. A far better approach would have prompted Scalia to twist in the caverns of his formidable intellect and expose his hollow rhetorical commitment to a jurisprudence that champions individual liberty.
4.15.2005 3:26pm
Christopher M (mail):
I'm surprised that no one has pointed out the most offensive aspect of the question -- the reference to Scalia's wife. Even if you think it's legitimate to ask Scalia about his own sexual activity, the whole tone of the question was quite degrading toward Scalia's wife, who is not a public figure, and really not the kind of thing civilized people say to one another.
4.15.2005 3:31pm
jdavidk:
I disagree with those stating that Berndt did not effectively make his point. He asked a spot-on question of Justice Scalia, who could respond:

a. Yes.
b. No.
C. *No response*

He chose C. The answer the perfectly illustrates the inherent contradiction in Scalia's dissent. Justice Scalia did not answer because it is not Mr. Berendt's (or the audience) business. A question of government interest? Privacy is not a fundamental right? Granted it is not explicitly stated as such in the Constitution. But I wonder if anyone here would agree with the statement, "As an adult, I agree that the state government has the right to monitor my private, consensual, non-commercial sexual activity with my adult partner in my home."
4.15.2005 3:33pm
Ken (www):
hadayn says: "Unlike with John Lawrence, no armed men burst into Scalia's home and arrested him for having sex."

True, but irrelevant. As I said before, the fact you don't like something does not make it a constitutional question. The US Constitution does not address sodomy.

The Constitution doesn't address all sorts of issues. In a democracy, those unaddressed issues should be decided by democratic processes. To paraphrase a recent Scalia speech: You don't like anti-sodomy laws? Convince your legislators to overturn them.

What's at stake is whether the United States is to be ruled by democracy or by judicial fiat.
4.15.2005 3:36pm
A.S.:
Apart from the substance of the Lawrence issue, this is merely a continuation of the abusive tacitcs by a left-wing that cannot act in a civilized manner and cannot accept that their position is rejected by a majority of Amercians (as evidenced by the election of President Bush and Republican majorities in the Senate and House).

I am quite tired of the continued abusive tactics - whether it is such rude questions and instigation of horn honking, or the pies and salad dressing thrown at some right-wing commentators, or the storming of job fairs at which military recruiters are present, or the continued interruption of President Bush's speech at the convention. The right has become much too passive in accepting the left's use of these abusive tactics. If I had been at Scalia's speech, and Berndt had been near me, I would have hit him. It is time for the right to start fighting back.
4.15.2005 3:41pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
To paraphrase a recent Scalia speech: You don't like anti-sodomy laws? Convince your legislators to overturn them.

Spoken like a comfortable member of the majority. Given the widespread prejudice against gays, how are they supposed to successfully obtain the repeal of such laws?

"Democracy or judicial fiat" is a curious dichotomy (that word again). Democracy is not a value; it's a means to an end, and we have Madison and Tocqueville to remind us that it's an imperfect means. The relatively recent willingness of the courts to stand up for minorities is one of the saving graces of our system of government. Or would Mississippi (my state) have eliminated segregation by now were it not for the courts?
4.15.2005 3:43pm
Dick King:
Last i looked, Scalia lives in a jurisdiction where sodomy is legal.

Gays should <i>like</i> living in a country where states get to make a lot of the rules, and choose their state accordingly.

-dk
4.15.2005 3:45pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
A.S.: It's not like American political discourse has ever really been known for its civility.
4.15.2005 3:48pm
jdavidk:
Do you choose:

Tolerance The capacity for or the practice of recognizing and respecting the beliefs or practices of others.

or:

Violence: "If I had been at Scalia's speech, and Berndt had been near me, I would have hit him."

or:

Segregation: "Gays should like living in a country where states get to make a lot of the rules, and choose their state accordingly."

I choose the latter, but it is a free country....
4.15.2005 3:52pm
Goobermunch:
Ken:

Technically, you don't make the argument that homosexual relationships are inherently different. Instead, you make that assertion. From that assertion you go on to argue that because they are different, government discrimination against homosexuals is not improper or unconstitutional.

