The Volokh Conspiracy

McCain & Judicial Nominations:

Most discussion and debate over Sen. John McCain's record on judicial nominations has focused on his role in the "Gang of 14." See, for example, this defense of his record by Adam White and Kevin White, and this response by Andrew McCarthy and Mark Levin at NRO.

For those (like myself) who follow these issues closely, John Fund presents an interesting McCain tidbit in a column discussing how McCain could mend fences with conservatives:

Then there is the issue of judicial nominations, a top priority with conservatives. Nothing would improve Mr. McCain's standing with conservatives more than a forthright restatement of his previously stated view that "one of our greatest problems in America today is justices that legislate from the bench." Mr. McCain bruised his standing with conservatives on the issue when in 2005 he became a key player in the so-called gang of 14, which derailed an effort to end Democratic filibusters of Bush judicial nominees. More recently, Mr. McCain has told conservatives he would be happy to appoint the likes of Chief Justice John Roberts to the Supreme Court. But he indicated he might draw the line on a Samuel Alito, because "he wore his conservatism on his sleeve."
So if Justice Alito was too openly conservative for McCain, what sort of justice would he appoint? Who, if not Alito, would qualify as a nominee like John Roberts?

UPDATE: NRO's Byron York got the chance to ask McCain about the quote. He reports:

I got a moment with John McCain, after an airport rally here in Orlando, to ask him about a report today by John Fund quoting some unnamed conservatives quoting McCain to the effect that, in Fund's words, "[McCain] would be happy to appoint the likes of Chief Justice John Roberts to the Supreme Court. But he indicated he might draw the line on a Samuel Alito, because 'he wore his conservatism on his sleeve.'"

"Let me just look you in the eye," McCain told me. "I've said a thousand times on this campaign trail, I've said as often as I can, that I want to find clones of Alito and Roberts. I worked as hard as anybody to get them confirmed. I look you in the eye and tell you I've said a thousand times that I wanted Alito and Roberts. I have told anybody who will listen. I flat-out tell you I will have people as close to Roberts and Alito [as possible], and I am proud of my record of working to get them confirmed, and people who worked to get them confirmed will tell you how hard I worked."

"I don't get it," McCain continued. "I have a clear record of that. All I can tell you is my record is clear: I've supported these guys. I went to the floor of the Senate and spoke in favor of them. It's in the record, saying, 'You've got to confirm these people.'"

I asked whether McCain had ever drawn any distinction between Roberts and Alito. "No, no, of course not," McCain said.

I asked about the "wore his conservatism on his sleeve" line. "I'm proud of people who wear their conservatism on their sleeves, because they have to have a clear record of strict adherence to the Constitution," McCain told me. "Remember, in all my remarks, I've said, look, we're not going to take somebody's word for it. You have to have a clear record of adherence to the Constitution, a strict interpretation of the Constitution. I have said that time after time after time."

"And maybe as an aside, why would I say anything derogatory about somebody like that? What would be the point, after working so hard to get not only those two confirmed, but the Gang of 14 ­ which I know is controversial ­ but our record of getting those judges confirmed that the president nominated, I'm still proud of."

This would seem to be a complete disavowal of the substance of John Fund's report. It is also consistent with other remarks McCain has made, as Ramesh Ponnuru notes here [and a commenter notes below].

One very minor caveat: In his exchange with York McCain further claims that he "continued to fight for" confirmation of the Bush nominees who the Gang of 14 did not agree to support. This statement is harder to credit. It has been widely reported that Senator McCain opposed the confirmation of one nominee, Michael Haynes, to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. McCain objected to Haynes' role in the development of military policies on enemy combatants and interrogation methods. This is wholly understandable given McCain's strong position on the subject, and I doubt it would dissuade anyone who is otherwise considering throwing their support behind McCain.

