The Volokh Conspiracy

"Isn't a Word":

Every so often I run across commenters, on this blog and on others, complaining that something "isn't a word" -- thus, for instance, a few minutes ago a commenter posted, in response to a post that mentioned "copyeditors,"

Uh... "copyeditor" isn't a word.

Uh, check here (which commenter Steve P. promptly did, and promptly posted about). Likewise, a blogger who was unhappy with InstaPundit's reference to "beclowning" asked, "Why are people making up words?" (He later retracted the question; thanks to Tim Blair for the tip.) See also this apparent attempt to deny the wordosity of "childlike."

I don't want to get in to the prescriptivist/descriptivist debate here; for now, can I simply ask that, if people want to claim that something "isn't a word" -- not just is an ugly word, but isn't a word at all -- or that someone is "making up words," they just do a bit of checking? I can understand how someone can miss "beclown," which doesn't show up in onelook, though it's in the less easily available Oxford English Dictionary. But a onelook.com query or a dictionary.com query will quickly find "copyeditor." It just helps to do a little fact-checking lest you -- well, you know.

anonVCfan:
After Beavis and Butthead was cancelled in 1997, I assumed that correcting people by starting with "uh...." would eventually fade away.

I'm sad to see that it apparently hasn't. It's even more awkward in text than it is in person.
2.27.2007 2:16pm
CEB:
An interesting--and paradoxical--inquiry. For example: "besquablimorg." Would you say that it's not a word, or that it's a word I just made up? I suppose one could argue that it's not a word, because it doesn't mean anything, but then does it become a word once I come up with a definition?
2.27.2007 2:18pm
anonVCfan:
That's not interesting at all.
2.27.2007 2:20pm
CEB:
Uh..., I was saying that the subject EV brought up was interesting, not my example.
2.27.2007 2:24pm
MT:
Sometimes we just don't like a word. Like people on ESPN using "trickeration" rather than "trickery." It just sounds dumb.
2.27.2007 2:30pm
BobNSF (mail):

It just helps to do a little fact-checking lest you — well, you know.


Indeed!

:-)

Seriously, as the author of the "isn't a word" post, I expect copy editors to lean toward the formal and traditional, especially when flogging their services to academmics.

P.S. to anon: My "uh" wasn't Beavisian. I never watch that show. I actually say "uh". I'm not proud of it and would never use it in serious writing, but I do say it. Its use here was meant to convey a bit of light-hearted irony in an all-text medium. As the Buttheadians no doubt say, dude, lightenup!
2.27.2007 2:30pm
James Dillon (mail):
It seems a bit silly for "copyeditor" to be a single word, but who are we to argue with dictionary.com? My pet peeve du jour is "relevancy," which, while having sufficiently widespread acceptance to qualify as "a word," grates on my nerves to no end, since "relevance" means the same thing and doesn't make the speaker sound like he or she is trying to show off.
2.27.2007 2:40pm
uh clem (mail):
After Beavis and Butthead was cancelled in 1997, I assumed that correcting people by starting with "uh...." would eventually fade away.

uh ... starting a statement with "uh" predates Beavis and Butthead by at least several decades.
2.27.2007 2:44pm
frankcross (mail):
I'm challenging "wordosity"
2.27.2007 2:45pm
Antares79:
A logomachy about "wordosity"? It doesn't get much more meta.
2.27.2007 2:49pm
BobNSF (mail):

...but who are we to argue with dictionary.com?


Well, we would be individuals more likely to be employed as copy editors for the OED, for one.
2.27.2007 2:50pm
Dave Wangen (mail):
"Did you understand what I meant?"

"Well, yes, but..."

"Then it's a word. Now stop bothering me."

(Yes, that's my definition of "word", and yes, that's what I have actually told people who complain.)
2.27.2007 2:51pm
rbj:
Boy, if someone doesn't like "copyeditor" they must really hate Shakespeare -- he made up words all the time.
2.27.2007 2:58pm
Federal Dog:
Sometimes you've got to make up words just for strategery's sake.
2.27.2007 2:58pm
Houston Lawyer:
I have no issue with made up words, so long as I can understand them. Often, they are very helpful. Using a word incorrectly is much more annoying.
2.27.2007 3:06pm
Shake-N-Bake:
Come on, what's wrong with using such perfectly cromulent words?
2.27.2007 3:08pm
Adeez (mail):
Two terms constantly stated in law school and by others who wanna sound smart: "per se," "i.e.," and "apropros."

The misuses:
stating "per se" when one really means precisely or exactly
stating "i.e." when one means "for example"
stating "apropros" when one means appopriate.