--G
4.15.2005 3:54pm
Bob Van Burkleo (mail):
I agree it was a rude question. Would I have asked it? No. Am I feeling sorry for Scalia that it was asked? No. He is a public servant who has advocated that such activities are open to evaluation which led to an embarassing situation for him - oh well. Though I doubt the question was meant to have any lofty purpose, it did help punctuate the well known hypocrisy of those on the right who, like the Pharisees of old, think they can sit in judgement on others while being immune to such judgement themselves.

I'll save my outrage for those who are tolerant of others that are abused, not documented bigots like Scalia.
4.15.2005 3:59pm
A.S.:
jdavidk: In general, I choose tolerance. However, to the extent that others do not -- and Mr. Berndt and the protesters outside were certainly NOT tolerant of Scalia's view -- then they cannot expect it from me. Those who cannot act civil toward others have no right to expect civility from me.
4.15.2005 4:01pm
steveh2 (mail):
From Am I A Pundit:

Haven't we been told, ad infinitum, that sex is a private thing and no one else's business? I seem to remember hearing that once or twice from the Left.

Oh wait, sorry, there is a codicil: doesn't apply to republican judges, politicians or journalists.

A word comes to mind: hypocrisy.


I don't see the hypocrisy here. The "Left" is not claiming that the public actually has a right to know about Scalia's sexual practices. Rather, the point is that by asking, and having Scalia confirm that private sexual practices are a *private* matter, the student made the Left's point quite effectively.

Imagine if a state was considering adding or amending a sodomy law, and they wanted to get facts re whether a law would be a good idea. Presumably, if the subject matter of the law is within the legislature's power, the legislature would also be empowered to subpoena citizens to testify, and would be able to ask them about their practices under oath. Presumably, then, a state legislature would be able to subpoena Scalia and force him to testify on the matter. What in Scalia's views would protect him from this type of questioning?

I've thought, after California v. Greenwood (we have no reasonable expectation of privacy in our garbage), that someone should just search his garbage can every week and publish the contents on the news. Since there is no expectation of privacy, how could one object?
4.15.2005 4:05pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
"Spoken like a comfortable member of the majority. Given the widespread prejudice against gays, how are they supposed to successfully obtain the repeal of such laws?"

This assumes that the widespread disapproval of homosexuality is somehow different from the widespread disapproval of drug addicts, or of wife beaters, or any of a number of other groups whose membership is defined by their behavior.

Our laws allow discrimination against pedophiles; against polygamists; against incestuous relationships. What makes those forms of discrimination lawful while that against homosexuality is unconstitutional? Now, the ACLU has taken the position that it will find laws against polygamy, and has argued in Kansas that laws prohibiting sex with minors are unconstitutional, so at least they are consistent. But this is hardly an argument in favor of treating homosexuals the same as these other groups defined by their behavior.

If you think the comparison of these others groups to homosexuals is unfair, you haven't lived in the San Francisco Bay Area as long as I did.
4.15.2005 4:05pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
This assumes that the widespread disapproval of homosexuality is somehow different from the widespread disapproval of drug addicts, or of wife beaters, or any of a number of other groups whose membership is defined by their behavior.

Why yes, as a matter of fact, I did assume that, quite proudly.

But Prof. Cramer chooses to forget that the Texas statute forbade all sodomy, heterosexual or otherwise.

Which suggests a question to ask Prof. Cramer, but alas, I think it would violate the terms of Prof. Kerr's thread. Where is Mr. Berndt when we need him?
4.15.2005 4:10pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
Here's Miss. Code Ann. 97-29-59:

Every person who shall be convicted of the detestable and abominable crime against nature committed with mankind or with a beast, shall be punished by imprisonment in the penitentiary for a term of not more than ten years.

So, for having oral sex with my wife, I could be imprisoned for TEN YEARS? Unless we take a restrictive reading of "mankind," in which case it's my wife who'd spend ten years at Parchman.