Meanwhile, John Fund is reportedly standing by his story. SECOND UPDATE: More from Professor Bainbridge here.

andy (mail) (www):
maybe he will nominate a republican like Gerald Ford did...e.g., Justice Stevens.
1.28.2008 11:19am
Jim Hu:
Semi-independent of the conservative-liberal axis - would he appoint judges who would uphold McCain-Feingold/overturn Wisconsin Right to Life?
1.28.2008 11:28am
Hoosier:
Alito wore it "on his sleeve"? I thought you guys wear those James Madison *neckties*.

But then I didn't go to law school.

Conservatives of various stripes have to ask themselves whether Hillary! or CHANGE-Obama-CHANGE will nominate judges that they prefer to McCain's (theoretical) choices. An obvious point, I know. But McCain is the best shot for the GOP in what is going to be a rough election year for them in any case. I'd trust him before I'd trust the two Democratic front-runners.
1.28.2008 11:28am
Benjamin P. Hayek (mail) (www):
This issue alone precludes McCain as a thinkable option, at least for me. I understand the obviously political nature of McCain's statement, but how anyone (who knows anything about the critical importance of the federal judiciary) can support McCain's underlying assumption that all conservatives must be "in the closet," if you will, about their conservativism is, respectfully, deeply troubling. The left will assassinate the characters of the "out of the closet" conservatives like Bork and Thomas, and will scream for more information about the "stealth" conservatives like Miguel Estrada. It's a lose-lose under the current corrupt, unconstitutional system, and that McCain not only allowed but facilitated its preservation is absolutely unforgivable - and unforgettable.
1.28.2008 11:36am
Alan P (mail):

Conservatives of various stripes have to ask themselves whether Hillary! or CHANGE-Obama-CHANGE will nominate judges that they prefer to McCain's (theoretical) choices.


But why should they be any smarter than the imbeciles in Florida who supported Green Party candidate Nader instead of Gore because he would have been better for the environment.

It is in the nature of extremists of both wings to prefer to lose purely than accept any compromise.
1.28.2008 11:38am
JosephSlater (mail):
If there's a Dem president and a Dem majority in the Senate, would it still be unforgiveably unconservative (to some Republicans) to oppose filibusters on judicial appointments?
1.28.2008 11:44am
Pub Editor:

But he indicated he might draw the line on a Samuel Alito, because "he wore his conservatism on his sleeve."

Alito wore it "on his sleeve"? I thought you guys wear those James Madison *neckties*.

Maybe J. Alito has Federalist Society cufflinks. :-)
1.28.2008 11:45am
DiverDan (mail):
Frankly, I am much less concerned about McCain's participation in the "Gang of 14", which can be justified as a pragmatic attempt to avoid a highly devisive fillibuster fight, than his participation in McCain-Feingold, which I view as a frontal attack on the First Amendment. As to McCain's potential judicial nominees, it is true that I trust him much more than I would trust either Clinton or Obama, but that is not saying a lot. Sadly, we have another presidential election coming up where a great many of us (myself included) will have to hold our noses &vote for the least bad alternative.
1.28.2008 11:46am
CDU (mail) (www):
I understand the obviously political nature of McCain's statement, but how anyone (who knows anything about the critical importance of the federal judiciary) can support McCain's underlying assumption that all conservatives must be "in the closet," if you will, about their conservativism is, respectfully, deeply troubling
If the Democrats maintain control of the Senate (the most probable outcome at this point) then any Republican president is going to have to nominate conservatives who are "in the closet" if he wants to get them confirmed.
1.28.2008 11:48am
Thorley Winston (mail) (www):
But he indicated he might draw the line on a Samuel Alito, because "he wore his conservatism on his sleeve."


Has anyone seen a source for that quote because I don’t remember Senator McCain ever saying it and when I did a google search of the phrase "he wore his conservatism on his sleeve" the only hits I get is this article and blogs that reference this article.
1.28.2008 12:00pm
Eric Muller (www):
I would just like to say right here and now that I am available for the position.
1.28.2008 12:01pm
Brett Bellmore:

than his participation in McCain-Feingold, which I view as a frontal attack on the First Amendment.


