The Volokh Conspiracy

Concealed Carry News Story:

From the Cleveland Plain Dealer:

Damon Wells ... had a permit to carry his gun, and he had the gun on him when a pair of teenage thieves approached him Saturday night on his front porch.

When one of the youths pulled a gun, Wells whipped out his and shot one of the boys multiple times in the chest, police said.

Arthur Buford, 15, died after stumbling away and collapsing on a sidewalk near East 134th Street and Kinsman Road.

City prosecutors decided Monday that Wells, 25, was justified and would not be charged for what appears to be the first time a concealed-carry permit holder has shot and killed an attacker....

It's unfortunate that the teenager involved in the gun robbery died, but it strikes me that Wells was entirely entitled to do what he did, and that it's good that the law lets people protect themselves, including using deadly force, against gun-wielding assailants. "His cousin, Tameka Foster, 21, questioned why police refused to punish Buford's shooter. 'They let that man run out freely,' Foster said. 'My cousin is dead.'" He wouldn't have been dead if he hadn't been involved in robbing people at gunpoint.

By the way, did Wells need a permit to have the gun while on his porch? Having such a permit increased his chances that he'd have his gun on him there, since it would have made it easier for him to routinely carry the gun, without having to safely store it whenever he wanted to leave the house; but is such a permit legally required to carry on one's own porch?

The answer is not clear. Ohio Rev. Code § 2923.12(D)(3) allowed concealed carry without a license "in the actor's own home"; the question would be whether being on the front porch is being "in the actor's own home." State v. Higgins, 2006 WL 134815 (Ohio. App.), suggests that being on the front porch wouldn't qualify as being in the home, and that a concealed carry license would thus be required there; State v. Hayes, 1992 WL 357257 (Ohio. App.), holds that a concealed carry license is required to carry concealed in one's own back yard. But these are nonprecedential, unpublished decisions; I know of no published Ohio decisions on the subject.

Thanks to Trevor Stiles with the pointer.

NickM (mail) (www):
Why is it unfortunate that the gun-wielding teenage robber died?

That's one less highly dangerous violent criminal that the people of Cleveland have to fear, and one more reason for other criminals to not commit armed robbery or similar dangerous crimes.

Nick
4.24.2007 3:07pm
Yankev (mail):
There is a published Ohio Supreme Court or Court of Appeals case that holds there is no duty to retreat before using deadly force when one is attacked in the common staircase of the building where one lives. (Sorry, I do not have the citation or title handy.) There is such a duty in Ohio outside of the actor's home. An argument could be made by analogy, but I am not aware of a published decision either way.

Predictably, the Columbus NPR affiliate led its local news this morning by reporting that a Cleveland man who holds a ccw permit had used a handgun to shoot and kill a man, only gradually adding that the "victim" was on the man's front porch, and then that the victim and a companion had tried to rob the man, and -- only toward the end of the story -- that the robber had pulled a handgun.
4.24.2007 3:17pm
Bill Poser (mail) (www):
Is it actually clear that Wells had the weapon concealed on his person? If he lived in a dangerous area I could imagine him sitting with his gun in his lap or on a table next to him or something like that. Presumably one doesn't need a concealed carry permit for that, since the weapon is not concealed.
4.24.2007 3:21pm
Shelby (mail):
NickM:

It's unfortunate for all the reasons that we don't execute teenagers for committing armed robbery. I won't weep for the kid, he apparently had it coming, but it's a pity he won't have a chance to change his ways.
4.24.2007 3:23pm
Quick with the Steel:
I'll heartily concur with the sentiment that Mr Wells was well within his right to respond with force to the violence imposed upon him by his attackers. But it seems downright unfair to implictly cast the grieving friends and family of Buford, some of them mere kids, as the mouthpiece for those who favor gun restrictions (I should note that the linked article in the P-D could be accused of the same charge).


A more interesting line of investigation would be at considering how many folks have been injured/killed by weapon of CCL holders who were not attackers and how were these costs distributed. (I assume this statement applies only to OH, no?). From a public policy standpoint, such a ratio won't prove anything more than this singular incident, but it seems more helpful starting point than making the friends of a highschool freshman a strawman.
4.24.2007 3:24pm
elChato (mail):
Yankev, thanks for the NPR information, that is unsurprising and ridiculous, as always. The "perspective" offered by the cousin of the would-be robber sadly illustrates the kind of support system that led him to this. The only thing we're lacking is a quote from his mom that he was a "good boy."
4.24.2007 3:38pm
Mike BUSL07 (mail):
elChato - not only was he a good boy, but he, "one day wanted to finish school," or "learn computers" or... well, yeah...
4.24.2007 3:41pm
Guest44 (mail) (www):
troubled kid, weak and easily influenced, started running with the wrong crowd, etc.

I have to fight very hard against being glad the kid is dead. But I can say unabashedly that I'm glad the homeowner was armed.
4.24.2007 3:43pm
Aaron:
I'm troubled by a couple of things.

First, there is a severe paucity of information. We don't know if the decedent was armed; we don't know if there was a common scheme or plan to rob Mr. Wells. What we do know is that a 15 year old boy (not man, boy) was shot during the course of an attempted robbery.

I understand Mr. Wells' situation, and I sympathize with his predicament, but I guarantee that he is not nearly as exultant as some of the ghouls who posted here today.

I can't help but wonder at some of the assumptions flying around this posting. Let's wait for some more facts. If it turns out that this was an acting in concert robbery, then fire away. Until then, bear in mind that a young life was tragically cut short.
4.24.2007 3:53pm
Roger Schlafly (www):
Compare that to how a California paper covered a recent similar story.
4.24.2007 3:57pm
Mac (mail):
I do not know if you need a permit to carry on your porch or not as to whether or not that is one's "home". However, turning it around, if someone gets injured on your porch or in your back yard could you avoid a lawsuit by claiming it is not your home? You would hope that the law would be consistent regarding what is or is not one's home.
4.24.2007 3:58pm
Duffy Pratt (mail):
It's not clear from the story if the boy who got shot was the one who pulled the gun. I don't know if that makes a difference or not...
4.24.2007 4:00pm
Do you see what I see:
Assuming (if I may) that most of these robberies at gunpoint do not result in the perpetrator causing physical harm to the victim, why is this such a great example of the benefits of permitting ccw permits? If the victim had had his gun visible before the attack, do we still think that the decedent would have tried to rob him? Seems to me the only difference is that a 15yo would still be alive and the victim would never have been in danger. I tend to think that's a big difference.
4.24.2007 4:03pm
JB:
I'm glad he got shot and sorry he died. How's that?

If getting shot isn't a deterrent to crime, nothing is. I only wish he'd lived to be so deterred.
4.24.2007 4:05pm
Ak:
"Do you see what I see": Absolutely. They undoubtedly would have never robbed again because they saw this man with a gun. They probably would have thrown away the gun they went to the trouble of illegally buying.

Wait, what? Are you serious? It seems fairly obvious that yes, had his gun been visible, they wouldn't have bothered this man and would have then just gone on to rob someone else who wasn't armed. If anything that's is an argument for ccw because this way potential assailants have no idea who might pop them and can't just victimize the unarmed selectively.
4.24.2007 4:07pm
Tom Holsinger (mail):
Per California law, he was in public on his front porch unless there was a fence around the porch and yard, and the fence gate was closed.

I represented a client in an excessive force case where this issue came up. The facts and California law on the subject were comical.

Basically you can be found guilty of being drunk in public in your own front yard if there is no fence around it, or if there is a fence but the gate is open.

My client was what is known as a Mariposa County "mountain man". His former lady friend lived in Madera County, in the same town where my client's parents lived. He was known to the police department there as habitually being armed, and that he had a Mariposa concealed carry permit.

So, when house-sitting for his parents, he went to her place, where she wasn't, and then to her parents' residence where she was. He then sang to her (she was hiding inside) in a vain attempt to convince her of his continued love and devotion. Loudly. He seemed to be intoxicated. It was a reasonable surmise given that he was, in fact, frequently intoxicated, but on this occasion he was intoxicated on love rather than alcohol.

Her parents called the local police. Who knew the gentlemen. And one of them was the lady's current inamorata.

So they came out pretty fast, but not fast enough. My client went back to his parents' house to take a shower. The officers surmised he was there, and knocked on the door. Several times.

It was a quick shower so my client heard them, put on his jeans quickly, and came to the door dripping wet.