Petty, I know. But these terms are so often misused. And I guess it bothers me so much b/c people use them often just to sound smart (esp. apropros), which is one of the many reasons why people hate lawyers in the first place.
2.27.2007 3:08pm
Eugene Volokh (www):
Frank Cross: As I hope you gathered, "wordosity" was a little joke.
2.27.2007 3:23pm
uh clem (mail):
Two terms constantly stated in law school and by others who wanna sound smart: "per se," "i.e.," and "apropros."

There are three kinds of people in the world: those who can count, and those who can't.
2.27.2007 3:27pm
Kent Scheidegger (mail) (www):
Every word wasn't a word at some point. "Chortle" wasn't a word until Lewis Carroll made it up (along with a lot of others) in Jabberwocky. It's in my dictionary.

http://www.jabberwocky.com/carroll/jabber/jabberwocky.html
2.27.2007 3:34pm
JEB:
My new favorite word is "beshit", which beats "beclown" all to pieces. I discovered it in a review of a biography of William Hogarth in the Daily Telegraph.

2.27.2007 3:39pm
John Burgess (mail) (www):
Azeez: I'd be concerned about the numeracy of your law school... "Two terms"?
2.27.2007 3:39pm
Adeez (mail):
OK duckies: I was gonna list two and then thought of another. So yes, I added the other w/o changing my preface. Can you forgive me?
2.27.2007 3:45pm
Owen Hutchins (mail):
Of course we can make up words. Where else are we going to get them? I have a copy of the Miriam-Webster from 1909; oddly enough, "astronaut", "internet", and "videotape" are not in it.
2.27.2007 3:54pm
Jake (Guest):

There are three kinds of people in the world: those who can count, and those who can't.
As computer programmers know, there are actually 10 kinds of people. Those who count in binary, and those who don't.

I support the general sentiment that made up words are much less annoying than misused words. The one that kills me is the use of "begs the question" to mean "raises the question". At least a made up word can embiggen your vocabulary.
2.27.2007 3:55pm
John M. Perkins (mail):
To JEB:
Check this Tuesday Lyric
Whaz 'Zat by Shawn Phillips
http://www.etsmtl.ca/pers/jboisono/shawnphillips/ra/
add file extension because of the 60 character limitation
whazzat.ram

Remember in Westlaw, search:
copy-editor
to get all forms.

In LEXIS, search:
copy editor or copyeditor
to get all forms.
2.27.2007 3:58pm
AppSocRes (mail):
A useful and effective neologism is a contribution to the language and human culture, a poor and useless one and ignorant misuse of existing words beshits us all.
2.27.2007 4:02pm
Sasha Volokh (mail) (www):
James Dillon: Relevancy doesn't just have "sufficiently widespread acceptance to qualify as 'a word'" -- it may predate "relevance" by about 170 years. The OED has "relevancie" in 1561 and "relevancy" in 1575-76 (as a legal term -- it was apparently big in Scottish law, laddie!), and in more general use on several occasions in the 19th and 20th centuries, including once in 1980 in the Times Literary Supplement ("A tendency to confuse relevancy with recency").

"Relevance," on the other hand, the OED only has starting in 1733 (also in a Scottish law report!).

Now the OED doesn't know everything (as I've posted on a few occasions). And it does say that "relevance" is now in more common usage than "relevancy." Nonetheless, it's not like "relevancy" is some made up pretentious neologism.

See also the musical 1776: "Vote yes, vote yes, vote for independency!" -- a word actually seen in the letters of John Adams and in various sources in the 19th century.

Adeez: Apropos does indeed have a meaning close to "appropriate." Or, as the OED puts it: "B. adj. To the point or purpose; having direct reference to the matter in hand; pertinent, opportune, 'happy.'" For instance, see Disraeli (1826): "Is there not a passage in Spix apropos to this?"
2.27.2007 4:03pm
Richard Gould-Saltman (mail):

I'll gladly use "trickeration", which I looks like an intensified form, like "Botheration!"

Of course, I also distinguish between "a scam" and "the scam-ola".

From such cromulent detritus of popular culture is language made. W.S. provided the Warner Brothers' cartoons, or "Simpsons", of his day...

. . . and when I saw "beclown", I also immediately remembered seeing "beshit" somewhere, and having latched on to it and used it since. I have this vague recollection of a sentence ending " . . . and he was in a trice beshit!", which sounds like Chaucer, or Rabelais, but is apparently neither. . . Barth maybe?
2.27.2007 4:09pm
neurodoc:
Damage to a certain areas of the brain, usually on the left side, can cause aphasia (impaired comprehension and/or production of language). People with some types of aphasia often misname things and come out with "words" of their own creation, which are termed "neologisms."

relevance/relevancy: My OED accepts both, but seems to prefer "relevancy," since it defines "relevance" as "relevancy," then expands on the latter of the two, noting that the latter is used in legal contexts. So is there some authority to support "relevance" over "relevancy"?