I'm sorry, but I find it difficult to take seriously, or even respect, anyone who believes that a free society can enact and enforce such a law. I guess that puts me in with the drug addicts and wife beaters.
4.15.2005 4:15pm
Timothy Sandefur (mail) (www):
Nikos, you da man. I miss you, guy.
4.15.2005 4:18pm
Tony (mail):
Good for them.

It is probably difficult for heterosexuals to understand just how much anguish is caused by people like Scalia. The clearly stated, widely shared experience of homosexuals - that their orientation is an essential part of their being that demands expression and fulfillment - is ignored in favor of politics and a perverted sense of rectitude. The result is that perfectly good people are destroyed.

Destroyed! This is not hyperbole. This is reality. This is something whose consequences I have to deal with every single day. To not believe this is willful ignorance.

In Lawrence vs. Kansas, Scalia furthered an evil that should not be tolerated in a civilized society. I see nothing wrong with calling him on it.
4.15.2005 4:24pm
Moon (mail) (www):
Adam Kronfeld cited and wrote:

Is "respecting" his identity as a gay man such a high threshold that it amounts to a personal insult or overwhelming burden? Isn't Bendt just asking for the same "respect" that these Scalia-worshippers demand for Scalia?


Having participated in far too many online and "live" heated debates/discussions/arguments on these kinds of issues, it reads to me like he's trying to set up the debate such that if you disagree with him, he can dismiss you as not "respecting his identity as a gay man" and reject your argument as ignorant bigotry. Which, of course, is ridiculous.


Similarly, Goobermunch observes: "Technically, you don't make the argument that homosexual relationships are inherently different. Instead, you make that assertion."

There's a difference between "respect," which I read in Berndt's usage to mean nothing more than toleration, and acceptance. The jeremiad embedded in Scalia's Lawrence dissent was entirely disrespectful of an entire class of people (think of them what you will). Disagreement and difference clutter our every interaction with others; Democrats with Republicans, Christians with Muslims, euro-americans with african-americans, and so on, yet somehow we go on, often and optimally in a tone of civility.

Scalia, and a few of those who defend him here, seem to think it is okay to disparage gays, or to behave as though the difference between gays and heteros is a given and all questions concerning constitutional rights descend from that premise. So who is arguing circularly?

If Scalia spoke as disdainfully of, say, Asian-Americans in a dissenting opinion for the United States Supreme Court, who would defend him? True, however, that ethnicity is a suspect class, which homosexuality appears not to be (though now it's a borderline call, it would seem). But what if he spoke caustically of bankers, insurance companies, academics (oh, wait), or Democrats. There's an example -- political affiliation does not, broadly speaking, carve out a suspect class, but what if Justice Stevens just went on record in a dissent tomorrow as expressing his moral and personal revulsion at the very thought of Republicanism? Good, GOP-baiting liberal that I am, I would not endeavor to defend him. I daresay that publicly villifying someone for his sexual orientation is far more invidious, in virtue of the inscrutable origins of sexual preference, than doing so for his political affiliation.

I think Scalia has grown tiresome as rancor has increasingly displaced rigor in what passes for argument in his opinions. He deserves whatever flak he gets; sometimes shouting and chanting is more rhetorically effective than trying to sit down to a debate. Especially when your positions tend to deny you a seat at the table (q.v., the draconian screening and ejection processes that attend most or all Bush administration rallies, before and after the election).
4.15.2005 4:25pm
Ken (www):
Goobermunch:
Technically, I did make the argument. The fact you didn't like it, think it was weak, stupid, whatever, does not mean the argument was not made. "I didn't like it" and "it didn't happen" are not the same thing.

As I said in the article, the vast majority (99%) of people discriminate based on gender in their own lives every day, and see nothing wrong with it. There's nothing wrong with our laws making the same rational distinctions.
4.15.2005 4:33pm
Ken (www):
Anderson makes the common mistake of equating an immutable trait (race) with a behavior. There's no analogy between the two. All laws disctriminate based on behavior. That's what laws do.