The officers asked him to please step outside. They knew that he could be arrested for being drunk in public the instant he stepped out. So he did and they did. And, because they rightly suspected he was armed (coming out of the shower, dripping wet, he put his revolver in his jeans pocket because he always, always, armed himself before leaving any residence, and the local police knew this), and suspected he was drunk, they slammed him up against his RV and unknowingly re-injured a cervical spine injury he had suffered when a horse rolled on him while they were galloping around in scenic Mariposa County.

My client also suffered cuts and bruises on his face from being slammed up against his RV. So the police took him to the local emergency room for treatment of those before booking him for being drunk in public. The ER report said that my client was "alert, conscious and cooperative" five minutes after his arrest for purportedly being drunk in public. ER also took x-rays of his cervical spine at this time as he complained of neck pain, and correctly told them he had suffered cracked vertebrae (broken neck) from the horse rolling on him.

He was charged with violations of Penal Code section 647(f) - drunk in public and section 148 - resisting arrest, and he came to me for representation. I sent a copy of the ER report to the DA with a request for dismissal of the charges, which the DA agreed to.

Then my client came back to me a few months later with a most interesting report from his treating physician, stating that my client had developed a bony spur on his neck at the site of the broken vertebrae, and that it was reasonably medically certain that the bony spur's development had been caused by re-injury to the site from being slammed against the RV by the police officers. Based on before and after x-rays, taken six weeks before the arrest, immediately after the arrest at ER, and six weeks after the arrest.

So I thought I had a pretty good case for false arrest and excessive force. Not.

The defense attorney quickly disabused me of the false arrest issue with a statement from the ex-wife and her parents about my client's musical behavior, and a case citation holding precisely that a man could be criminally liable for public intoxication in his front yard, even if it had a fence, provided the gate was open.

Then it turned out that my client hadn’t filed any income tax returns in ten years due to his conviction that the federal income tax was illegal. Bang! went his wage loss claim. At that point I wanted to settle. But his deposition had been noticed.

So there we are in a McCormick Barstow conference room, and the defense counsel is Larry O’Neil, now a federal judge.

"Were you armed with a hand gun when you were arrested?"

"Yes."

"Did you have a concealed weapons permit at the time?"

"Yes."

"Would you show it to us?"

Client looks in pocket. "It's not here - I must have it in my truck."

"Could you bring it up and show it to us after we break?"

"Yes."

"Why were you carrying a gun when you were arrested?"

"I always carry one with me when I'm not at home."

"Are you carrying one now?"

"Yes."

Pregnant pause similar to the one in Attack of the Killer Tomatoes when the human spy said, "Pass the ketchup"

me - "Mr. 'Smith', would you come outside with me, please? Larry, we'll be back with the permit after I've disarmed my client."

"You do that, Tom!"

My client and I exit the conference room, my client pulls his revolver in front of the terrified receptionist and empties the chamber into my hand. Smith puts the gun back into his pocket, I drop the bullets into my briefcase and give the receptionist a cheery smile as we head for the elevator.

Mr. Smith locks his gun in his truck glove compartment and removes his concealed weapons permit, which I study carefully for the first time and discover that it had expired two weeks earlier.

The receptionist upstairs grabbed her phone when we returned, but stopped calling 911 when I told her that my client was now unarmed.

"Mr. Smith, are you unarmed now?"

"Yes."

"Do you have your concealed weapons permit?"

"Yes."

"Is it valid?"

"Objection! My client invokes his Fifth Amendment privilege to remain silent on the grounds that a response might incriminate him!"

"Tom, do you really think you can get this case to trial?"

"You have a point, Larry, he wouldn't get past the metal detector."

So I settled for less than the case was worth.
4.24.2007 4:16pm
Stacy (mail) (www):
I don't know about "fighting to not be glad he's dead". I don't have to fight at all. I'm sorry this kid is dead. He was 15 and it would be hard to convince me he couldn't still have straightened up to live a law-abiding life. At the same time of course, it wasn't "society's fault" -- it was his. He made a bad choice, played a grownup game and lost. On top of that, the potential victim who shot him now has to live with having killed someone. I doubt he feels much better about that just because it was a "clean shooting". Sad all around.
4.24.2007 4:19pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
State v. Nieto, 101 Ohio St. 409, 130 N.E. 663 (Ohio 1920) ruled that a man needed a concealed carry permit when asleep in his own bed. From Justice Wanamaker's powerful dissent:
I hold that the laws of the state of Ohio should be so applied and so interpreted as to favor the law-abiding rather than the law-violating people. If this decision shall stand as the law of Ohio, a very large percentage of the good people of Ohio to-day are criminals, because they are daily committing criminal acts by having these weapons in their own homes for their own defense. The only safe course for them to pursue, instead of having the weapon concealed on or about their person, or under their pillow at night, is to hand the revolver on the wall and put below it a large placard with these words inscribed:

"The Ohio supreme court having decided that it is a crime to carry a concealed weapon on one's person in one's home, even in one's bed or bunk, this weapon is hung upon the wall that you may see it, and before you commit any burglary or assault, please, Mr. Burglar, hand me my gun."
I examine the Nieto decision and its predecessors and successors in Ohio law in my book For the Defense of Themselves and the State: The Original Intent and Judicial Interpretation of the Right of the People to Keep and Bear Arms (Praeger Press, 1994).
4.24.2007 4:20pm
Abandon:
"But these are nonprecedential, unpublished decisions; I know of no published Ohio decisions on the subject."

What's the difference between an unpublished decision and a published one? Doesn't it constitute jurisprudence the day the verdict is returned?

(don't shoot me, I'm not a lawyer)
4.24.2007 4:22pm
Montie (mail):

Assuming (if I may) that most of these robberies at gunpoint do not result in the perpetrator causing physical harm to the victim, why is this such a great example of the benefits of permitting ccw permits?


The death of a a teenage criminal is a tragedy, the deaths of armed robbery victims is a statistical probability.
4.24.2007 4:22pm
33yearprof:
how many folks who were not attackers have been injured/killed by weapon of CCL holders


I'm sure the number and rate would be indistinguishable from zero. There are at least 2.5 million concealed weapon permit holders (and have been about that number for ten years) and I could find NO reports of one of them shooting a non-attacker in a situation where the permit was relevant.

This is not to say permit holders are angels. I know of persons who happened to hold carry permits from Florida (1), Minnesota (1) and Texas (2) who have been convicted of murder but their permit didn't facilitate their criminal acts. I also know of about the same number of police officers who have been convicted of murder but their badges (and guns) didn't impact any of their crimes either.
4.24.2007 4:25pm
elChato (mail):
"Seems to me the only difference is that a 15yo would still be alive and the victim would never have been in danger. "

the intended robbery victim who had someone draw a gun on him was never in danger?
4.24.2007 4:31pm
Dar (mail):
I'm very happy to hear Mr. Wells was not charged! He did not choose to be in this situation, but he reacted well when Mr. Buford foolishly choose to put him in such a situation.

Too bad Mr. Buford won't have another chance to turn his life around, but it should impress upon his associates that actions have consequences, and life is not a video game.
4.24.2007 4:33pm
Misread:
To 33Prof:

I'd start with the number of self-inflicted wounds by people carrying a concealed weapon and then move onto those wounded by neglegent and accidental discharges. Even if the numbers is much lower than the accident rate for law enforcement officials or soliders, to suggest the number is zero is a statistical impossibility.
4.24.2007 4:33pm
Tom Holsinger (mail):
Clayton Cramer,

My colleague, the late Eugene A. Mash, was found liable for malpractice for correctly stating the law. 38 Cal.3d 413 (1985). Even Chief Justice Rose Bird dissented.
4.24.2007 4:39pm
Anderson (mail) (www):
Very sad, though certainly not as sad as if the boys had killed Mr. Wells.

I wondered about the "multiple" shots to the chest, however. At what point do multiple shots become excessive? Say that Mr. Buford was indeed the one with the gun, but he dropped it after the first bullet hit, and then Mr. Wells continued to shoot?

Or was Mr. Wells allowed to squeeze the trigger, say, four times without pausing to see whether any bullets had hit?

I would want to have some more facts before joining the ghouls in their feasting.
4.24.2007 4:44pm
r78:

What's the difference between an unpublished decision and a published one? Doesn't it constitute jurisprudence the day the verdict is returned?

The decision would be binding for that particular case and parties, but if it is an "unpublished" decision, it generally doesn't have any authority to bind anyone else in the future.

In fact, where I practice (in California) it is unethical for attorneys to even cite to or mention unpublished decisions in subsequent arguments to the court in different cases.
4.24.2007 4:45pm
Bob from Ohio (mail):
A boy with a handgun who robs people is no longer a boy.