Based on some of McCain's on the record statements, HE views it as such an attack, too.
1.28.2008 12:19pm
Tim Dowling (mail):
Thorley Winston -- That was my reaction as well. Perhaps Mr. Fund is having an inauthentic moment. From start to finish during the confirmation process, McCain said he was very favorably disposed toward Alito.
1.28.2008 12:21pm
Tim Dowling (mail):
Here's McCain in Nov. 2006:

The efforts we undertook a year and a half ago, working with Senators of both parties, who were concerned about abuses of the filibuster tradition, was resulted in a substantial increase in the confirmation of the President’s Circuit Court nominees. Priscilla Owen, Janice Rogers Brown, and Bill Pryor have all been confirmed, and this year Brett Kavanaugh was confirmed to the US Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit. The President nominated these individuals; I supported each of their nominations; and we fought successfully to confirm them. President Bush now has a higher percentage of his nominations confirmed to both the District Courts and the Circuit Courts than did President Clinton during his presidency. I am also proud to see Chief Justice Roberts and Associate Justice Alito serving with such distinction on the Supreme Court."
1.28.2008 12:27pm
Thorley Winston (mail) (www):
Does anyone know the email address of John Fund at the Wall Street Journal? I would like to ask him if you could provide a source for the McCain quote as I am unable to locate anything other than his article as the source for it.
1.28.2008 12:42pm
Thorley Winston (mail) (www):
Make that "ask him if he could a source"
1.28.2008 12:43pm
Jonathan H. Adler (mail) (www):
Prof. Slater --

Many conservatives argued against filibusters of judicial nominations as "extra-constitutional." I would expect such conservatives to continue to oppose such filibusters if/when there is a Democratic president. I will certainly oppose any use of the filibuster to block Democratic judicial nominees, and I know others (e.g. Hugh Hewitt) are on record staking out this position as well.

Interestingly enough, in an interview on the Glenn &Helen Show, McCain argued that one argument in support of the "Gang of 14" deal was that it preserved the filibuster for judicial nominations so Republicans could use it against unacceptable Democratic nominees. Adam White &Kevin White also make this argument.

JHA
1.28.2008 12:45pm
Bob from Ohio (mail):
I second the thoughts about Fund's piece. No source. What conservatives heard this statement? When? What is the full quote?
1.28.2008 12:47pm
JosephSlater (mail):
JHA:

Thanks for the thoughtful answer (and please call me Joe). FWIW, I personally would get rid of all filibusters on all matters. But nobody's giving me that authority and I'm not holding my breath waiting for it to happen.

As to the conservative position on filibusters, I would defer to your knowledge of the relevant community. But I'm thinking actual Republican elected officials might not be that principled (I recall their positions on, say, term limits and the balanced budget amendment back when Republicans weren't in the majority and then, well, when they were). That's not to say Dems are more principled, but rather that my question should have been more specific: will Republican elected officials still think it a violation of conservative principles to vote to filibuster a Dem-nominted judge?
1.28.2008 12:54pm
Dilan Esper (mail) (www):
To add to what Prof. Slater says, it isn't as though the position against judicial filibusters was anything other than a made-up argument to fit the Republicans' political situation pre-2006 anyway.

The Constitution says nothing about filibusters. Nothing about filibusters in legislation, and nothing aboug filibusters in judicial nominations. It just requires the "consent" of the Senate. And it permits the Senate to make its own rules. Thus, the Senate determines what "consent" is.

Further, if filibusters of judicial nominations really were unconstitutional, how would it be constitutional to deny nominees votes, or place secret holds on them, or use all the other nonmajoritarian tactics that Republicans used to prevent Democratic nominees with Senate majorities behind them from being confirmed?

The fact is, it is perfectly obvious that filibusters, including judicial filibusters, aren't unconstitutional. They are simply one of the many rules and processes installed by the Senate to whittle down the various matters that are placed under its consideration and to determine what will get an up or down vote. And conservatives know this.