not a word: Rather than come up with a new word, there are some who simply take existing words and insist like Humpty Dumpty on assigning new meanings to them and maintain that those new meanings are correct.
2.27.2007 4:16pm
Fowler:
A nit, a palpable nit, but it's "apropos," not "apropros." Also, since the adjectival definition is "pertinent" or "to the point," "appropriate" doesn't seem so egregious a misuse. Perhaps the context was more disturbing. In any event, I keep my powder dry for bigger blunders, such as "begs the question" for "raises the question," or (in judicial opinions) "forego" for "forgo."
2.27.2007 4:17pm
neurodoc:
apropos "not a word," how about neologisms that are inherently tendentious, like "Islamophobia"? Adopt them and you have bought an implicit argument.
2.27.2007 4:19pm
Paddy O. (mail):
I like to make up words too. I'm gunning for a cite in the OED 200 years from now.
2.27.2007 4:22pm
neurodoc:
Fowler, I don't suppose you are the famous lexicographer Fowler, whom William Safire so often cites for authority on word matters.
2.27.2007 4:22pm
jallgor (mail):
I know it's a bit off topic but I have found my fellow lawyers have an annoying habit of saying "to the extent that" when they really mean "if." But what's really scary is that I have found myself starting to do it. Am I being brainwashed?
2.27.2007 4:28pm
Charlie (Colorado) (mail):
The obvious answer to "that's not a word" is "it is now."
2.27.2007 4:32pm
neurodoc:
Paddy O., you have reminded me that I once made up a new word for a journal article and saw it published. The word was "dacrystic" to describe the rare phenomenon of forced epileptic crying. (Forced epileptic laughter, "gelastic," is not so rare.) Offered it to an American editor of the OED as a new word and he was interested, but I didn't follow through on my promise to forward him the article. (A friend with a PhD in classics had suggested "dacrystic" based on the Greek for "tear" to combine with "epilepsy," a word derived from Greek also. I felt superior to another author who published on this phenomenon at the same time calling it "iquordian epilepsy," combining a word derived from Latin with the one of Greek origin.)
2.27.2007 4:32pm
Spartacus (www):
One that annoys me, and is often used at institutions of higher learning to express what happens at orientations, is the assertion that people get "orientated" rather than simply oriented. I know it's in the dictionary, but it certainly seems like unnecessarily polysyllabic backformation from orientation.
2.27.2007 4:43pm
Fowler:
Spartacus, I couldn't agree more. I also dislike utilize for use.
2.27.2007 4:49pm
Ellen:
A word I dislike is "crispy." I have never figured out what it means that "crisp" does not.
2.27.2007 4:57pm
Federal Dog:
I hate "societal" (as opposed to social). Very snotty sounding.
2.27.2007 5:05pm
Mark Field (mail):
Another annoyance: "pressurized" used to mean "pressured". As in "he was pressurized to decide quickly".
2.27.2007 5:27pm
Sasha Volokh (mail) (www):
Jallgor: "To the extent that" expresses a little bit that "if" doesn't. "If you act in a particular way, you're crazy" sounds like acting in that way is either on or off, in which either you're crazy or you're not.

But say people are on a continuum, where they only act that way 20% of the time or are only 20% likely to act that way. And suppose you think the craziness of such people is also on a continuum. So, for instance, if you act this way 20% of the time, you're only 20% crazy. Then you can say "To the extent you act this way, you're crazy," and it really means something different.
2.27.2007 5:58pm
Ryan Holiday (mail) (www):
That post made me laugh much harder than it should of.

If you've read The War of Art by Steven Pressfield, he talks about how people who criticize inconsequential details are really just proving that they don't have anything substantial to discuss. And honestly, whose time is worth so little that they care about a possible space between copy and editor?
2.27.2007 6:45pm
Ron Hardin (mail) (www):
The bewording of copyeditor.
2.27.2007 7:16pm
Steveo987 (mail):
Fowler-
I think utilized is the most over-used word in the language. Rarely necessary, yet omnipresent. I think many people use the word to make themselves sound more sophisticated--ironically, it has the opposite effect.

Incentivize is another word that is rarely appropriate. I understand it might be something of a term of art in Economics, but in ordinary writing, it just makes the author seem like a douchebag.
2.27.2007 8:24pm
Taltos:
What irks me are words that have had their meanings changed over time to the point where they often mean something completely different. Awesome, incredible, pretend, fantastic, just to name a few.
2.27.2007 8:39pm
Sasha Volokh (mail) (www):
What irks me is how people just make up neologisms rather than use the good traditional words that are perfectly available. Plus, rather than learn proper English, they mangle the language in ways that "simplify" grammar and spelling, and this is drifting into the written language too. They don't even recognize good grammar and spelling and traditional words if they see them written on the page!