Nothing ghoulish about not being sad about this punk's death. I save my sadness for victims, not criminals.
4.24.2007 5:00pm
DeezRightWingNutz:
Assuming that the person killed knowingly and willingly participated in the armed robbery, I don't see his death as tragic, but as justice, and likely a tremendous benefit to society.

The main reason I wouldn’t support the death penalty for correctly convicted armed robbers is that then there's little marginal cost to up the ante to murder. Otherwise, I'd say kill 'em all.
4.24.2007 5:13pm
gattsuru (mail) (www):
Anderson, once someone has made it clear that they have the ability, opportunity, and has shown signs reasonably construed as intent to commit imminent bodily harm (whether lethal or 'less'-lethal) is justified until that ability, opportunity, or intent is completely negated -- most cases this is someone surrendering or dying. In this case, Mr. Buford showed the ability as he had a firearm, opportunity as he was within firing distance, and intent as any reasonable person would assume someone approaching them with a firearm without warning is not doing so to show off their fresh engraving.

As for the multiple shots, remember that people are very hardy creatures over the short-term. Even if a bullet penetrates and completely destroys the heart, it's quite possible for an individual in average shape to continue moving and presenting a risk for ten to thirty seconds afterward. Less perfect aim or ammunition can require several times that amount of time. Thankfully, most people give up long before that, but until the attacker clearly loses the ability to present significant harm, or

And, for all points and purposes, Mr. Wells needed a concealed carry permit to carry on his own porch without harassment. Even if the law did not view the front porch as an 'open meadow', any police officer willing to give him trouble could have put him in a legal mess regardless of how correct or incorrect the police officer's interpretation of a law is.
4.24.2007 5:15pm
KeithK (mail):

I wondered about the "multiple" shots to the chest, however. At what point do multiple shots become excessive? Say that Mr. Buford was indeed the one with the gun, but he dropped it after the first bullet hit, and then Mr. Wells continued to shoot?

Or was Mr. Wells allowed to squeeze the trigger, say, four times without pausing to see whether any bullets had hit?


When faced with an armed opponent it's not reasonable to expect that someone take one shot, look to see what happened, and only then shoot again if the threat persists. The 2 seconds you take to see what happened could cost you your life. Even someone shot in the chest can still be a threat if he's got a weapon. Life isn't a video game - people don't die or become incapacitated instantly upon being shot.

Am I happy that the kid died? Not at all. It's a shame. However, I am very happy that Mr. Wells did not lose his life.
4.24.2007 5:17pm
Abandon:
r78:

In fact, where I practice (in California) it is unethical for attorneys to even cite to or mention unpublished decisions in subsequent arguments to the court in different cases.


Interesting. Is it considered unethical only because citing an unpublished decision could hardly lead to proper verification or is there another rationale I do not see?

Thanks for the answer btw.
4.24.2007 5:17pm
Tim Dowling (mail):
I’ve read that a gun kept in the home is 4 times more likely to be used in an unintentional shooting, and 7 times more likely to be used in a criminal assault or homicide than to be used to injure or kill someone in self-defense, as Mr. Wells did here. If these stats are true, I'm not convinced that gun ownership is the safest route to take, Mr. Wells's experience notwithstanding.
4.24.2007 5:18pm
Shake-N-Bake:
I just wanted to say that in looking to see where this happened (or at least where Buford collapsed, which had to be somewhat close by) and its relation to my alma mater since this obviously happened on the east side, I was rather surprised to see that Case, a top 40 university by US News rankings and reknowned research institution, is not noted on the map. University Hospitals is marked, but not Case.

That wouldn't really make me think twice, except nearby John Carroll University is marked. Travesty!
4.24.2007 5:22pm
Shake-N-Bake:
Sorry, I forgot to mention this was Google Maps.
4.24.2007 5:22pm
Vinnie (mail):
Am I the only one who noticed that the police took the homeowners gun? Any bets on whether he gets it back.
4.24.2007 5:23pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):

I'd start with the number of self-inflicted wounds by people carrying a concealed weapon and then move onto those wounded by neglegent and accidental discharges. Even if the numbers is much lower than the accident rate for law enforcement officials or soliders, to suggest the number is zero is a statistical impossibility.
I would find the possibility of being zero unlikely. But it might be literally in single digits over a period of many years. I say that because any incident in which a carry permit holder injured an innocent bystander would have received enormous press from the Violence Policy Center and its wholly owned subsidiaries, NBC, CBS, ABC, and CNN.

Accidental firearms injuries would be less likely to receive attention, especially if they were self-inflicted, but look carefully at firearms accidents in the U.S. About half typically are hunting related--and I get the impression that many of these are because a hunter misinterprets a person as a deer.

My impression from reading news coverage of accidental firearms deaths and from reading CDC's data suggests that many of the non-hunting accidents involve teenaged boys showing off--and teenagers are (with a few very odd exceptions) not eligible for carry permits.

If there are carry permit holders who have accidental discharges that cause injury, they must be pretty scarce. I've carried a handgun for more than 20 years, and I've never had an accidental discharge. Many of my friends have carried handguns, and none of them has ever had an accidental discharge.
4.24.2007 5:26pm
CEB:
I wonder whether the accomplice will be charged with felony murder.
4.24.2007 5:28pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
Tom Holsinger writes:

Clayton Cramer,

My colleague, the late Eugene A. Mash, was found liable for malpractice for correctly stating the law. 38 Cal.3d 413 (1985). Even Chief Justice Rose Bird dissented.
And you brought this to my attention for what reason? Do you expect someone to file suit against me for malpractice? Since I'm not a lawyer, nor am I practicing law, I believe that I'm safe.
4.24.2007 5:29pm
taney71:

... and I get the impression that many of these are because a hunter misinterprets a person as a deer.

Don't know why but that statement made be laugh.
4.24.2007 5:32pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
Tim Dowling writes:

I’ve read that a gun kept in the home is 4 times more likely to be used in an unintentional shooting, and 7 times more likely to be used in a criminal assault or homicide than to be used to injure or kill someone in self-defense, as Mr. Wells did here. If these stats are true, I'm not convinced that gun ownership is the safest route to take, Mr. Wells's experience notwithstanding.
I would be very suspicious of that claim. It is true that a gun in the home is substantially more likely to be used to kill someone in the home, than to kill an intruder. But that's not a very meaningful number. The majority of the time that a gun is used in self-defense, it is used as a threat, which causes the intruder to remember an urgent appointment elsewhere.

The Civilian Gun Self-Defense Blog records those events that received news coverage--which are likely to be the most dramatic and probably disproportionately incidents in which the criminal is injured or killed. Yet the incidents that we have been recording for the last several years (now approaching 3000 articles) are still more commonly criminal injured, scared off, or held for police, than criminal killed.
4.24.2007 5:35pm
Tom Holsinger (mail):
Tim,

You should adjust that statistic to exclude weapons stolen from homes by criminals, and thereafter used by persons other than residents of the home they were stolen from.

My recollection is that, even with this adjustment, there is still a truly alarming number of accidental shootings and fatalities within homes by residents of those homes using guns kept in the homes. Very, very few of the owners of those guns, however, had ever taken firearms safety classes, let alone property stored the weapons.

There is no question that possession of firearms in homes is dangerous, but it is also established that this is true only of irresponsible owners. The problem is that there are so many of those.

The primary danger from firearms possession in residences is, statisically, that those will be stolen and used elsewhere by criminals.
4.24.2007 5:36pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):


... and I get the impression that many of these are because a hunter misinterprets a person as a deer.

Don't know why but that statement made be laugh.
It shouldn't. People make mistakes. Wear safety orange in hunting season.
4.24.2007 5:36pm
gattsuru (mail) (www):
If these stats are true, I'm not convinced that gun ownership is the safest route to take, Mr. Wells's experience notwithstanding.


They aren't. I believe those numbers came from Mr. Arthur Kellermann's oft-cited and even more oft-rebuted 'study'. Not only is the data internally flawed (Mr. Kellermann chose to avoid revealing it to other researchers for decades because of this), but your citation for it is also problematic. Mr. Kellermann's study did not state the owned gun is used in the unintentional shooting or homicide, only that a gun will be -- for obvious reasons, those who are at risk for assault or attempted murder are more likely to want to defend themselves.