But that's all a separate issue. I oppose anti-sodomy laws. But the Constitution does not say anything about sodomy laws. As Justice Thomas said in his dissent in Lawrence, it was the job of the Texas legislature to overturn the law, not the USSC.
4.15.2005 4:37pm
Sodomy Lover:
The U.S. Constitution does not address sodomy, but it does guarantee a right to liberty. Scalia thinks that people's liberties (including engaging in private consensual sodomy) should be subject to the calculus of electoral politics. It's highly informative to know whether he engages in a practice that he thinks the Constitution allows States to imprison people for.

Scalia's view that the Constitution allows States to imprison people for sodomy is beyond the pale.
4.15.2005 4:38pm
Scipio (mail) (www):
The problem with Berndt's question is that its effect is based on the idea that hypocrisy is the ultimate yardstick's for a person's opinions. I suspect that Berndt, like many people of my generation, admires people who are "authentic" and "real" and abhors "hypocrites." I am hardly a fan of Emerson, but his observation "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds" rings true to me every time someone is criticized for hypocrisy as if that were a surpassing sin, instead of a ubiquitous pecadillo.

Someone who has real problems maintaining two distinctly contradictory propositions in his mind probably won't have much of a future in the field of law. I wish Mr. Berndt better fortune as a lawyer than he has had as a political actor.
4.15.2005 4:42pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
Anderson writes: "Why yes, as a matter of fact, I did assume that, quite proudly."

Sorry, there's way too many people who have enough experience living in the San Francisco Bay Area to buy into your belief system about homosexuals being just like normal people, other than their sexuality.

"But Prof. Cramer chooses to forget that the Texas statute forbade all sodomy, heterosexual or otherwise."

Actually no it didn't. Texas had repealed a general ban on sodomy some years back (and the law on bestiality--I have no idea why), and put it in a specifically homosexual sodomy ban. That's part of why an equal protection argument was used in the Lawrence case. There is still a small possibility that states with general bans on sodomy (such as Idaho has) might survive a challenge.

I really don't have any enthuasiasm for these laws. To the extent that they lead to selective enforcement, they are dangerous and stupid. The laws, such as Idaho has, criminalize actions taken by a large majority of the population. I do care strongly that the Court decided that the Constitution can be disregarded if it offends a powerful special interest group.
4.15.2005 4:47pm
Anthony (mail) (www):
4.15.2005 4:50pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
Tony says: "It is probably difficult for heterosexuals to understand just how much anguish is caused by people like Scalia."

You mean because he (and most other Americans) disapprove of your actions? I can understand the upset about laws that threaten you with prison. But why is anyone's simple disapproval so important to you? Most people would recognize that you have some sort of emotional problem that you need to work through.
4.15.2005 4:50pm
Tony (mail):
Clayton Cramer writes:

If you think the comparison of these others groups to homosexuals is unfair, you haven't lived in the San Francisco Bay Area as long as I did.

I must point out that Mr. Cramer's years-long tirade against homosexuality is based on a very strange perspective on the community, including a quixotic, years-long troll of newsgroups such as soc.motss that in itself suggests a level of preoccupation with homosexuality that is inconsistent with the behavior one would expect of a well adjusted heterosexual. If one were to judge heterosexuals only by hanging around in casinos, whorehouses, and sleazy bars, one would come to a perspective much like his attitude towards gays.

The chief problem with his perspective is his assertion that homosexuals are a group "whose membership is defined by their behavior". This is manifestly untrue. There are many, many celibate homosexuals in the gay community, even in San Francisco, and nobody questions their identity. One of my best gay friends, for instance, is a virgin (by any definition), whose lack of sexual experience in no way undermines his confidence in his sexual orientation. Similarly, there are many heterosexual men whose occasional dalliances with other men do not make them "gay". His persistent refusal to acknowledge the most basic facts surrounding homosexuality, coupled with his constant references to how "living in San Francisco" makes him somehow an expert on gay behavior, makes his testimony on all aspects of homosexuality entirely unreliable.
4.15.2005 4:52pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
Sodomy Lover writes: "The U.S. Constitution does not address sodomy, but it does guarantee a right to liberty. Scalia thinks that people's liberties (including engaging in private consensual sodomy) should be subject to the calculus of electoral politics."

