Paperweights:
The American Heritage dictionary defines a "paperweight" as "a small, heavy, often decorative object that is placed on loose papers to hold them down." In popular usage, the word is most often mentioned in a joking way: if something is completely useless, you might joke that "you can always use it as a paperweight." The joke works in part because no one really uses paperweights these days. You just don't need a weight to hold down papers. Papers placed on a table or desk generally just sit there.

  So I wonder: Did people actually used to use paperweights, and if so, why? Were they just decorative, something used to show off the fact that you were literate and had paper? Or maybe they were more useful in an age before air conditioning and central heating, when you might expect more indoor air circulation that could blow your papers around? I looked around online, but I couldn't find anything directly on this. Any ideas?
Bleepless (mail):
When I was a kid, a mere [censored] years ago, I had and used a paperweight, my room being cooled by an open window. It was a tall, kitschy item featuring an oyster. My father bought it in Yokohama.
12.9.2006 6:12pm
FantasiaWHT:

Or maybe they were more useful in an age before air conditioning and central heating, when you might expect more indoor air circulation that could blow your papers around?


Stretching a bit, but maybe from a time before there were glass windows (or before they were cheap enough to be readily available)?

Guess not. Wikipedia says they were produced first in the mid-19th century. Something pretty to put on your desk, I guess!
12.9.2006 6:13pm
Dave Wangen (mail):
Back in the days when you opened a window to let the breeze in, and lit a fire in the hearth to warm a building, you probably got all kinds of drafts going through. I imagine paperweights would have been needed then.
12.9.2006 6:16pm
Jocelyn (mail) (www):
I expect that the paperweight originated as one of those marginally useless thotchkes that found itself a marketing niche. They probably made great gifts from the get-go, the fancier the better. Can anyone say "status symbol"?
12.9.2006 6:16pm
Ken Mitchell (mail):
Back in the era when "Windows" wasn't an operating system, "opening a window" involved sliding large slabs of class encased in wooden frames and hung with counterweights to expose large gaps in the walls to actual exterior weather, including a phenomenon called "wind". This "wind" could cause all manner of chaos on a carefully arranged - but unweighted! - stack of papers.
12.9.2006 6:17pm
Jeremy Pierce (mail) (www):
I'm guessing you've never tried to flip through a stack of papers outside or in a room with a fan.
12.9.2006 6:18pm
tsotha:
I imagine they were pretty much necessary in the days before central air. I like fresh air enough to open my bedroom window, and occasionally a gust of wind will lift this month's bills and deposit them in some unnoticed crevice.

If you work for PG&E what I really meant to say is "lost in the mail."
12.9.2006 6:20pm
R Gould-Saltman (mail):
My educated guess is that, along with the desk "spike", they were a necessity before common use of cheap staplers. If you were reading or writing a multi-page document, prior to the early 20th century, there wasn't a cheap convenient way to keep pages organized, other than pinning them together (usable staplers really came in in the 19-teens/20's, according to the history of the stapler on, (who else's?) Swingline's site.) So if you had loose pages sitting on your desk or table, and someone walked by quickly, or ,god forbid, opened a window, there went your collation!
12.9.2006 6:28pm
Guest44 (mail) (www):
The absence of staplers, holepunchers, binders, paperclips, etc. probably contributed, too.
12.9.2006 6:29pm
Guest44 (mail) (www):
pre-empted by RGS. *hattip*
12.9.2006 6:30pm
Jay Myers:
Even if your window was closed, houses during the gilded age were very draughty. Paperweights were neccessary in order to make sure that upon your return your papers would be as you had left them. There was also a love of collecting small, kitschy mementos and paperweights fit neatly into this niche.
12.9.2006 6:31pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
Sometimes in spring, summer, and fall, I leave the windows open at home--and I use paperweights to keep the papers from flying around. Even today!
12.9.2006 6:34pm
fishbane (mail):
I'm with Clayton. Being a fan of both fresh air and dead trees, I was given a pretty silver curvy thing that holds down loose leaves quite nicely. Sure, it is an affectation, but I like to look at it, even now in our bleak, horrible future.
12.9.2006 6:43pm
PeteRR (mail):
These days a useless object is known as a "boat anchor", as in, "All Chevy small blocks are boat anchors". This can lead to fistfights with humor-impaired Chevrolet owners, so beware.
12.9.2006 6:45pm
John (mail):
On the other point, I do remember when the Hubble Space Telescope was discovered to have a bad lens, some comedian referred to it as the Hubble Space Paperweight.
12.9.2006 7:01pm
joe (mail):
You say that "[t]he joke works in part because no one really uses paperweights these days."