In fact, just the other day, when I tried to use perfectly good English, to wit: "Hwæt! Wé Gárdena in géardagum þéodcyninga þrym gefrúnon, hú ðá æþelingas ellen fremedon" -- no one knew what I was talking about!

Damn kids.
2.27.2007 9:47pm
Taltos:
I always thought Beowulf was a bit boring.
2.27.2007 11:41pm
Jmaie (mail):
Usage of words like cromulent makes me feel crapulent. Beshite the lot 'o ye.
2.28.2007 12:42am
gravytop (mail) (www):
To Jake: the use of "beg the question" to mean "raise the question" has bothered me ever since I first noticed a TV journalist use the expression that way a few years ago. I thought it was a one-off blunder, but this neo-usage has exploded in popularity. I guess "begs the question" sounds more hi-falutin. It bothers me because we are being robbed of a useful expression which has few if any succinct equivalents. "Raises the question" can be said in a number of other ways. Outrage.
2.28.2007 1:07am
Federal Dog:
"Hwæt! Wé Gárdena in géardagum þéodcyninga þrym gefrúnon, hú ðá æþelingas ellen fremedon"


God bless. It's been years since I taught Beowulf. And it's not boring.
2.28.2007 6:36am
steve (mail):
What's the matter with wordmakingup? Or wordupmaking for you purists?
2.28.2007 7:14am
neurodoc:
Can someone help me with these words:

sanction. This word has two diametrically opposite meanings. To "sanction" something or someone may mean either to approve or to disapprove and maybe punish.
Are there other words with diametrically opposite meanings so that it is necessary to hear/read them in context in order to know the intended meaning? What words?

colorable. Black's defines "colorable" as "that which is in appearance only, and not in reality, hence counterfeit, feigned, having the appearance of truth." That doesn't sound good, does it? But of "colorable claim," Black's notes that "(i)n bankruptcy law, a claim made by one holding the property as an agent or bailee of the bankrupt; a claim in which as a matter of law, there is no adverseness." "Colorable" is not the equivalent of "bogus" or "counterfeit" there and doesn't sound necessarily bad. Whenever I have heard a lawyer speak of a "colorable" claim, though, it has been to say in effect that there is neither a slam-dunk winner, nor a handsdown loser here, but rather a claim that is not so self-evidently lacking in merit that it should never be pursued, one that could turn out in the end to be a winner.
How do others understand/use "colorable"?
2.28.2007 11:27am
jallgor (mail):
Sasha,
That's my point. Lawyers often use "to the extent that" when they really just mean "if" As you note, "to the estent that" has a specific use and is not synonomous with "If." Lawyers seem to just like the way it sounds and use it as a replacement for "If."
2.28.2007 12:31pm
R:
I'm surprised no one's brought up "irregardless" yet. It's always sounded a bit irretarted to me.
2.28.2007 2:17pm
R:
Wow. I managed to misspell "irretarded." I'm surprised it's not Thursday. I never could get the hang of Thursdays.
2.28.2007 2:21pm
James Dillon (mail):

Nonetheless, it's not like "relevancy" is some made up pretentious neologism.

I didn't mean to suggest that it was, though I can see how my comment might have given that impression. I still dislike that form of the word intensely, though. I'm also in agreement with Jake and gravytop about the dilution of "beg the question."
2.28.2007 3:21pm
markm (mail):
Using a word incorrectly is much more annoying.

Quite correct. Two phrases that will make me cringe:
"Flaunt the law."
"Tow the line".

Some other malapropisms have already been mentioned.

However, I am not always OK with neologisms, no matter how clear the meaning. If it describes something really new, then new words are needed. If the new word is not only easy to understand, but more brief and eloquent than anything already in the language, that's great; if "beclown" and "beshit" hadn't already existed, I hope someone would have invented them. OTOH, unneeded multi-syllabic synonyms for common words, and pretentiously overelaborated words make me suspect one is trying to cover up a lack of worthwhile content.

Finally, if you invent a new form of a word just because you lack the flexibility to use a different sentence structure to fit the existing forms ("incentivize"), you'd better do it sparingly. (So what's the difference between "beclown" and "incentivize", that one strikes me as perfect while the other roils my intestines? Number of syllables or that only "incentivize" usually comes out in clumsy business-speak that sounds as if one started talking before one worked out the end of the sentence?)
2.28.2007 3:39pm
Jiffy:
"Tow the line" is really just a misspelling. Something which, on principal, I never criticize.
3.1.2007 12:22am
DJR:
Do you criticize spelling when you're not bediddlifying the headmaster?
3.1.2007 7:40am
lucia (mail) (www):
"Tow the line" is an "eggcorn".
3.1.2007 10:05am
Stan Morris (mail):
I did not notice this thread until the morning, 1 March. You all are befarking up my workday and it's unfair. The same result would have happened irregardless of the time of day.
3.1.2007 10:36am