I hope that this isn't a surprise, but this guarantee of a right to liberty is far less broad than you think. Where, exactly, does this right come from? If it comes from the Ninth or Fourteenth Amendments, perhaps you can explain why 3/4 of the states ratified those amendments in 1791 and 1868, at a time when every state made sodomy a felony?

There might be an argument that these laws are stupid--but the Constitution does not prohibit the states from passing stupid laws. There are a few strict limits on what the states can do. They for practical purposes can't pass laws that discriminate based on race. (They theoretically could, but strict scrutiny effectively prohibits it.) But states retained so much authority to discriminate otherwise that in some respects, the Fourteenth Amendment was rendered null and void until the national will developed in the 1960s to do something about it.
4.15.2005 4:55pm
Joeyjojo:
It seems like noone actually cares about what Scalia actually thinks about sodomy. His view of the law is separate from that view. As he has said in interviews, he does not interpret the constitution based on what he opinions he carries on a subject. It also seems that noone bothered to read his dissent.

So, this rudeness from the students is really a pathetic yelp at what they see as the gross people who would pass such laws. They hate these people and see the judiciary as a tool of the elites (themselves). The purpose of the tool being to smite the ignorant views of these people. Scalia defends the right of the unwashed to actually vote and pass laws and that protection makes Scalia culpable as well.

This is about elitism versus democracy because, for the most part, a law should be viewed as legitimate because it was passed in a democratic manner.

To them, Scalia is a traitor to the elite class: those who are amazing enough to go to law school. and be gay.

Basically, these kids are rude and embarrasing to lawyers. I disliked my fellow law students because they did seem to think that they were there because they were special and that they were meant to change the world.

Anyway, these kids seem to think that by attacking Scalia they can change these laws. But they are illustrating their ignorance of how the law functions.
4.15.2005 5:02pm
Greg D (mail):
what Mr. Berndt describes as an "act of resistance" against Justice Scalia's refusal to recognize his dignity.

Well, Mr. Berndt's act demonstrated that he has no dignity, so there was nothing for Scalia to "recognize".

I wonder if any of his professors are interested in teaching him how to be a class act?
4.15.2005 5:05pm
Lilburne (mail):
The student's question is the equivalent of the guy asking Mike Dukakis in 1988: "Governor, if Kitty Dukakis were raped and murdered, would you favor an irrevocable death penalty for the killer?"

You can say that Dukakis or Scalia "asked for it" by advocating some particular position (against the death penalty or for the 10th Amendment prerogatives of the states).

But the fact is that we seem to have lost the art of insulting people without being rude.

I once witnessed a gay law professor question and challenge Scalia after a speech. I agree with much of Scalia's jurisprudence, but I had to admit the professor did a good job of exploring weaknesses in Scalia's positions. And the professor managed to do this without insulting Scalia *or* his wife!

If this is going to turn into an insult contest between Left and Right, how about some questions along the following lines for right-wing law students to ask visiting judges:

-Ask Justice Kennedy whether he would want his sister to marry Janet Reno.

-Ask Justice Ginsburg, "if a teenage punk killed your husband, would you change your mind about the death penalty for minors?"

-Ask Justice Souter whether he would want his daugher's teacher exercising his "constitutional right" to watch virtual child porn on the Internet.