Also, remember that nearly 80% of those shot in self-defense survive, and many if not most acts of self-defense with a firearm do not require the owner to actually shoot the attacker (either drawing the gun and showing the attacker that he or she is not a valid target, or firing the gun and missing but frightening away the attacker, or merely using the threat of the gun to detain an individual).
4.24.2007 5:37pm
Tom Holsinger (mail):
Motor vehicles are also dangerous, especially when used by irresponsible people, and most especially by criminals who have stolen the vehicles. This is not a good argument for denying possession of vehicles to non-criminals.
4.24.2007 5:38pm
pete (mail) (www):
"Am I the only one who noticed that the police took the homeowners gun? Any bets on whether he gets it back."

Ray Nagin is not involved so he might get it back eventually. The only person I know who had a gun confiscated as part of a police investigation only got it back by being really annoying and by calling the same detective over and over again after the investigation was over. It still took him a couple of months to get it back with him calling multiple times a week.
4.24.2007 5:41pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):

City prosecutors decided Monday that Wells, 25, was justified and would not be charged for what appears to be the first time a concealed-carry permit holder has shot and killed an attacker.
But not the first time that a concealed carry permit holder in Cleveland has used a gun in self-defense. See here.
4.24.2007 5:42pm
Houston Lawyer:
Regarding the number of shots fired, I believe that as long as you don't reload and start firing again you will generally be given the benefit of the doubt.

These shootings are only sensationalized when the intended victim has a concealed carry license. One of my neighbors killed an armed intruder in his garage a few weeks ago. He has a huge fence and gate now.
4.24.2007 5:47pm
Russ (mail):
I know that by the standards of some here, I will sound "ghoulish," but I have no sympathy for the boy. He tried to bully and rob an innocent person, could have killed them, and was likely not expecting to be confronted by someone with the cajones to fight back. That the cousin then blames his intended victim tells me all I need to know about where this boy went wrong.

And, no, he would not have given up had he just seen Mr. Wells' gun; he just would've gone on to find the next person. Those crying for this young man would likely not be as sympathetic had such a crime happened to their mother, and Mr. Buford had managed to do more than just attempt to rob her.


Mr. Wells exhibited perfect gun control - he hit what he aimed at.
4.24.2007 5:48pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
Tom Holsinger writes:

My recollection is that, even with this adjustment, there is still a truly alarming number of accidental shootings and fatalities within homes by residents of those homes using guns kept in the homes. Very, very few of the owners of those guns, however, had ever taken firearms safety classes, let alone property stored the weapons.
Accidental firearms deaths are about 800 a year, and as I have pointed out, they tend to be hunting-related and teenaged males showing off. Relatively few are preteens, and adults who suffer firearms accidents, in at least study done in Vermont some years ago, also have disproportionate traffic accidents and drunk driving arrests. No amount of firearms safety classes can correct a problem like this.

There is no question that possession of firearms in homes is dangerous, but it is also established that this is true only of irresponsible owners. The problem is that there are so many of those.
Really! If you mean based on the firearms accidental deaths, then there really aren't very many. In a nation of 300,000,000, 800 deaths a year--of which perhaps half are hunting--isn't all that severe.

The primary danger from firearms possession in residences is, statisically, that those will be stolen and used elsewhere by criminals.
Yup. I strongly encourage people who buy a gun to find a method of securing it for three reasons (roughly in order of personal trauma, but not in order of social hazard):

1. You don't want a curious child or a suicidal teenager to get access to it.

2. You don't want to walk in on a burglar who was unarmed when he broke into your house.

3. You don't want to arm a criminal who may use your gun when he breaks into the next house.

Significantly, gun control advocates are more interested in punishing the gun owner than the burglar.
4.24.2007 5:48pm
steveH (mail):
Tin Dowling,


I’ve read that a gun kept in the home is 4 times more likely to be used in an unintentional shooting, and 7 times more likely to be used in a criminal assault or homicide than to be used to injure or kill someone in self-defense


That is almost certainly a somewhat garbled restatement of the 1986 Kellerman study of gun related homicides in a single Washington county (King County) for one year.

It would be worth also reading some of the criticisms of the study, as Kellerman counted homicides (including a couple using knives) that didn't involve the gun owned by anyone residing in the home, and most of the homicides were suicides. (Why is this of any interest? Mostly because suicides have been shown repeatedly, over several decades and several different countries, to be means independent; taking guns out of the homes would almost certainly had no effect on the number of suicides.)

Kellerman also used as the sole criterion for successful with-gun self defense a dead body of an assailant. No matter whether and attack was deterred or not; if there wasn't a dead assailant, it doesn't count.

One is led to wonder how he judges the effectiveness of armed law enforcement officers.
4.24.2007 5:49pm
Mikeyes (mail):
Shake-N-Bake sez:"That wouldn't really make me think twice, except nearby John Carroll University is marked."

Obviously a Jesuitical plot.
4.24.2007 5:51pm
Tom Holsinger (mail):
Mr. Cramer,

The law is often an ass. Since you are not an attorney, and particularly not an attorney who practices within the jurisdiction of the United States 9th Circuit of Appeal, and most especially not a California attorney, you might not be aware of this.
4.24.2007 5:52pm
whit:
regarding the multiple shots thang...

there is no bright line as to what is reasonable or unreasonable. (disclaimer: i am a firearms instructor for police, and that includes the teaching of deadly force and deadly force law/policy).

you are justified in shooting to "stop", and one is supposed to shoot until the threat is stopped.

people have survived , for example, 19 rounds in the torso (that was an odd case, obviously), and one is under no obligation to stop shooting and ask the guy "are you incapicitated yet?" etc.

also, if you have ever interviewed people involved in a shooting (or been there yourself), it's amazing how many times the person really thinks he didn't pull the trigger, or only fired once or twice, when in fact he fired numerous times. fight or flight kicks in, as does training.

the problem with HCI and their ilk (among many problems) is that they only count defensive uses of guns when the gun is actually fired. just as police use their guns defensively literally HUNDREDS of times for every instance of firing them, this is also true of civilians. the vast majority of civilian defensive gun use never involves a fired shot, yet that is consistently ignored by anti-gunners.

the idea that there are an "alarming" # of unintentional (preferred term vs. "accidental") discharges (let alone discharges that result in injury) by CCW holders is laughable. check the stats.

there are many many more common ways of dying/being injured in one's own home than a firearm lawfully owned, such as tripping and falling, kitchen injuries, and drowning in your own bathtub (usually after slipping and hitting one's head).

accidental firearms discharges resulting in injury are VERY rare, and as far back as the stats go - getting rarer
4.24.2007 5:54pm
Tom Holsinger (mail):
Mr. Dowling referred to not merely homicides or even deaths from firearms kept in residences, but to all "unintentional shootings", by which he presumably meant those in which a human being was hit by a bullet, and intentional use by crimnals:

"I’ve read that a gun kept in the home is 4 times more likely to be used in an unintentional shooting, and 7 times more likely to be used in a criminal assault or homicide than to be used to injure or kill someone in self-defense .."

Those who limit only to fatalities are playing fast and loose with statistics. Mr. Dowling correctly identifies the danger as being unintentional shootings, and intentional criminal use whether or not those result in shootings.

I pointed out that the latter - intentional criminal use of firearms stolen from residences - significantly outnumbers unintentional shootings with firearms kept in the home.
4.24.2007 6:02pm
Tom Holsinger (mail):
The favorite statistical game of anti-gun types is to define "defensive use" of firearms as only those instances where a bad guy was either shot (most common definition) or where the victim fired whether or not anyone was hit (less common definition).

They carefully exclude instances where the victim merely showed that he/she was armed, or criminals were deterred from acting due to fear that the victim was armed (which is why there are so few burglaries of inhabited residences in areas with high proportions of gun ownership).

The same people tend to contend that nothing happens unless it is reported on TV.
4.24.2007 6:13pm
Richard Rapp (mail):
Tim Dowling,

I believe those statistics are misleading, because the cases in which someone is injured or killed in self-defense is a small portion of cases in which a handgun is actually used in self-defense. In the large majority of cases, at least as I've heard it, the criminal flees when the intended victim brandishes, but does not fire, the gun. That still counts as a successful use of a handgun in self-defense, though.
4.24.2007 6:20pm
Edward Lunny (mail):
It would appear that Mr. Wells had legally aquired his firearm, had , also, legally aquired his concealed carry permit. I notice that no mention is made of the legality of buford's possesion of his firearm, nor, any mention of how and where he aquired it. Therein lies the fallacy of "gun control". "Gun control" effectively creates and identifies victims, at least potential victims, but, does nothing to curtail criminal behaviour. Much noise is made about straw purchases and the ease of availablity, but, no effort is shown or made to affect any effective resolution to these concerns. "Gun control is not, nor has it ever been, about preventing or reducing crime, or even preventing the increase of crime. "Gun control" , was, is, and will continue to be about one thing and one thing only, subjegating the people to the will of the government. That truth is evident here and everywhere else in the world, was, is, and will continue to be.
4.24.2007 6:36pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
The biggest fallacy of gun control laws is the assumption that they will either disarm criminal and victims equally or, even better, that they will disproportionately disarm criminals.

