The Volokh Conspiracy

"Stupid Nerds" and School Shootings:

Forensic psychologist and blogger Helen Smith comments on my post on the travails of "stupid nerds," and suggests that stupid nerds oppressed by the high school social hierarchy might be responsible for some of the high-profile schools shootings of recent years:

I wonder if kids who shoot up schools tend to be "stupid nerds" as opposed to "intelligent nerds?" Does prestige for one's intelligence or "genius" protect one from acting out violently? Perhaps--certainly some school shooters felt that they were not living up to their potential--but maybe they knew deep down that they had little potential for doing great things and this pushed them over the edge when combined with bullying.

It seems to me a plausible speculation. Certainly, the Columbine killers and some other school shooting perpetrators seem to fit the "stupid nerd" profile. As far as I can tell, these individuals were "nerdy" enough to be interested in ideas (including various crackpot theories that they used to justify their violent acts), but not enough to actually accomplish anything of note in the academic or intellectual spheres. And of course most shooters do indeed tend to stand low on the high school social totem pole. However, we won't know if the theory really does explain a substantial proportion of school shootings until someone does a systematic study.

I should emphasize that even if Smith's theory is correct, it in now way justifies the shooters' acts. Killing people is not a defensible response to social putdowns. Her theory also does not change the reality that the overwhelming majority of "stupid nerds" aren't dangerous. Even if school shooters are more common in this subgroup than in others, they would still be only a miniscule fraction of the total "stupid nerd" population.

Related Posts (on one page):

  1. "Stupid Nerds" and School Shootings:
  2. The Tragedy of the Stupid Nerd:
Ricardo (mail):
As far as Columbine is concerned, there is convincing evidence that Eric Harris was a psychopath.

http://www.slate.com/id/2099203/

Now, it's possible that as someone without any great intellectual gift or charisma, he realized he would never be able to accomplish what intelligent or more charismatic psychopaths manage to do: say, embezzle money from a business or defraud people out of their life savings.

But the idea that Harris at least, if not Klebold, were raging against more popular jocks appears to be a myth.
5.19.2008 3:39am
Ilya Somin:
As far as Columbine is concerned, there is convincing evidence that Eric Harris was a psychopath.

Quite possibly. But psychopath and "stupid nerd" are not mutually exclusive categories. Both could have contributed to his actions.
5.19.2008 3:42am
Asher (mail):
I would say that, yes, most, maybe even all, school shooters are stupid nerds. The Va Tech kid was definitely one. But I don't think that their knowing that they had little potential for doing great things pushed them over the edge. Very few people have the potential to do great things. It's not much of a reason to kill yourself, much less others. Where I think the stupidity, or average intelligence, comes into play is twofold. One, knowing that they won't be great successes, there's not the disincentive to end their life that a kid with promise would feel. Two, where someone brighter might realize how pathetic a school shooting would seem, a stupid nerd might think that shooting a bunch of kids will cause everyone to realize how horribly they mistreated him*, not realizing that (a) no one will react in this way, and (b) even if they did, it wouldn't do him any good since he'd be dead. In that way, school shooters are probably similar to teenagers who think suicide's a bright idea because everyone will finally appreciate them once they're gone. If they just read Wittgenstein, they'd know that

Death is not an event in life. We do not live to experience death.

and see how stupid that is.


* The VaTech kid made some remarks in his tape to this effect.
5.19.2008 4:38am
George Weiss (mail) (www):

I should emphasize that even if Smith's theory is correct, it in now way justifies the shooters' acts. Killing people is not a defensible response to social putdowns.



worried about some stupid nerds in the audience i see
5.19.2008 5:37am
American Psikhushka (mail) (www):
Hmmm, legal wonks speculating about abnormal psychology.

I don't buy it. As pointed out in the other thread you haven't differentiated between "stupid nerds" who are underachievers due to regular adolescent underachieving and those who are underachieving due to lack of ability. And I don't think Dale Carnegie would recommend that label, its equivalent to "legal wonks with poor social skills" or "immature legal wonks".