What if Justice Scalia takes the advice of his critics and becomes an activist? Would his opponents like the results? If Scalia is persuaded that it's OK for a judge to write his own political beliefs into the law, then presumably Scalia would act on his Roman Catholic beliefs. Didn't Thomas Aquinas, or one of that crowd, say that sodomy is against the natural law? Therefore it must be unconstitutional, and the states must be obliged to ban it. All but 13 states had legalized consensual, private adult sodomy before the *Lawrence* decision, but what if Scalia decided that *all* states had an obligation to recriminalize the practice?
4.15.2005 5:15pm
Richard Fagin (attorney in Texas) (mail):
If Justice Scalia had been able to maintain his composure (I'm not saying that he should have been able to under the circumstances) he could have pointed out that the heckler's question was irrelevant, because even if the Justice had engaged in the conduct of the heckler's question, such conduct was not a crime under Texas law. Not only would that have shut the heckler up, it would have shown such command of the law that even the rest of the hostile audience members would have had to take notice.

Note to the rest of the readers - the Texas statute overturned in the Lawrence case only forbade "deviate sexual intercourse" between members of the same sex. Texas Penal Code secs. 21.01(1)(B) and 21.06(a).
4.15.2005 5:30pm
Henry Woodbury (mail):
I can't say I think much of Mr. Berndt for asking the question, nor can I see any reason for Justice Scalia to answer it. I've been to a number of lectures in which rude questions have been asked. Sometimes the speaker has had a clever response, sometimes not. It doesn't signify anything either way so far as I can see.

Most of the arguments in this thread defending Mr. Berndt present some variation on the idea that Justice Scalia deserved it. Perhaps he does, but I fail to see how vigilante rudeness can be considered an effective means of pursuing a larger goal.

Considering Mr. Berndt, so he was rude. So what? The idea that he deserves punishment is ludicrous.
4.15.2005 5:40pm
Dan Simon (www):
Is it my imagination, or has this conversation gotten, er, a bit bold?

Aah, that's better.

Anyway, Berndt's obviously not a very attentive law student, or he would have done the lawyerly thing, and asked if Scalia had stopped sodomizing his wife.
4.15.2005 5:44pm
Spencer:
A question more akin to the one asked would be:

"You say that non-white people are intellectually inferior. Do you think that your non-white wife is intellectually inferior?"

These questions should be asked.
4.15.2005 5:46pm
Gretchen Weiner (www):
Scalia has said, in official government documents, that gay sex is the equivalent of bestiality. Eric was responding to Scalia's inflammatory statements, which were made in a much more inappropriate setting, with another inflammatory comment. Is that so wrong?

If Scalia did not feel comfortable getting called out on being a bigot, a homophobe, and a name-caller, then he shouldn't have taken the argument there in any of his court decisions. Why didn't he make a rational and reasoned argument why there is a government interest in having gay sex? Because there isn't a rational and reasoned one. Lacking that, he took the issue into the gutter, and Mr. Berndt brought him back there at the NYU lecture.

http://queerjustice.blogspot.com
4.15.2005 5:49pm
lindenen (mail):
Anderson said much earlier in the topic:

Try out this hypothesis: "If it's too private to be asked about in public, it's too private to be legislated against."

I guess this would mean we should legalize rape and child molestation. Incest as well. Sheesh.

And I forget who this was:

"But, then, what if the student had asked, "Is it the State of New York's business whether you sodomize your wife?" This is slightly less confrontational, but makes the same point. J. Kennedy wrote in Lawrence that the answer to this question must be "no;" J. Scalia thought "yes."

Is it the State of New York's business whether you sodomize your daughter? Or some random woman you hit with a pipe in a back alley? Of course it is. The issue is where society chooses to draw the line. The Constituion says nil on these issues. It should be a state issue.

Berndt's question just showed that he has no class. I wouldn't be exactly proud to have a person like that as a son. I'm sure in his little circle he's some incredible celebrity right now.
4.15.2005 5:50pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
Prof. Cramer should be acknowledged as being right about something; I had confused the Texas and Mississippi statutes, the former of which did indeed prohibit only homosexual sodomy (hence Justice O'Connor's concurring opinion). Mea culpa.
4.15.2005 5:58pm
OrinKerr:
For the record, I don't think the nature of homosexuality is on-point for the purposes of this post. I don't see how it is at all relevant to the question of Justice Scalia's visit to NYU. Any posts about the "true nature" of homosexuality will (and in some cases already have been) deleted.
4.15.2005 6:01pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
Gretchen writes: "Scalia has said, in official government documents, that gay sex is the equivalent of bestiality."