There are criminals who are disarmed by gun control laws. There is no question in my mind about that. I would think that these are the least motivated criminals, or the least intelligent criminals. The question that you need to ask is whether criminals are disarmed more than their victims. There is strong reason to think that this is not the case.

A person who plans to commit murder, or is prepared to do so as part of another felony is unlikely to be deterred from acquiring a gun by the mere threat of punishment for obtaining a gun. What gun control law is more severely punished than murder? If he is caught before he commits the more serious crime, the best that we can hope for is that prison for a few years will take him off the streets. The criminal was already prepared to risk a much longer sentence than that for murder; big deal.

The majority of law-abiding adults, on the other hand, are reluctant to break gun control laws because to a person who has never been arrested, and never been convicted of a misdemeanor, any violation of the law is potentially destructive of his self-esteem and his middle class status. The costs of defending himself in court, legal fees, losing his job when sent to prison for several years--these are powerful deterrents to decent people. Thus, in societies where gun control laws either prevent lawful gun ownership for self-defense (Britain, Jamaica), or make it very difficult or risky even if lawful (New York City, New Jersey, Washington DC), gun control disproportionately disarms the victims, not the criminals.

And this is not an accident. Many of the activists in the gun control movement believe that self-defense is morally indistinguishable from criminal attack. I have had too many of these activists tell this to me directly--that a person who shoots a robber is morally no different from the robber. Hence the need to treat victims and criminals alike.
4.24.2007 7:07pm
pete (mail) (www):
For an interesting take on what people are thinking, how fast/much they shoot in life or death situations, etc. I recommend reading Into the Kill Zone: A Cop's Eye View of Deadly Force by David Klinger. Klinger (who had shot and killed someone in the line of duty) interviewed hundreds of other cops who had shot people in the line of duty to see why they did it, what they remember, and how they reacted to it. There are cases of officers not remembering how many shots they fired with the shootings often taking place in only a few seconds with the suspects not stopping even after being shot. The book Homicide by David Simon has similar stories of people who keep going even though they die from their wounds a few minutes later.
4.24.2007 7:19pm
Shake-N-Bake:
Obviously a Jesuitical plot.

Someone call Dan Brown!
4.24.2007 8:57pm
CDU (mail):
33yearprof:

This is not to say permit holders are angels.

Statistically, they're pretty close. A study in Florida found that permit holders were 100 times less likely to be involved in a crime than the general population.
4.24.2007 9:33pm
anonnn (mail):
I recently read a SCOTUS case which dealt with a felony murder, committed during an armed robbery. It was Enmund v. Florida (1982), and involved the question of whether an accomplice could receive the death penalty for felony murder (in this case murder during an armed robbery), when the accomplice was not involved in the murder and did not intend to take life. (The court answered that under the 8th Amendment the death penalty could not be imposed on such an accomplice.)

I bring this up only because the facts of the case saddened me. Namely, it probably would have been a robbery and nothing more, if one of the victims had not started shooting at the robbers. I won't go into the details, but the husband was being threatened, and the wife came out with the gun. Both were killed.

No doubt it is possible that they would have been killed anyway, but perhaps they would have survived the robbery.

Personally I am all in favor of the right to defend oneself, and I agree that the Cleveland man in this story was justified in shooting the armed teenager. But I don't think anyone should be so quick to assume that defending yourself with a gun is always a good (or wise) thing.
4.24.2007 10:45pm
logicnazi (mail) (www):
anon has a point. If you are going to start including indirect deterrence effects of being armed you also need to include indirect fatalities of being armed. For instance if you want to include the times that the criminals run away when they see the gun you need to include the times the criminals draw their own pieces and people die who otherwise would not have died. If you want to include the general deterrence factor that an armed populace provides you also need to consider the incentive that an armed populace provides to criminals to be heavily armed and to be ready to use them so they themselves aren't shot or held up.

Anyway as to this specific case even those of us who think that handgun bans might be a good idea can't disagree with anything here. Even if in general handgun ownership causes more harm than it solves that doesn't mean that it should be specifically illegal to defend yourself if you own the fun, just that it might be better if it was illegal to own the gun. And besides given it isn't illegal it makes no sense to attack someone for possessing it. Perhaps the very worst situation we could have is the one we have now where gun ownership is legal so easy for criminals and nutballs to access but it's ownership by more upstanding members of the community is discouraged in many places.
4.25.2007 12:19am
Aaron:
I notice that no one has come forward with any more facts. We still don't know if Buford was armed, was an active participant in the attempted robbery, or indeed, had any larcenous intent. Yet people still persist in labeling him a criminal who deserved to die.

I guess the Duke case taught us nothing about rushing to judgment. Pity.
4.25.2007 12:40am
Pendulum (mail):
To those of you wondering whether you sound ghoulish and inhuman for not being at all affected that a 15 year old is dead, yes you do. You have apparently deadened yourself to human emotion, so intoxicating is your drug of self-righteousness. I'd venture most of you are Christians too.

To state the obvious, many 15 year olds who commit terrible crimes reform and lead productive, helpful lives. And as an above poster stated, it's sad that this teenager didn't. Nonetheless, the permit holder was perfectly within his rights to use deadly force.

The instincts you display in this case are the reason why many of us, despite having fiscally conservative, minimal government, pro-gun, pro-capitalist views, shudder with horror at the thought of being called "conservative". We sure as hell aren't like you.
4.25.2007 12:41am
TheNewGuy (mail):
You have apparently deadened yourself to human emotion, so intoxicating is your drug of self-righteousness. I'd venture most of you are Christians too... shudder with horror at the thought of being called "conservative". We sure as hell aren't like you.

Who is drunk on their own self-righteousness again?

Ahem.

I don't see anyone throwing a "Ding-dong, the witch is dead" party. I see a group of people acknowledging the culpability of the dead man. He did indeed suffer the ultimate penalty, but the circumstances under which it happened were entirely of his own making.

With regard to his family, I'm reminded of what Ted Bundy's mother told him, right before his execution:

"You'll always be my precious son."
4.25.2007 2:06am
Edward Lunny (mail):
"To state the obvious, many 15 year olds who commit terrible crimes reform and lead productive, helpful lives"....the large ,young, 20-30 year olds, prison population would tend to disprove this position. Too, the number of young men involved in the drug trade and street shootings would also appear to belie this statement. I'd be interested in any evidence that you might have to support your assertion.
4.25.2007 7:29am
DeezRightWingNutz:
It's a big country. I'm sure "many" 15-year-olds who commit terrible crimes reform themselves.

I second TheNewGuys' comment WRT self-righteousness... pot, kettle, and all that.

Logicnazi, that was a good point about needed to account for robberies that escalate into murders after a gun in introduced by the victim. I hadn't thought of it, and I wonder how often it happens.

Lastly, to those arguing against gun control, the CCW rules virtually guarantee permit-holder's crime statistics will score points for you. You have to comply with a fair amount of red-tape (abide by laws) and are generally excluded/excludable if you have a criminal record. It seems there's a fair amount of selection bias. If there were no laws requiring a CCW permit to carry, I'd venture that the average person that carried would commit crimes at a rate closer to the average. It just seems like you can't rely solely on the behavior of current CCW permit-holders to argue that arming an increasing number of people would show similar results.
4.25.2007 9:16am
Tyrone Slothrop (mail) (www):
I notice that no one has come forward with any more facts. We still don't know if Buford was armed, was an active participant in the attempted robbery, or indeed, had any larcenous intent. Yet people still persist in labeling him a criminal who deserved to die.

Indeed, if you look at the Plain Dealer's story, it's not even clear why the reporter concluded that Buford was a thief. There don't appear to have been any witnesses, other than the unnamed fellow who was with Buford. Maybe he confessed to attempted robbery, but the story certainly does say that. Presumably Wells shot Buford and then claimed that he was acting in self-defense, but a healthy skepticism should prompt one to wonder about that claim.