It's a very rare phenomenon, although not rare enough. It appears to be as rare as or even rarer than serial killers and the shrinkers have a hard enough time getting a handle on them. I don't think picking on every kid that isn't making out with a cheerleader regularly is going to result in you finding the answer to it all.
5.19.2008 5:53am
Nathan_M (mail):
Dr Smith's opinion has a certain plausibility to it. But given how rare school shootings are, I have a hard time believing it. Potential shooters are highly disturbed individuals. Are they really going to have the self-knowledge necessary to accurately assess their intellectual ability?

And even if they do, is someone who is otherwise willing to shoot up his school not going to do it because he realizes he's smart enough to get a computer science degree? Somehow I doubt it.

I don't know how intelligent the Virginia Tech shooter was, but from the fact he was a senior at Virginia Tech I doubt he fits into the "stupid nerd" category. Certainly he had serious social problems, but I don't see any reason to think he wasn't intelligent.
5.19.2008 6:02am
TruePath (mail) (www):
The fact that 'stupid nerds' are most likely to be this kind of rampage shooter seems pretty trivial and non-explanatory to me. I mean I don't see why this observation is any different than the observation that people who aren't having good sex are way more likely to be this kind of rampage shooter.

I mean ultimately it seems the phenomena that both this facts are hitting upon is the obvious fact that people with good things going for them are less likely to go on shooting rampages (because of both causal directions).

---

Moreover, it seems a large reason that nerds commit these kinds of shootings is simply that what it takes to be 'this kind of shooting' is that it be committed by someone we think of as a nerd. I mean it's not like their aren't other types of people who go on murder sprees. Think of the para-military style sniper shootings or mass poisonings. Even the texas tower shooting which was a school rampage by any objective measure for some reason seems not to be grouped with this type of attack. I propose for the simple reason that the offender didn't fit into our nerd lashing out narrative.

At best I think we might be able to say that meek anti-social types are more likely to commit their killings in one short burst if they snap than other people (and I'm still skeptical).
5.19.2008 6:11am
TruePath (mail) (www):
Moreover, I kinda object to the whole 'stupid nerd' charachterization. It seems to me that all it does is obscure the issue by coining a buzzword.

I understand what a nerd is but largely this involves their self-definition in terms of their academic abilities. I'm not at all sure how being a "stupid nerd" differs from having low social status and being anti-social/failing social interactions.

Also something about the term really just irks me at a deep level but I can't put my finger on what it is. Maybe I feel that nerd should be reserved for the intelligent kind I dunno.
5.19.2008 6:16am
Porkchop:
For those who are interested, here is a link to the Secret Service study on school shootings.

http://www.secretservice.gov/ntac/ssi_final_report.pdf

I can never get the link feature to work on this board, so I'm putting it up in plain text.
5.19.2008 7:53am
Porkchop:
Key findings from the Secret Service report:


• Incidents of targeted violence at school rarely were sudden, impulsive acts.
• Prior to most incidents, other people knew about the attacker’s idea and/or plan to attack.
• Most attackers did not threaten their targets directly prior to advancing the attack.
• There is no accurate or useful "profile" of students who engaged in targeted school violence.13
• Most attackers engaged in some behavior prior to the incident that caused others concern or indicated a need for help.
• Most attackers had difficulty coping with significant losses or personal failures. Moreover, many had considered or attempted suicide.
• Many attackers felt bullied, persecuted or injured by others prior to the attack.
• Most attackers had access to and had used weapons prior to the attack.
• In many cases, other students were involved in some capacity.
• Despite prompt law enforcement responses, most shooting incidents were stopped by means other than law nforcement intervention.
Footnote:

13 Here the term "profile" refers to a set of demographic and other traits that a set of perpetrators of a crime
have in common. Please refer to "Characterizing the Attacker" in Chapter III and to Reddy et al. (2001),
"Evaluating risk for targeted violence in schools" in the Resources section for further explanation of the term "profile."