I'm not that old, but I remember the saying back when people used paperweights. The basis for the "joke" isn't that people don't use paper weights anymore. It's because virtually anything can be used as a paperweight. If something was useful but later broke, it became a paperweight. If it was a Christmas present that you didn't want, you had a paperweight. In patent law, if you invented something and need to specify a utility to satisfy 35 USC 101, your invention could be a paperweight. ;-)

An interesting aspect of your post is, now that we don't use paperweights, I wonder if the saying will stick around.
12.9.2006 7:32pm
Sarah (mail) (www):
My grandmother loved leaving the windows open - she lived in Southern California, so this was easy to do ~10 months of the year. We therefore found paperweights highly useful; when I was a young kid I thought that weighted plush toys and bean bags in general were actually meant for that usage, and for years I used my cool piece of volcanic rock as my "random stack of school papers" weight.

In a related note, my sisters have three cats -- wind isn't the only thing that can ruin a nicely organized stack of paper.
12.9.2006 7:33pm
book reader (mail):
Orin, next you should do a post on one of the most useful items for anyone who reads, or works with texts or books: a book weight. They make great gifts and once a reader gets one they don't know how they managed without one.
12.9.2006 7:47pm
JTB:
joe has got to be right. The joke isn't that nobody uses paperweights anymore; the joke is that anything heavier than paper can be used as a paperweight. I offer no opinion on how funny the joke is.
12.9.2006 7:52pm
Sean O'Hara (mail):
Another use for paperweights is to get large pieces of paper, such as maps or blue prints, to lie flat after being folded or rolled up.
12.9.2006 7:53pm
Bill Poser (mail) (www):
Wow, I'm amazed that everyone thinks that paperweights are passe.I not only own one, I still use it. It is useful for keeping papers in place in case there is a draft or someone walks by or a pet or child touches them. I also use it to hold books open to the page I am reading from if I am copying something from a book. My usual paperweight is piece of green marble I got in Taiwan, about six inches long with felt on the bottom, but I also sometimes recruit an antique Chinese ink-box or a small pottery container of water (for mixing ink) for the purpose.
12.9.2006 7:55pm
Fingerprint File (mail):
Ahh, Saturday night at the VC. How did our lives all lead to this right here tonight?
12.9.2006 8:06pm
Brian Garst (www):
Not all useless things lend themselves to that joke. Unfortunately, Jimmy Carter cannot even be used as a paperweight.
12.9.2006 8:21pm
Glenn W. Bowen (mail):
I use a bread box.
12.9.2006 10:18pm
DougJ:
I used to work in a stuffy office that required the windows be open for there to be any kind of reasonable ventilation...and believe me, paperweights came in very handy. There's company in New Hampshire that makes hand-crafted ones in the likeness of each of the founding fathers. This being the holiday season, I can't think of a better present. I wish I could find a link.
12.9.2006 10:19pm
Parvenu:
I've found paperweights useful from time to time, too, often for holding open large rolled-up documents that would otherwise curl closed again as soon as one edge were released (e.g., maps). Of course, as joe noted, just about anything can be used as a paperweight, including mid-sized paperback books (which are, in essence, just stacks of paper held together by somewhat thicker paper).
12.9.2006 10:28pm
SlimAndSlam:
Glenn: This puts you in the (ever-diminishing) class of people who know, with some degree of certainty, whether something is bigger than a breadbox.

(I myself am not one of those people. If confronted with the question, I try to remember the size of my toaster oven, and guess off of that.)

(See also: this post.)
12.9.2006 10:29pm
David Chesler (mail) (www):
Thanks Slim -- I was about to ask Glenn just how big his is. (I'm not that old, but I listened to my parents and my grandparents.)