A lot of people here seem happy that Buford got shot and/or killed because a reporter called him a thief. I suspect that some of these people would not be so quick to accept a reporter's characterizations of the facts under alternative circumstances.
4.25.2007 9:37am
gattsuru (mail) (www):
If there were no laws requiring a CCW permit to carry, I'd venture that the average person that carried would commit crimes at a rate closer to the average.

Except in Vermont and Alaska, where the only legal requirement is that you are legally able to purchase the firearm. Oddly enough, even there, legal concealed-carriers are still many times less likely to break the law than those who don't carry concealed, and are vastly less likely to commit a violent crime.

This shouldn't come as a surprise to anyone but the statistically illiterate. A vast majority of violent crimes are committed by a very small percentage of the population, and most of that small percent already have a felony record (thus prohibiting them from legally owning guns) by the time they go into truly aggressive acts.

Moreover, there are still strict requirements as to what you can legally do while carrying a firearm concealed or open, regardless of a slip of paper or not. Understanding these legal requirements tends to put a certain amount of selection 'bias' into the mix anyway, and that wouldn't change even if we went over to permit-less concealed carry.
4.25.2007 9:47am
rarango (mail):
Speaking on behalf of the unfeeling ghouls AND assuming that Buford was in fact armed and did in fact intend to rob Wells: good riddance.

As an aside, I have been shot at and hit professionally--How many of you have ever had someone try to kill you? It makes a nice, intellectual and very sanitary argument until you are looking into the muzzle of a firearm. Were I Mr. Wells, I would continue pulling the trigger until out of ammo.
4.25.2007 9:50am
Tim Dowling (mail):
Thanks to those who responded to the stats. To those who suggest I might be manipulating the data, let me emphasize that I don’t have a dog in this fight. I’m just trying to sort out the publicly available information. For those who shed light on the data, thanks again.

I find Tom's analogy to car ownership an interesting one. We do require drivers to pass periodic driving tests and safety inspections. Perhaps mandatory safety instruction and performance evaluation, with periodic updates, should be made a pre-condition to gun ownership.
4.25.2007 9:52am
Zzzzzz:
"If there are carry permit holders who have accidental discharges that cause injury, they must be pretty scarce. I've carried a handgun for more than 20 years, and I've never had an accidental discharge. Many of my friends have carried handguns, and none of them has ever had an accidental discharge." - C. Cramer


This, of course, means absolutely nothing - but thanks for the tidbit.
4.25.2007 9:57am
whit:
"If there were no laws requiring a CCW permit to carry, I'd venture that the average person that carried would commit crimes at a rate closer to the average. "

fwiw, WA state does not require a permit as long as the firearm is carried openly (not concealed). only need a permit to carry concealed.

rarango... i heartily agree. being in shootouts (vs. talking about it intellectually in a blog) and seeing your friends take rounds puts this in an entirely different perspective.
4.25.2007 10:37am
WHOI Jacket:
Anonnn, that logic can be taken further.

Why should we call the cops after a robbery then? What if the robbers were gang members, and reporting them to the police causes one of them to get picked up. In the trial, the witness has to take the stand, the fellow gang members have someone sitting in the gallery taking notes. That night, 5 gangbangers come back to the house and throw several Molotov Cocktails through the windows, burning down the house and killing all inside.

It is a possibility, but that doesn't discourage us from encouraging witnesses/victems from testifying in court.
4.25.2007 10:57am
Audient (mail) (www):
Today's Cleveland Plain Dealer reports that the citizen's house has been vandalized. The windows were all broken, and he had to board it up and leave the neighborhood.

There is a makeshift memorial at the site where Buford was gunned down, teddy bears and the usual stuff reserved for "victims."

The real victim is the guy who had to defend himself, and who is now a target for retaliation.
4.25.2007 11:08am
Tyrone Slothrop (mail) (www):
The real victim is the guy who had to defend himself, and who is now a target for retaliation.

Perhaps the people in the neighborhood know more about the circumstances surrounding the shooting, and have reasons to view Wells' account differently.
4.25.2007 11:50am
Abandon:
WHOI Jacket wrote: Why should we call the cops after a robbery then?

Well, in all logic, if you are soft on the mob rule as a victim and do not call the cops in fear of retaliation, wouldn't that make you even more likely to be victimized in the future? By not taking any action after being aggressed, you're tagging yourself as an easy target, making it easier for bullies to come back at you. Chances are, they'll keep threatening you of retaliation until you call the cops. You can't be sure they wont eliminate you if you remain silent anyways, because they can never be fully confident you will never talk. My advice in such situation would be to get authorities involved if possible. But it's not an easy choice, I reckon...
4.25.2007 12:03pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):

I bring this up only because the facts of the case saddened me. Namely, it probably would have been a robbery and nothing more, if one of the victims had not started shooting at the robbers. I won't go into the details, but the husband was being threatened, and the wife came out with the gun. Both were killed.

No doubt it is possible that they would have been killed anyway, but perhaps they would have survived the robbery.
I know two different couples who have been the victim of robberies in their homes. In one case, the three thugs raped her, beat him badly, and took everything that they could carry away--even stuff with no economic value, like their wedding pictures.

In another case, the husband did what liberals want: he went into another room to find something of value to make the bad guys go away. Then he heard his wife starting to scream because one of the thugs was starting to remove her clothes. He tried to fight and was stabbed seven times.

Assuming anything positive about robbers--people who, by definition, are prepared to use force or the threat of it to take something that doesn't belong to them--is a very questionable assumption.
4.25.2007 12:10pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
Aaron writes:

I notice that no one has come forward with any more facts. We still don't know if Buford was armed, was an active participant in the attempted robbery, or indeed, had any larcenous intent. Yet people still persist in labeling him a criminal who deserved to die.
See here. The police found a handgun stashed in a nearby mailbox--and they are suspecting that the accomplice who got away may have dumped it.

It isn't just "people" but the police who are labeling him as a criminal.
4.25.2007 12:13pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):
Pendulum writes:

To those of you wondering whether you sound ghoulish and inhuman for not being at all affected that a 15 year old is dead, yes you do. You have apparently deadened yourself to human emotion, so intoxicating is your drug of self-righteousness. I'd venture most of you are Christians too.
Why do you assume that we are not affected by this? Yes, it is a tragedy. It would have been a tragedy for the victim of this crime to be murdered. If I have to choose who to feel sorry for, it is primarily for the guy who had to choose between being murdered, or killing a robber.

To state the obvious, many 15 year olds who commit terrible crimes reform and lead productive, helpful lives. And as an above poster stated, it's sad that this teenager didn't. Nonetheless, the permit holder was perfectly within his rights to use deadly force.
I'm sure that there are 15 year olds who turn from a life of robbery, rape, and murder, and become upstanding citizens. But I wouldn't bet too much money on this being a large fraction of 15 year old felons.

One of the startling statistics is how disproportionately adult felons are elementary school dropouts. It isn't that free public education isn't available everywhere; it is more likely that the psychological problems that make someone drop out of elementary school make them more prone to become felons.

Now, there are a number of factors that probably play a part in this, and it is one of the reasons that I think a greater emphasis on identifying child abuse early and correcting it is very important. I would be quite surprised if sexual and physical abuse doesn't play a big part in this. But don't pretend that everyone who approves of self-defense is unconcerned about the tragedy of a kid deciding that robbery is an okay way to get what he wants.
4.25.2007 12:19pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):


The real victim is the guy who had to defend himself, and who is now a target for retaliation.
Perhaps the people in the neighborhood know more about the circumstances surrounding the shooting, and have reasons to view Wells' account differently.
Perhaps the people in the neighborhood are part of the culture that encourages 15 year olds to think of robbery as an acceptable strategy for getting what you want.

More likely, people are simply unprepared to admit that someone that they know was a criminal. Over at Civilian Gun Self-Defense Blog, we record every news story that we can find of a civilian in the U.S. using a gun in self-defense. Occasionally, I will hear from the next of kin of someone who was killed in self-defense--usually along the lines of, "He was a victim! Everyone--the person who shot him, the police, the district attorney--they all conspired to make him look like a bad guy!"