5.19.2008 8:00am
Bama 1L:
The "nerd" paradigm--that academic achievement and social status are inversely related--really needs to be reconsidered. It makes for entertaining movies but is not descriptive of any actual high school I've ever heard of.

By far most of my high-school classmates who took honors/AP courses, went to competitive colleges, and otherwise did well in school were well-adjusted, fashionably-dressed, and went out on dates. They ran the student government and the publications. They were voted onto homecoming court. They were not "nerds" even though they took calculus, economics, and organic chemistry in high school.

Indeed, if you look at the "nerds" from my class, you'd find they didn't do any better in terms of college admissions than the "jocks" did--especially since a varsity letter may convince an admissions officer to overlook a low grade whereas a collection of Magic cards won't.
5.19.2008 8:24am
von (mail) (www):
Y'know what's incredibly nerdy? Blogging about various nerditional types, and then having a psychologist expand on the discussion. (Also nerdy: commenting on said blog posts and coining the term "nerditional type".)

Still unclear, however, is whether any or all of us belong in the stupid nerd category.
5.19.2008 9:46am
Richard Aubrey (mail):
There are not that many successful jocks who combine that with good grades--possibly honor roll--and social adeptness.
By the definition here, everybody else is a stupid nerd.
That's about 90%.
It's a useless concept.
For the record, my kids were in the ten percent.

Innyway, Mark Twain has Tom Sawyer reflecting on his punishment by Aunt Polly--when it was Sid who upset the sugar bowl--and contemplating how sad they'd all be if he died, how they'd know then how they'd mistreated him, and how bad they'd feel.

I'll take Twain's insights on human nature over the first twelve shrinks in the Yellow Pages.

Killing others emphasizes the enormity of the injustice the kid feels. Now they'll really know. Suicide doesn't make the same impression.
5.19.2008 10:16am
bornyesterday (mail) (www):
Back in my senior year in high school, where I was most definitely one of the "nerds", though well-known and not mistreated, there was a shooting threat near the end of the year. When I was walking through the halls, the majority of the school population was standing around in the halls, as per their usual routine. Looking back now, I'm of mixed opinion about this behavior, but at the time I thought them all thoroughly stupid. I got to my first class and started talking with my teacher about the situation. As part of the discussion, I outlined how I, if I were crazy enough to do it, would have gone about killing large numbers of students using pipebombs in the garbage cans which were located at the primary gathering points of students between classes (I estimated that I could take out 40+ killed and wounded). One of the girls in my class overheard, and responded in shock and a little bit of fear saying how horrible it was of me to think of it. My teacher responded to her that I wasn't a person who would actually do the things I had outlined, but that the fact that I could think of it means that someone who would do it could probably think of the same things that I had.

I'm going to second what Bama 1L said. The majority of the popular and successful people in my school took honors and ap classes, played sports, and/or were in student government. You had subsets of geeks - band geeks, jrotc geeks, tech geeks, etc - but for the most part, the truly socially awkward kids were not in the advanced classes I took.
5.19.2008 10:26am
Alex84:
maybe the shootings were just commited by crazy, mentally unstable teens, who didn't receive any guidance at home - instead of this nerd thesis - furthermore, by virutue of being a "nerd" aren't you somewhat intelligent? When I hear the word "nerd", I think of a really intelligent dungeons and dragons player, not the weird kids who where black coats and hate everyone in school.
5.19.2008 10:44am
M. Gross (mail):

I don't know how intelligent the Virginia Tech shooter was, but from the fact he was a senior at Virginia Tech I doubt he fits into the "stupid nerd" category. Certainly he had serious social problems, but I don't see any reason to think he wasn't intelligent.


Seung Cho's writings

I would submit that the above is proof that Cho does indeed fit the stereotype. His writing is absolutely terrible.
5.19.2008 10:46am
guest (mail):
I'm a big fan of Baumeister's theory of violence: when one's ego exceeds one's true abilities, the constant barrage of reality checks act as a constant irritant. Setting oneself up as an intellectual without the talent to back it up certainly sounds like a jumping off point.