I don't expect conservatives to continue advocating for the proposition that judicial filibusters are unconstitutional when the Democrats are in power for the simple reason that I don't think conservatives really believe they are unconstitutional. This was a power play, pure and simple.
1.28.2008 1:02pm
Thorley Winston (mail) (www):
Just so no one gets the wrong impression, I’m not suggesting that John Fund made up the McCain quote nor am I suggesting that if you can’t find something on google, it must not exist. I just think that since that’s the most damaging part of the editorial and it’s coming out the day before the Florida primary, we ought to know what the source for that statement by Senator McCain. The fact that it doesn’t show up on google isn’t proof that it doesn’t exist but it is rather troubling not to be able to find a prior record of this statement on the internet, particularly given how much was written about McCain by the critics of his involvement with the Gang of Fourteen.
1.28.2008 1:06pm
DJR:
Wow. Swift-boating becomes so easy in the internet age. How likely would McCain be, in the midst of a nomination battle where candidates from both parties play to their base, to take a swipe at conservative darling Justice Alito?

In addition to his television appearances around the time of Alito's nomination, in which he unflaggingly said positive things about him, here's McCain talking to South Carolinians last year about Roberts and Alito:


McCain called them “two of the finest justices ever appointed to the United States Supreme Court.”

As McCain made a point of telling the audience in Columbia, “there may be as many as three vacancies on the United States Supreme Court” in the next presidential term. “It’s going to be a very, very important responsibility of the next president.”

His judges, he implied would be in the mold of Thomas, Alito and Roberts and, he vowed, “would strictly interpret the Constitution.”


Note to overly credulous bloggers: McCain's black baby wanted to filibuster Alito!
1.28.2008 2:12pm
Thorley Winston (mail) (www):
Senator McCain responds to the Fund article:

I got a moment with John McCain, after an airport rally here in Orlando, to ask him about report today by John Fund quoting some unnamed conservatives quoting McCain to the effect that, in Fund's words, "[McCain] would be happy to appoint the likes of Chief Justice John Roberts to the Supreme Court. But he indicated he might draw the line on a Samuel Alito, because 'he wore his conservatism on his sleeve.'"

"Let me just look you in the eye," McCain told me. "I've said a thousand times on this campaign trail, I've said as often as I can, that I want to find clones of Alito and Roberts. I worked as hard as anybody to get them confirmed. I look you in the eye and tell you I've said a thousand times that I wanted Alito and Roberts. I have told anybody who will listen. I flat-out tell you I will have people as close to Roberts and Alito [as possible], and I am proud of my record of working to get them confirmed, and people who worked to get them confirmed will tell you how hard I worked."

"I don't get it," McCain continued. "I have a clear record of that. All I can tell you is my record is clear: I've supported these guys. I went to the floor of the Senate and spoke in favor of them. It's in the record, saying, 'You've got to confirm these people.'"

I asked whether McCain had ever drawn any distinction between Roberts and Alito. "No, no, of course not," McCain said.

I asked about the "wore his conservatism on his sleeve" line. "I'm proud of people who wear their conservatism on their sleeves, because they have to have a clear record of strict adherence to the Constitution," McCain told me. "Remember, in all my remarks, I've said, look, we're not going to take somebody's word for it. You have to have a clear record of adherence to the Constitution, a strict interpretation of the Constitution. I have said that time after time after time."

"And maybe as an aside, why would I say anything derogatory about somebody like that? What would be the point, after working so hard to get not only those two confirmed, but the Gang of 14 ¬ which I know is controversial ¬ but our record of getting those judges confirmed that the president nominated, I'm still proud of."




While I’m tentatively a Romney supporter and I think Senator McCain is wrong on a few issues, I do respect him and think he has generally been straightforward about his areas of disagreement. Moreover the fact that there is no record of him uttering these words anywhere except for the unsourced John Fund editorial and it is now only appearing the day before the Florida primary sends off more than a few red flags.
1.28.2008 3:10pm
Tim Dowling (mail):
Thanks for posting the response. I don’t think Fund made it up. I think some opp. research team made it up and sent it to Fund, who then applied his usual editorial controls to ensure its accuracy. Running it the day before Florida makes it all the more special. A falsehood gets halfway around the world before the truth has a chance to put on its shoes.
1.28.2008 3:26pm
Benjamin P. Hayek (mail) (www):
The judicial filibuster is either "extra-constitutional" or unconstitutional, no matter which party deploys it.