We have had a couple of cases where they were able to provide evidence of improprieties by police or prosecutors that caused us to update the account. But far more typically, when I ask for more data--something other than their emotional reaction, there is usually dead silence. There are a lot of people out there who don't really want to admit that precious little Johnny was a violent thug who got off on hurting people.
4.25.2007 12:25pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):


"If there are carry permit holders who have accidental discharges that cause injury, they must be pretty scarce. I've carried a handgun for more than 20 years, and I've never had an accidental discharge. Many of my friends have carried handguns, and none of them has ever had an accidental discharge." - C. Cramer
This, of course, means absolutely nothing - but thanks for the tidbit.
If that was all I wrote on the subject, your snide remark might be appropriate.
4.25.2007 12:27pm
cjc (mail):
The Plain Dealer article from today, mentioning neighborhood anger over the shooting:

Shooting sparks neighborhood anger

That's the "printer friendly" version, mainly to get everything on one page and avoid the Plain Dealer's registration.

Key quote:

Most of those gathering there are teenagers, and they are angry, shocked and sad. They say that no matter what police and court officials say, Buford never did anything wrong.

They don't care that Cleveland prosecutors said the shooting appears to have happened in self-defense. They want justice.
4.25.2007 12:27pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):

I find Tom's analogy to car ownership an interesting one. We do require drivers to pass periodic driving tests and safety inspections. Perhaps mandatory safety instruction and performance evaluation, with periodic updates, should be made a pre-condition to gun ownership.
If gun accidents by lawful gun owners were a common problem, there might be a good argument here. But gun accidents are pretty scarce, and overwhelmingly involve hunting or teenagers (who can't legally buy guns). The big problems with guns are suicide (where no safety class will help) and murder (ditto).
4.25.2007 12:29pm
Abandon:
Clayton Cramer writes: In another case, the husband did what liberals want: he went into another room to find something of value to make the bad guys go away.

What would a "conservative" do in the same circumstances? Rip his shirt off, go berserk with a magnum and likely get everyone killed in the process? Bringing two sensational exceptional anecdotes doesn't make the case against anonnn's point, which lied in his last paragraph:
Personally I am all in favor of the right to defend oneself, and I agree that the Cleveland man in this story was justified in shooting the armed teenager. But I don't think anyone should be so quick to assume that defending yourself with a gun is always a good (or wise) thing.


There is no doubt carrying a weapon can deter crimes, but, on the other hand, gun happy people tend to obliterate the opposite effect: carrying a weapon may increase the chances an event will turn out deadly.
4.25.2007 12:34pm
Tyrone Slothrop (mail) (www):
The police found a handgun stashed in a nearby mailbox--and they are suspecting that the accomplice who got away may have dumped it.

It isn't just "people" but the police who are labeling him as a criminal.


Surely you wouldn't assume that Wells had done something wrong, simply because he had a gun. So the fact that the other fellow had a gun -- and even that he hid it -- doesn't not necessarily mean he was trying to rob someone. Perhaps he was violating terms of parole -- not licit behavior, but not a reason for him to get shot, either.

Perhaps the people in the neighborhood are part of the culture that encourages 15 year olds to think of robbery as an acceptable strategy for getting what you want.

Perhaps. But if that's the conclusion you draw, it's not based on anything in the Plain Dealer article.

If you want to read the article literally, you might note that the teen who got shot was described as a "thief," not a "robber." Yet you now have made both the leap to supposing that he was not only prepared to take things but to do so by force, and the further leap that "people in the neighborhood" support this.

More likely, people are simply unprepared to admit that someone that they know was a criminal.

Again, perhaps. But people on this board seem to be unprepared to admit that Wells' story of self-defense does not appear to be corroborated and may be self-serving. Those aspects do not fit with the nobility of gun-ownership and self-defense.
4.25.2007 12:43pm
Tyrone Slothrop (mail) (www):

The article to which cjc links above has some additional details which seem germane, if not dispositive, to what I've been saying:

Buford was on probation for robbery, said Lt. Thomas Stacho, police spokesman. He had robbed a couple of guys just five blocks away from Wells' house in August 2006.

Cleveland police are still looking for Buford's accomplice. Homicide detectives met with 4th District detectives on Tuesday to compare notes and look at similar robberies from the area in hopes of finding their suspect.

Police recovered surveillance camera tapes Tuesday from the Murtis H. Taylor Multi-Service Center on Kinsman Road. The building's cameras point toward Wells' house.

The video appears to have some value, Stacho said. There is nothing to contradict what Wells told police, Stacho said, but the video may contain information about what took place before and after the shooting.
4.25.2007 12:45pm
Edward Lunny (mail):
"It's a big country. I'm sure "many" 15-year-olds who commit terrible crimes reform themselves".....Based upon what evidence ? I suspect that the high drop out rates in inner city neighborhoods are reflected in the high incarceration rates of inner city denizens ,which tend to refute your assertion. The point can also be made that were young men whom had commited terrible crimes extricating themselves from the consequences of their actions we would all be hearing quite a bit about it, but, in fact, it is those quite rare occasions when this happens that it becomes publicised.

Another common meme among the gun confiscation crowd, also mentioned here, is the correlation of vehicle ownership and firearm ownership. In my state, and several others, the only requirement to purchase a vehicle is money, there are no requirements that it be registered nor licensed to allow purchase. Now, should you desire to legally operate said vehicle on the road, registration, insurance, and licensing are required. The key word there is "legally". Recently, despite the requirement of statewide auto insurance, a nearby metropolitan area was estimated to have a near 50% uninsured and unregistered vehicle population, again the term "legally" comes to the fore. The correlation of automobile registration and firearm registration is a strawman argument and nothing more.
4.25.2007 1:52pm
Edward Lunny (mail):
"Again, perhaps. But people on this board seem to be unprepared to admit that Wells' story of self-defense does not appear to be corroborated and may be self-serving. Those aspects do not fit with the nobility of gun-ownership and self-defense"......Why are you disposed to allow Mr. Wells the same leeway that you've gone way out into left field to give to buford, this despite his known previous disrespect for others and as well the law. Particularly in light of the decision of law enforcement to not arrest him as well as this..."The video appears to have some value, Stacho said. There is nothing to contradict what Wells told police, Stacho said, but the video may contain information about what took place before and after the shooting."
4.25.2007 1:59pm
anonnn (mail):
I was the one who posted earlier about a case in which an armed robbery became felony murder after one of the victims started shooting. The case is Enmund v. Florida, 458 U.S. 782 (1982).

Here's the second paragraph of the dissent (by J. O'Connor). This will clarify that the incident was probably just going to be a robbery before the victim fired her weapon. Again, my point is that in some instances (not the Cleveland one) it's better for the victim to cooperate and be robbed rather than to fire a weapon. (And Clayton, please read the case next time before responding with personal anecdotes. And please don't comment so many times on the same thread.)

The evidence at trial showed that, at approximately 7:30 a.m. on April 1, 1975, Sampson and Jeanette Armstrong approached the back door of Thomas and Eunice Kersey's farmhouse on the pretext of obtaining water for their overheated car. When Thomas Kersey retrieved a water jug to help the Armstrongs, Sampson Armstrong grabbed him, held a gun to him, and told Jeanette Armstrong to take his wallet. Hearing her husband's cries for help, Eunice Kersey came around the side of the house with a gun and shot Jeanette Armstrong. Sampson Armstrong, and perhaps Jeanette Armstrong, returned the fire, killing both of the Kerseys. The Armstrongs dragged the bodies into the kitchen, took Thomas Kersey's money, and fled to a nearby car, where the petitioner, Earl Enmund, was waiting to help the Armstrongs escape.

I think it is fairly obvious that in this case, the robbery would have been over without anyone being killed if the wife hadn't fired her weapon. I submit that in this instance, it was a mistake (although an understandable one).
4.25.2007 2:22pm
Tyrone Slothrop (mail) (www):
Why are you disposed to allow Mr. Wells the same leeway that you've gone way out into left field to give to buford, this despite his known previous disrespect for others and as well the law. Particularly in light of the decision of law enforcement to not arrest him as well as this..."The video appears to have some value, Stacho said. There is nothing to contradict what Wells told police, Stacho said, but the video may contain information about what took place before and after the shooting."

It's entirely possible that Wells acted in self-defense. I don't think I'm going way out into left -- or right -- field on anything. The original newspaper article had nothing in it at all to suggest that Buford provoked Wells, except that the report referred to Buford as a "thief." On the basis of this single word, commenters here suggested they were happy to see him shot or dead. When I read the story, I was suspicious of that word, since the reporter didn't seem to have any basis to know what happened, except Wells' say-so. Since he did the shooting, he's not an unbiased source.

