Believe it or not, the issue has just come up. The Wisconsin Court of Appeals concludes that it indeed probably isn't a crime (or at least not the crime charged), but that the defendant waived the argument by pleading no contest:
Hathaway first argues his conviction should be reversed because the term “animal” in WIS. STAT. § 944.17(2)(c) does not include an animal carcass. He rather convincingly contends that “animal” means a living creature.
However, Hathaway pled no contest to the charge. A plea of guilty or no contest waives all nonjurisdictional defects and defenses.... [Hathaway's] argument that having sex with a dead deer does not violate the statute is a nonjurisdictional argument. It does not go to subject matter jurisdiction. Consequently, the argument was waived.
Thanks to How Appealing for the pointer.
Technically interesting, yes. Appealing? Yech.
Just goes to prove that the law can take any subject and make it incredibly droll. Nonjurisdictional argument, indeed.
I thought that all a "no contest" plea did was admit to the facts of the case, and nothing more. That is, you're admitting to the facts laid out in the charging document. So, in this case, that would be admitting that he did have sex with the dead dear. But I thought the plea still left open the question of whether the law itself was violated (that is, whether the acts admitted to actually violated the law).
So, how is this jurisdictional (or, in this case, nonjurisdictional)?
Deer assault case presents unusual issues
Duluth News Tribune
...
[Material trimmed for copyright reasons. -EV]
The Webster's dictionary defines "animal" as "any of a kingdom of
living beings," [public defender Fredric] Anderson said.
If you include carcasses in that definition, he said, "you really go
down a slippery slope with absurd results."
Anderson argued: When does a turkey cease to be an animal? When it is dead?
When it is wrapped in plastic packaging in the freezer? When it is
served, fully cooked?
A judge should decide what the Legislature intended "animal" to mean
in the statute, he said. "And the only clear point to draw the line in
that definition, I believe, is the point of death."
Assistant District Attorney James Boughner said the court can use a
dictionary to determine the meaning of the word, but it doesn't have
to.
"The common and ordinary meaning of a word can be found in how people
actually use the word," Boughner wrote in his response to the motion.
When a person's pet dog dies, he told Lucci, the person still refers
to the dog as his or her dog, not a carcass.
"It stays a dog for some time," Boughner said....
(c) 2006, Duluth News Tribune (Duluth, Minn.).
Visit the Web site of the News Tribune at http://www.duluthsuperior.com
Distributed by McClatchy-Tribune Information Services.
is when you get a hard-on making lassie a fatality!
Man has a problem. He was punished for shooting the horse. He learned his lession. He isn't going around shooting horses anymore.
"[H]e saw the dead deer in the ditch and moved it into the woods." A public service.
So what happens? He gets slammed because he pleads "no contest."
Also, shouldn't this law be unconstitutional under Lawrence v. Texas
You have it completely backwards. The whole point of pleading "no contest" is to handle the case where the defendant denies the facts of the case but realizes that no defense is possible.
I am a lawyer and that's the way I learned it. But I went to a state school.
Beating off a dead horse, you mean.
you have no right to plead nolo...and the judge must accept that neither a not guilty or guilty plea would be appropriate.
But then I have a more normal sense of revulsion than this defendant appears to.
I'm wondering if this may differ depending on the state. Here's part of what the Ohio Statutes say about "no contest" pleas:
That does not appear to agree what happened in the dead deer case.
(Or should that be "ewe" in this case?)
I was clerking for the appellate court and ran up against case law that said charging someone with something that wasn't an offense wasn't jurisdictional. Could have knocked me over with a feather -- here I am, a brand new lawyer, and the law couldn't or wouldn't fix this mistake?!
My judge was willing to fix it, though, regardless, and we reversed the conviction -- and managed not to get reversed on appeal. I guess the higher court, too, thought it was unjust.
And this was in Texas, not known for liberal judges . . . .
Thanks again, Volokh, for giving snippets of cases vastly more entertaining than those in our casebooks.
Rules regarding no contest pleas are state by state. In my jurisdiction they can be used against you in civil cases, in almost all circumstances. (What's the difference between no contest and guilty you ask? Not a whole hell of a lot). And you don't need the judge's permission to plead no contest. You can plead as a matter of right. BTW, I have heard that in Ohio pleading no contest automatically preserves all appellate issues. Not so here...Here is AK for anyone interested.
A twist in Craig's case is that he pled to disrderly conduct, rather than to the original charge of lewd conduct. The statute under which he pled probably doesn't have the same defects, so attacking the plea would be harder than attacking a plea to lewd conduct.
But even then, there would be enormous hurdles to overcome. Here in California a defendant who pleads guilty cannot challenge the constitutionality of the statute (or the sufficiency of the evidence, which is what one must argue when claiming that the alleged acts don't fit the definition of the crime) on appeal unless he gets a certificate of probable cause from the trial judge before the deadline for filing a notice of appeal has passed. Judges are not required to issue such certificates, and even when they do the process takes time. Without such a certificate an appeal like Craig's (or mls's) would be doomed. I don't know whether Minnesota (where Craig was charged) has a similar rule, but my guess is that it does.
Craig's case is *legally* similar to the Hathaway case because in both the defendant pled to a crime which the charges did not substantiate and then tried to get out of the conviction on that basis. The cases are not *factually* similar, and I did not mean to suggest that there is any similarity between gay sex and sex with dead animals.
I've been on this site long enough to have seen many such misunderstandings. I just wish I had seen the potential for this one before I clicked "post comment".
However, another provision says
Wisconsin seems to have no similar provision. Thus, the Wisconsin court was able to say
In Ohio, he would have still been able to challenge the conviction based on the motion to dismiss.
In WI, btw, a no-contest plea is functionally the same as a guilty plea except there is no admission of civil liability. When you make a no-contest plea, you are actually found guilty by the judge.
So, ... in a civil case the deer's estate will have to prove the facts by a preponderance of the evidence?
He has brough shame on the great state of Wisconsin.
BUT:
In a world with limited prison space, locking up a guy for inappropriate treatment of roadkill means we have to let someone else out in much the same way we release burglars to make room for Teenage Tom who stupidly smoked a doobie on mass transit. As long as this putz has, to paraphrase commentor Pon Raul's words, learned his lesson about shooting other people's horses, why should I pay taxes to incarcerate him? My possessions and family are in more danger from burglars than potheads or necrobestialists.
Just sayin'.
One final thought: If I ever run for office, will this become an attack ad? "Smallholder doesn't share our Wisconsin values: He advocates decriminalization of necrobestiality!" Heh.
Since the dead deer case happened almost immediately after he was released from prison on the dead horse case, I wouldn't say he learned his lesson.
Not so in Florida at least. A "friend of mine" plead no contest to a charge of under-age drinking, and the outcome was "adjudication witheld." He learnt his lesson though, and was no serial re-offender (admittedly, he turned 21 soon after...)
The civil standard for the Deer's estate would be the prepondeerance of the evidence.
I assume he learned the lesson of not shooting other people's animals and instead settled for roadkill, which violated no property rights.
The real danger here: If this case becomes precedent, by the slippery slope argument Portnoy would be liable for necro-bestiality for what he did to that slice of liver.
Isn't that a song in Mary Poppins? I think it works with the tune...
Excuse me, after reading this thread, I'm going to have to wash my soul out with bleach and scrub it with steel wool.
You're right. Definitely Gilbert and Sullivan. What I hate is people who only write two lines and leave you hanging.
And you're also right about the bleach and steel wool....
Maybe I should have gone into the law, if it's as funny as some of this thread. Oh, well, opportunity lost.... I have had a few fun moments in courtrooms, though.