I actually own a breadbox -- I took it from my mother, asking her a great many times how big it was -- planning to use it to hold bread, but it ended up taking up too much room on the counter. It's a nice enameled metal thing.

We've got a few paperweights -- my father's favorite is blown glass, and we've got some ceramic things. Like others said, useful when the window is open or a fan is blowing. I still open windows, but I have fewer papers. Or maybe not, but the papers I have are secondary to the computer.

I did have a master cylinder for a while that I was using to hold a door open.

Desk blotters anyone? Addiators?

But there is still no better mechanical pencil than the 0.046 inch (1.1 mm), especiall the Norma 4-color. (My father is fond of his stapler that cuts staples from a spool of wire, but that's too old-school for me.)
12.9.2006 10:42pm
Dave Hardy (mail) (www):
Reminds me of the publisher's jargon for a book/script submitted out of the blue, without proposal or inquiry letter -- it's an "over the transom" submission. Transoms being those little windows, adopt the office door, that were left open for ventilation. Presumably at some point in time an author submitting papers out of the blue simply pitched the package thru the transom.
12.9.2006 10:51pm
Lev:
I have used paperweights regularly in a modern office building with windows that open and non hurricane airconditioning.

I place them on top of stacks of paper relating to different subjects so that the stacks do not get shuffled together and so that nothing is added to a stack without my placing it there. One paperweight per stack.
12.9.2006 11:47pm
marghlar:
These days a useless object is known as a "boat anchor", as in, "All Chevy small blocks are boat anchors". This can lead to fistfights with humor-impaired Chevrolet owners, so beware.

Argh! That really annoys me. A good anchor is possibly one of the most useful things on a boat. And before you rejoin with the fact that what makes those items useful as anchors is their dead weight, remember that a good anchor doesn't weigh that much -- it's value is in its shape, which makes it good for digging into rocks/sand/mud/grass etc. and holding on.

Now, maybe "boat mooring" wouldn't have the same ring to it, but it's the more accurate usage. In fact, people often use old enginge blocks as makeshift moorings.
12.10.2006 1:07am
BruceM (mail) (www):
Back before the days of air conditioning all office buildings had open windows during the summer. A paperweight was as indispensible as a stapler back then. Air conditioning made it so that windows are not opened in offices very often (especially in high rise office skyscrapers where it's not even an option), so paperweights had absolutely no use.
12.10.2006 2:01am
Elliot123 (mail):
Enginering ofices have paperweights all over the place. ever try to keep a drawing flat after it has been rolled up for a few years?
12.10.2006 2:12am
Syd (mail):
Don't forget the traditional use of heavy paperweights to dent people's skulls in detective novels. It's getting hard to find a poker when you need one.
12.10.2006 2:16am
jvarisco (www):
I am not sure that paperweights are necessarily useless; people seldom leave papers loose on desks. Instead, they will have trays, clips, etc. While wind may not blow stuff, it is easy to bump into a desk, etc. and if papers are just strewn all over that is a good recipe for chaos.
12.10.2006 2:40am
Sudha Shenoy (mail):
Surely there are parts of the US where fans were &still are, used regularly? Ceiling, floor, table fans? Impossible (in these circs) to work with papers but without paperweights.
12.10.2006 3:00am
marghlar:
Last summer, I worked at a firm in a landmark building that has very poor heat control. I had a west facing window. Around four pm everyday, I thought very seriously about buying a fan (the temps often rose above 80 in there). If I had yielded to temptation, surely paperweights wouldn't have been far behind (although in an age of staples, they probably wouldn't be as necessary as they once were).
12.10.2006 3:37am
tsotha:
Syd,

Fear not. With all the junk mail clogging our mailboxes the trusty letter opener is always at hand.
12.10.2006 3:41am
Foobarista:
Some other similar ideas from computerdom:

1. Space heater, a name for an old, obsolete computer.
2. Crabcage, a name for an obsolete computer case (ie, one that doesn't easily fit current motherboards or power supplies).

Where I live, it's not consistently hot in the summer so houses typically don't have air conditioning, but it can get hot occasionally. So, people are likely to use fans and open windows in the evening, so paperweights are useful. I had never thought of paperweights as obsolete for this reason...
12.10.2006 5:20am
Poole:
Speaking of staplers, the company I work for was still using teh wire spool staplers into the 1960s. I believe they used a spool of copper wire.