The police apparently have decided not to charge him, which speaks in his favor. Why? We don't know, and neither -- apparently -- does the Plain Dealer. After I posted all of this, I saw the second article with the reference to the videotape, which tends -- to some degree, but not dispositively so -- to exculpate Wells. Has the reporter seen the video? Has s/he talked to anyone who has? If so, I see no sign of it.
4.25.2007 2:31pm
Jeek:
I think it is fairly obvious that in this case, the robbery would have been over without anyone being killed if the wife hadn't fired her weapon. I submit that in this instance, it was a mistake (although an understandable one).

What's obvious about it? If someone comes into your house with a gun, you have to assume they plan to execute you after they rob you.
4.25.2007 3:15pm
gattsuru (mail) (www):
Surely you wouldn't assume that Wells had done something wrong, simply because he had a gun. So the fact that the other fellow had a gun — and even that he hid it — doesn't not necessarily mean he was trying to rob someone. Perhaps he was violating terms of parole — not licit behavior, but not a reason for him to get shot, either.
Actually, it does: it's a felony for anyone under the age of 21 to own a handgun in Ohio (as well as a felony to provide a handgun to anyone under the age of 21 in the United States). It is a felony to conceal a handgun in public without a CCW, and as CCWs aren't licensed to parolees or those under the age of 21, that's another one. In addition, Cleveland still holds open carry to be illegal in spite of state law to the opposite, and as such, showing Mr. Wells a handgun or the print of a handgun is another felony. Approaching someone with a drawn gun (possibly going onto their property!) and what any reasonable person would believe to be unpleasant intent is yet another hefty crime.

If Mr. Well's version of the story is even remotely true — and with security camera data matching it well enough that police officers feel the information agrees, his story seems fairly well-verified — Mr. Buford was far from an angel.

I think it is fairly obvious that in this case, the robbery would have been over without anyone being killed if the wife hadn't fired her weapon. I submit that in this instance, it was a mistake (although an understandable one).

So, exactly how is it obvious they wouldn't have killed their hostage anyway? People like that tend to escalate on their own.
4.25.2007 3:28pm
Yankev (mail):

What gun control law is more severely punished than murder?

As Thomas Jefferson wrote:

Laws that forbid the carrying of arms... disarm only those who are neither inclined nor determined to commit crimes... Such laws make things worse for the assaulted and better for the assailants; they serve rather to encourage than to prevent homicides, for an unarmed man may be attacked with greater confidence than an armed man. Jefferson's "Commonplace Book," 1774_1776, quoting from On Crimes and Punishment, by criminologist Cesare Beccaria, 1764
4.25.2007 3:33pm
Yankev (mail):
To those who asked why he needed a CCW permit, this morning's report in the Columbus Dispatch reported that the two youths followed him home from a local market, confronted him on his porch as he returned home, pulled a gun and demanded money.

To those who point to the lack of corroborating witnesses, common experience suggests that armed robbers will try to avoid the presence of witnesses. This of course does not prove his story, but it makes the lack of witnesses unsurprising.

For those who suggest that the wrath of the dead youth's friends and family is evidence that the shooting was wrongful -- you are kidding, aren't you? We're supposed to gauge this by the reaction of individuals (or mobs) who do not scruple at vandalism, arson and terroristic threats (that's what the Ohio Revised Code calls it, by the way, and it's a crime -- it has nothing to do with political terrorism, so please do not drag that red herring into the discussion).

If anything, the character of his supporters makes it more likely in my eyes that the deceased, with his past record of robberies, was indeed a violent and dangerous punk. Am I glad he's dead? Not especially. Am I glad the homeowner was not shot? You bet.

As Mr. Justice Holmes observed, the law does not demand detached reflection in the presence of an upraised knife. When someone points a gun at you and demands your money, why whould law or morality insist that you stake your life on the good will, peaceful intent and law abiding nature of the assaillant?

I do not know the race of the shooter or the youth. I wonder if the attitudes displayed by some of those who are so quick to assume the innocence of the dead and the guilt of the living -- especially the commenter who accused conservatives of a Duke-like rush to judgment -- would differ were it reported that the punk alleged juvenile offender and his supporters in the neighborhood were all white and the homeowner black.
4.25.2007 3:52pm
Edward Lunny (mail):
" left -- or right -- field "...Heh heh, no pun was intended, heck it could even have been center field. In regards to the news article, if written honestly, one can infer from the report and the reporters knowledge of police info what the feeling of the police is , as regards guilt, fault, and a host of other things. That the police and preliminary reports are not judge and jury is given, but, I think that in many cases the initial "feel" of law enforcement can be reasonably accurate. Now, we all have hindsight here, in that we know bufords prior history, but, in Mr Wells situation, crime afflicted neighborhood, neer-do-wells roaming the streets, etc, I wouldn't be inclined to think the best of anyone, let alone multiple, people wandering uninvited up onto my front porch. And, after indicating that you intend to relieve me of my money and\or possesions at the end of a weapon, your life immediately becomes forfeight. Threatening the lives of my family or myself is a line that ,once crossed, will afford you no mercy or concern on my part.
4.25.2007 4:00pm
Yankev (mail):

let alone multiple, people wandering uninvited up onto my front porch.

Let alone after they have followed you home from the convenience store and confronted you as you attempted to enter your home.
4.25.2007 4:34pm
anonnn (mail):
Jeek: "What's obvious about it?"
Me: Read the goddamn case. It's 458 U.S. 782. I thought it was sufficient to post that one paragraph, but apparently not. If you read the case, you'll see that the robbers had planned this crime, had described what they were planning with someone, and were not intending to kill their victims. It was going to be a robbery and nothing more. They only shot the victims when one started firing.
4.25.2007 5:18pm
WHOI Jacket:
Yankev,

According to the piece in the Plain Dealer, I think both the robber and the victim were black.
4.25.2007 5:34pm
Yankev (mail):
WHOI

Thank you. The Dispatch did not report on the race of those involved. Again, if it were a white mob reacting to the shooting of a white neighbor by a black neighbor, no one (I hope) would point to the mob's fury as proof that the shooting was wrongful. I am appalled that apparently intelligent people of good will would point to mob action as proof of righteous indignation in this case where the shooter and the dead assailant are, apparently, of the same race.
4.25.2007 5:41pm
WHOI Jacket:
Ok, now I can't find the link that I had read that on earlier, so feel free to disregard as necessary, but that might explain why Jesse or Al haven't said anything yet.
4.25.2007 5:46pm
Edward Lunny (mail):
" It was going to be a robbery and nothing more. "....which begs the question as to why they were armed, if it was only going to be a robbery ? This scenario has been played out to many times to the detriment, ie homicide, of an unarmed victim. The presence of an armed criminal precludes any presumption of mercy or honesty to the intended victim. If one has premeditated an armed crime, the survival of the victim(s) is irrelevent. There trully is no honor among thieves or any other criminal.
4.25.2007 6:05pm
gattsuru (mail) (www):
If you read the case, you'll see that the robbers had planned this crime, had described what they were planning with someone, and were not intending to kill their victims. It was going to be a robbery and nothing more. They only shot the victims when one started firing.

A good number of robbers plan to avoid killing anyone, til they realize that their victims have their names and/or fingerprints, or just during the adrenaline rush.

Criminals are neither known for their ability to plan ahead, or for their ability to tell the truth after a crime.
4.25.2007 6:10pm
anonnn (mail):
I'm not going to argue, because I know where you all are coming from. My only point was simply that we should not assume that it's always in the best interest of the intended victim to use a weapon. Yes, criminals can't be trusted to avoid violence if they are armed, but in some cases (and I think Enmund is one of them) it may be that the victim's use of a gun resulted in a murder which would not have happened otherwise.
What's the moral of the story? Life is complicated.
4.25.2007 6:18pm
WHOI Jacket:
Being as Armed Robbery is a more serious crime that Robbery (in my non-lawyer mind at least), why would a robber who "didn't want/plan/intend to kill anyone" bring one along?
4.25.2007 6:18pm
Edward Lunny (mail):
"What's the moral of the story? Life is complicated.".....at least. I'll continue to practice and hone my skills as opposed to hoping that I might be the beneficiary of the largesse of some lowlife dirtbag.
4.25.2007 6:25pm
Aaron:
All that I called for was more facts. It appears that, finally, more facts have appeared, and, if the Dispatch is to be credited, Mr. Wells acted in self-defense. I leave aside the question as to whether he shot the armed or the unarmed perp; that, to me, is irrelevant, once an AIC attempted rob had been established.

What I decried was the hideous joy some commenters took in Buford's death, especially given the dearth of facts upon which to conclude his guilt. I firmly believe in the right to vigorous self-defen