I'm with Adler and Hewitt.
1.28.2008 3:37pm
Gramarye:
I remember seeing one of the GOP confrontationalists during the fight leading up to the Gang of 14 asked by a news anchor "what would stop you from doing this on legislative filibusters, too?" (Or what would stop the Democrats from doing so if they retook the majority and wanted to end a Republican filibuster of legislation?) The response was "that's totally different, that's legislation, this is a presidential nomination."

It was pretty baldly and unashamedly self-serving, and drew a distinction without a difference. As the piece by the Whites noted, the "constitutional option" or "nuclear option" is really just "a way to work the parliamentary procedure rules to get the outcome we want." There's nothing that would stop either Democrats or Republicans from doing the exact same thing on a legislative proposal, and essentially killing the filibuster forever.

Personally, I think that might not be half bad as an outcome, but that is definitely not the way I'd like to see it come about.
1.28.2008 4:02pm
DJR:
What, Ramesh Ponnuru quotes the exact language I do, with the exact same link, only an hour later, and he gets the link, rather than your own post's commenter?
1.28.2008 5:01pm
bittern (mail):
Mr. Hayek, it's all swell of you to promise to admire the same theories when the tables are turned, but you and Prof Adler forgot to attach any thought to your "principle" that it's unconstitutional for the senate to run itself with regard to presidential appointments, I mean presidential appointments. I've never seen Dilan Esper's argument touched. Not ever.

With respect to Sen. McCain's worry about conservatism on sleeves -- why, in his long response to BYork, did he not say that he never said such a thing, or that he didn't remember saying such a thing, or that if he'd said such a thing, he'd expressed himself poorly, or been mistaken? I find it odd that his discussion is all so peripheral. Does this, too, reflect the Republican mind at work?
1.28.2008 5:21pm
Hoosier:
"I've said a thousand times on this campaign trail, I've said as often as I can, that I want to find clones of Alito and Roberts."

First McCain-Feingold, then the Gang of 14, and now HUMAN CLONING!

He is CLEARLY no conservative!
1.28.2008 7:13pm
Dilan Esper (mail) (www):
I think Hoosier just won the thread.
1.28.2008 7:22pm
Tom Maguire (mail) (www):
Some reporting on McCain and judges:

April 2007:

"He told his audience ... I’m also proud of the fact that (Republican senator) Lindsey Graham and I –- with five other Republicans joined with seven Democrats” to design an anti-filibuster deal that allowed Bush nominees John Roberts and Sam Alito to win confirmation.

Promising conservative judges

McCain called them “two of the finest justices ever appointed to the United States Supreme Court.”

As McCain made a point of telling the audience in Columbia, “there may be as many as three vacancies on the United States Supreme Court” in the next presidential term. “It’s going to be a very, very important responsibility of the next president.”

His judges, he implied would be in the mold of Thomas, Alito and Roberts and, he vowed, “would strictly interpret the Constitution.”"

Jan 18, 2008
:

Mr. McCain emphasized his commitment to appoint conservative Supreme Court judges. At a rally earlier in the day he called justices John Roberts and Samuel Alito “two of the finest judges … in the history of this country.” On the Yorktown, he told the crowd that as president he would “look for a clone of Justice Roberts. I’ll look all over the planet.”

Jan 25, 2008:

As models of who he would select, John McCain pointed to Justices Samuel Alito and Antonin Scalia.
1.28.2008 8:33pm
Thorley Winston (mail) (www):

Meanwhile, John Fund is reportedly standing by his story.


I’m tentatively a Romney supporter but I’ll say it – unless John Fund either names his sources or they step forward, as far as I’m concerned he is standing on a foundation of sand. I’ll take the word of one man – whom I know to be honorable even if he’s wrong some of the time – defending his reputation over that of any number of anonymous cowards who won’t go on the record with their accusations.
1.28.2008 10:56pm
Tim Dowling (mail):
Mr. Winston -- Well said.
1.28.2008 11:16pm