We stil have old documents that were stapled by one of those staplers.
12.10.2006 8:11am
raj (mail):
A stapler, book, high-intensity lamp, or other heavy object will do just as well as a paperweight as a small decorative object. And they will retain their original utilities when they are no longer needed to hold papers in place.
12.10.2006 9:57am
OregonJon (mail):
Before I retired the Middle East and South Asia were part of my territory. Our Karachi office had no airconditioning, a staff of 50, a dozen ceiling fans and every desk had one or more paperweights, all identical. I ask our manager if they had an extra one. It graces my desk today.
12.10.2006 10:15am
dvorak:
Perhaps it is the decline of letter writing?

http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/barker/hist_pw.php
(second paragraph)
12.10.2006 10:47am
logicnazi (mail) (www):
Many commenters correctly point out that weights are still needed to hold down paper at some times. While this observation is no doubt correct my sense is that paperweight usage has dropped much farther than the need to hold down paper. In fact if we didn't have a paperweight tradition that encouraged buying them as gifts or souvenirs I'm skeptical they would be sold at all.

If I had to guess I would chalk up the decline in the use of paperweights to the following two factors in addition to those already cited.

1) An increase in the number of desktop/household 'cruft' such as staplers, lamps, ashtrays, pictures, letter boxes, cheap spare books, clocks, etc.. I suspect before the heyday of mass produced consumer goods there just weren't as many handy objects to hold your paper down with.

2) Threshold demand for paperweights. You don't need dedicated paperweights until the number of documents needing to be held down drops below the number of convenient cruft you have to hold it down. Since the advent of the computer, cheap stapling, central air, decreased use of (large) parchments that role up and all the other reasons cited above we've pushed down the need for paperweights down far enough that it can usually be handled by miscellaneous objects.
12.10.2006 11:17am
Bill Harshaw (mail) (www):
Before staplers and paperclips there was nothing to hold papers together?? Wrong--there was red tape. See
12.10.2006 12:19pm
BobNSF (mail):
Not only was indoor weather more turbulent back in the day, people had far fewer storage options. Wealthy people and executives could afford the money and space for rolltop desks, but most made do with stacks of paper and stacked stacks, at that. Also, the interior turbulence wasn't all caused by the weather outside. Work spaces and homes were far, far more crowded, with co-workers and/or children bumping into one's table or whooshing by in a hurry. Think Dickens.
12.10.2006 12:32pm
BobNSF (mail):
Paperweight vs. stapler??? The stapler is a paperweight.
12.10.2006 12:34pm
Speedwell (mail):
Being that unsung form of engineer, a seamstress, I find paperweights handy to hold pattern sheets down on fabric for cutting. They don't poke holes in the pattern, don't distort the fabric, and don't jump under expensively sharpened shears at unexpected times.
12.10.2006 12:43pm
Pyrthroes (mail):
Completing a 180,000 word literary project, and before that designing indicators for "quant model" hedge funds, I find that half or more of one's ideas surface in "manual" (pencil and paper) mode. For all their powers, computers are but very fancy tools... paperweights in this context are crucial. Not only that, clips and holders of various sizes are indispensable to organizing and filing hard-copy manuscripts, the kind that survive crashing hard-drives, snooping interlopers, self-arrogating surveillance agents of every stripe.