In the sense that both has historically been criminal offenses (capital crimes in many states into the 19th century). To argue that what was a felony in 1791 (when the states ratified the Ninth Amendment), and 1868 (when the states ratified the Fourteenth Amendment), in every state in the U.S., should be understood as a constitutionally protected act, completely turns the interpretation of the Constitution on its head.

Is not every argument advanced in Lawrence equally applicable to child molestation? The laws prohibiting sexual contact with children are passed by the state legislatures in defense of a traditional Judeo-Christian notion of appropriate sexual relations. Not all countries use the same ages; in some European countries (the standard against which the majority judges our laws), these ages are sometimes much lower. What makes Lawrence's argument not applicable to polygamy, statutory rape, bestiality, or any other form of private, consensual sexual behavior?
4.15.2005 6:04pm
F. Chad Copier (mail):
If the Supreme Court had a history of simply ruling on the law and the Constitution instead of how they individually feel about a given issue, any discussion of whether or not J. Scalia was against sodomy would be irrelevant. Ironically, it is J. Scalia that wants to return to interpreting laws according to the Constitution instead of relying on "eminations of a penumbra" to legislate from the bench.

It amazes me that people would rather place their trust in 9 lawyers in black robes than several hundred elected officials accontable to the people.

If the people of Texas didn't like the anti-sodomy law, all they had to do was ask the legislature to change it.
4.15.2005 6:13pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
Understanding the historical context: since the Lawrence decision had what could only be called "law office history" about the history of sodomy laws, I have put together a collection of colonial sodomy statutes, here, with some examination of the error of Lawrence claims.
4.15.2005 6:14pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
Is not every argument advanced in Lawrence equally applicable to child molestation? The laws prohibiting sexual contact with children are passed by the state legislatures in defense of a traditional Judeo-Christian notion of appropriate sexual relations.

Um, no. Children, by definition, cannot consent to sexual relations. Nothing Judeo-Christian about it, unless Prof. Cramer believes that all other cultures encourage sex with children.

The definition of "child," of course, has changed over time, even in our Judeo-Christian civilization.

Lawrence might indeed support polygamy, which has scarcely ever been treated as an unspeakable crime; statutory rape and bestiality, by definition, cannot be "consensual."

The interesting problem after Lawrence, I think, is consensual sibling incest, which has a high "ick" factor ... but isn't quite something I can see imprisoning people for, either.

Back to relevance, I confess being disappointed that no one else on the thread took an interest in Roman Catholic teachings on sodomy and the possibility of Scalia's citing them. Christians should not be timid in advocating for their faith. (The speaker is Presbyterian by birth, Lutheran by marriage.) I wonder if Scalia wishes he'd relied on that? Difficult, of course, to come up with a good answer when you're blindsided.
4.15.2005 6:18pm
Addison DeWitt:
I tend to frame the issue as the freedom to do dumb things. Here I'm talking about the legislature in particular although I suppose that can also apply to Mr. Berndt's comments. The legislature passes plenty of laws that I would prefer they didn't but that does not make them unconstitional. The point in the Lawrence dissents, made more clearly by Justice Thomas was that being a "silly law" is not the same thing as being a constitutional law. I strongly oppose many of our policies on trade but that does not make it correct to challenge them constitutionally and if such a challenge was made I would oppose it. As Justice Scalia memorably put it in his concurrence in Cruzan, certain things "are neither set forth in the Constitution nor known to the nine Justices of this Court any better then they are known to nine people picked at random from the Kansas City telephone directory." A good reminder that when there is a problem the Supreme Court should not always be the answer.
4.15.2005 6:20pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
Anderson wrote: "Is not every argument advanced in Lawrence equally applicable to child molestation? The laws prohibiting sexual contact with children are passed by the state legislatures in defense of a traditional Judeo-Christian notion of appropriate sexual relations.
Um, no. Children, by definition, cannot consent to sexual relations. Nothing Judeo-Christian about it, unless Prof. Cramer believes that all other cultures encourage sex with children.