"Paperweight" is shorthand for old-style survival mechanisms. Any who presume no use for such pure physical objects engage either in pro forma, rote activities, or invite serious disruption of ongoing projects. Using any computer, it is essential to recall that, first, you have exactly zero privacy, and second, that anything you do or say constitutes arbitrary grounds for confiscation if not prosecution. No serious individual would risk such abusive violations for a second.
12.10.2006 1:03pm
Mho (mail):
In our wired household, the American Heritage Dictionary is a paperweight.
12.10.2006 2:24pm
arbitraryaardvark (mail) (www):
Paperweights were often collectible art objects, handmade glass, sometimes with something in the middle.
12.10.2006 2:52pm
Jocelyn (mail) (www):
Does anyone else remember making paperweights in Arts and Crats at camp? In our 150+ year old building on campus, we find the bits of slate that fall from the roof to be very handy as paperweights. If you ever read reproductions of documents that have been printed from old microfilm, a magnifying glass in the shape of the traditional paperweight can come in very handy as well.
12.10.2006 5:22pm
Bill Bridge (mail):
What else is an Imac for?
12.10.2006 5:29pm
jc:
At my firm, each secretary is assigned to four lawyers and on the ledge above his/her desk is a paperweight for each (with the respective lawyer's name on it), under which other lawyers can leave documents if that lawyer's door is shut or s/he is on the phone. I really like my paperweight.
12.10.2006 5:36pm
Connie (mail):
Jerry Seinfeld answers your question with more questions: "And where are these people working that the papers are just blowing right off of their desks anyway? Is their office screwed to the back of a flatbed truck going down the highway or something? Are they typing up in the crow's nest of a clipper ship?"
12.10.2006 5:52pm
Edward A. Hoffman (mail):
I'm an appellate lawyer, and I spend a lot of my time reviewing documents that have been fastened together in file folders. These documents tend to flip closed when I put them down unless I put something on them to hold my place. The same is true of bound transcripts of depositions and trials.

I have a paperweight or two on my desk, but I usually just use whatever bulky object is at hand (usually a book or a notepad) instead of searching for them.
12.11.2006 1:27am
A.C.:
Paperweights are also handy to make sure things you have just glued dry flat.

And I'm in agreement with whoever brought up cats. Breeze is an issue during part of the year for me, but cats are a constant threat to my organizational schemes.
12.11.2006 8:55am
dexev (mail):
For all the other geeks drooling over the thought of a wire-spool stapler. (I can't be the only one!)
12.11.2006 12:46pm
Apodaca:
One point apparently lost on Generation Whippersnapper:

Back in the Darke Tymes before computers, printers, and cheap, widespread xerography, the way you kept a duplicate of a document was to make one or more carbon copies when the document was typed up. These copies were typically not on standard 20lb bond, but rather on gossamer-light onionskin, which moves with the slightest air current.
12.11.2006 2:48pm
Gaius Obvious (mail):
I worked with some documents from the 1920s recently and the multi-page documents were all held together by a straight pin in the corner instead of a staple.
12.11.2006 6:00pm
Aaron:
Does scroll lock serve the same purpose as a paperweight now-a-days?
12.11.2006 6:02pm
Hugh59 (mail) (www):
I am using paperweights RIGHT NOW! Well...I was using them when I left work last night. I have large files that are bound together with clips at the top. I don't dare disassemble them, so if I want them to stay open to a certain page, I use a PAPERWEIGHT.

My preferred paperweight is a concrete plug cut by building maintenance when they were drilling holes in the floor to run wiring. Of course, I always have this fear that someday they will cut one plug too many and the Rhodes Office Tower in downtown Columbus, Ohio will come crumbling down.
12.12.2006 6:09am
Visitor Again:
I am old, from the days of carbon copies even, but have adapted fairly well, if kicking and screaming a bit, to word processing and computers. I held out until 1994. I no longer hand write my briefs on my beloved long yellow pads, although I still use those pads for taking notes. But I still use paperweights--not just because of wind from open windows or fan, me or others possibly toppling the pile of papers, an earthquake shuffling things up a bit, and other factors mentioned above, but because it's how I organize papers dealing with different matters--one pile (one hopes only one) per matter. I don't want these piles getting mixed up somehow. I don't like those tray stacks as organizers for lots of reasons.

For the past 30 years, my favorite paperweight has been an ice hockey puck bearing the emblem of the Montreal Canadiens, my club for more than half a century, before they became the greatest team in NHL history.
12.12.2006 9:44am
Guest2 (mail):
it's how I organize papers dealing with different matters--one pile (one hopes only one) per matter. I don't want these piles getting mixed up somehow.

Same here. I have six paperweights in use this way right now. They are decorative, but they also serve a purpose -- making sure that each pile remains intact and in place.

BTW, for holding open transcripts and bound files, I highly recommend Levenger book weights.
12.12.2006 11:36am