The definition of "child," of course, has changed over time, even in our Judeo-Christian civilization."

Why can't children consent to sexual relations? That's just an arbitrary rule, set at an arbitrary age (different in different states). Keep in mind that the ACLU has argued in a Kansas case that laws prohibiting sex with minors violate the constitutional rights of teenagers to sexual autonomy. The Kansas Supreme Court didn't buy it, fortunately, but I would like Anderson to explain why children can't consent to sexual relations. This is just another one of those narrow, bigoted rules that the state legislatures passed.

This may be a surprise to Anderson, but not all cultures regard children as off-limits for sex with adults. Australian aboriginal culture, I understand, would hand over girls at 12 or 13 to older men of the tribe for "instruction" in sex. (Yeah, purely done for her benefit, I'm sure!) Some New Guinea tribes, I have read, would auction off the deflowering of girls when they reached puberty. At least among some North American Indian tribes, captured girls were available pretty much regardless of age.
4.15.2005 6:27pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
Sigh. Mr. DeWitt, thanks for your remarks. But, suppose you lived in a small state with a homosexual majority, which then pronounced heterosexual intercourse illegal, and you were caught in the act of same before you'd moved to another state? You would really think the state had the right to criminalize your intimate relations with your wife?

The issue here, I guess, is whether the state has the right to do anything it wants unless the Constitution says otherwise, or whether the citizens have personal rights that the state can only infringe in pursuit of some general good.
4.15.2005 6:31pm
DavidL (mail):
I may disagree with Orin about whether the "nature of homosexuality" is on-topic. In light of Clayton Cramer's assertion that heterosexual married couples have an unquestioned right to privacy (which Justice Scalia, I'm sure, took for granted in his reaction to the questioner) while homosexuals do not, it would seem that at least Cramer believes that homosexuals have something in their nature that makes them so significantly different from heterosexuals that they have no constitutional right to expect that their sexual lives (unlike married heterosexual couples) might be entitled to privacy.

That's an enormously important distinction. I, for one, don't think there is such a significant difference. If there is a constitutional right to privacy, it should exist for any citizen, irrespective of sexual orientation. If there is no constitutional right to privacy, then it exists for no one, including Justice Scalia and his wife.

I think that was the nature of the question, however inartfully (and crassly) posed. Lesbians and gay men had been accustomed, every day of their lives, to having heterosexuals assume facts about their private sexual lives from the most innocuous evidence -- a mere statement of who they are dating, a photo on a desk at work, membership in a gay organization. The fact of being homosexual leads to a repulsion, not about the person, but about the imagined sexual acts that would or might occur in that person's private life. If not for that speculation, why on earth are some heterosexuals so appalled by the fact of homosexuality in the absence of any sexual evidence at all?

Such inappropriate speculation may be easing at last. But this question, posed to Justice Scalia, shows heterosexuals what it looks like. And it isn't easy to live with.
4.15.2005 6:33pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
I'm afraid we've wandered entirely away from the topic as defined by Prof. Kerr, but one more reply to Prof. Cramer:

This may be a surprise to Anderson, but not all cultures regard children as off-limits for sex with adults.

Depends on how you define "child." Children of 12 or 13 could be married in European nations not so long ago. I would submit, however, that very few cultures regard 7-year-olds (to pick a number) as fair game.

Children can't consent to sexual relations for the same reason they can't enter into contracts, vote, etc. The proper age limit is debatable, but the law is based on real-world qualities of children in general.

I suppose Prof. Cramer would say the same of anti-sodomy laws, but Prof. Kerr has snipped his remarks to that effect, so my retort is not entirely fair ... and rather than continue to go off-topic, I'll leave the issue of Mr. Berndt's question to Justice Scalia alone now, at least on this thread.
4.15.2005 6:36pm
Anonymous Law Student:
Whenever I hear about this kind of thing, I just get irritated.

It's the same with the various idiotic prote