But so does the person who thinks he should QB the school team, thinks of himself as the ultimate jock but never makes it off the bench. I'm not sure why pseudo-nerds are any more likely to be prone to violence than that pseudo-jock.
5.19.2008 10:57am
Smallholder (mail) (www):
I made out with a cheerleader in high school.

Does that mean I'm banned from the Conspiracy?
5.19.2008 11:07am
Cold Warrior:

I made out with a cheerleader in high school.

Does that mean I'm banned from the Conspiracy?


It depends.

(Your SAT Score) X (Your attractiveness score, 1-10 scale)/(Cheerleader's SAT Score) X (Her attractiveness score)

If the result is > 1.0, we'll still talk to you.

Special Disqualifications: Varsity letter in any team sport that other students actually come to watch. Cross country/Track and Field are not team sports.

By the way, I do like the "stupid nerd" theory. As someone said in the other thread, just think Napoleon Dynamite.
5.19.2008 11:58am
J. F. Thomas (mail):
By far most of my high-school classmates who took honors/AP courses, went to competitive colleges, and otherwise did well in school were well-adjusted, fashionably-dressed, and went out on dates. They ran the student government and the publications. They were voted onto homecoming court. They were not "nerds" even though they took calculus, economics, and organic chemistry in high school.

Hear, hear. My high school had more defined cliques (the homecoming court was almost always drawn exclusively from the jock/cheerleader clique). But the high achievers on the whole were not nerds in "The Revenge of the Nerds" stereotype. Stupid Nerds is a little harsh though. How about "nerds of average intelligence"? Because that is what we are talking about in general. I would say that most of the people in my high school (a very good public high school in suburban Chicago--real John Hughes country) who fit the 'nerd' mold were solid B and C students. The truly stupid tended to be the aspiring criminals and druggies ('burnouts' as we called them back in the day) and were definitely not nerds.
5.19.2008 12:06pm
J. F. Thomas (mail):
just think Napoleon Dynamite.

For an older generation, Just think Anthony Michael Hall in Sixteen Candles or The Breakfast Club.
5.19.2008 12:07pm
Rising 2L:
Concur w/ Bama 1L. Socialization is a skill. Nerds are just people who took all the effort and intelligence usually distributed among many areas, and lumped it all into academics. We all connect w/ different things when we're kids - some people w/ other people; some people w/ scholarship, some w/ sports and music and the like. Then we - or our parents - decide whether we should pursue our natural talents, or if we should diversify. The "nerd" archetype is a failure to diversify. Instead of attempting to socialize a bit, nerds develop defense mechanisms (like weirdness, a la D&D) so they justify their feeling awkward as "different" rather than inept. While those who connect and excel in socialization have constant positive feedback in the form of meaningful relationships w/ negative feedback in the form of test grades, nerds' positive connection is to studies, w/ negative in the form of social awkwardness or lack of meaningful/lasting friendships.

"Emotional intelligence" is BS, but there is something to be said for acknowledging and celebrating core competencies. It's everyone's choice whether we focus (efficiently) on our comparative advantage, to the other skill's exclusion, or if we distribute our energies evenly. What distinguishes a "stupid nerd" is NOT the fact that he's not as smart as he hopes his peers will think, but rather that he's not cognizant enough to weigh the marginal analysis of redistributing his efforts. OR he's not sufficiently honest w/ himself to admit that he's emulating his peers' defense mechanisms rather than real skills.

In my humble opinion. But then again, I'm the dumb nerd's inverse: equally awkward, the smart sorority girl.
5.19.2008 1:18pm
Dan Hamilton:
The problem is caused by the new teaching that all violence is wrong.

It used to be that there was acceptable levels of violence. If you were being picked on you could hit with your fist the guys picking on you. AKA A Boys Fight. There were rules taught by fathers and by other boys about what was allowed and what wasn't. This could stop bullying because the bully knew that he might suffrer because of it. The teachers knew who was being bullied and if they blew up against the guy bullying them. The only person that got into trouble was the bully.

Different things could be worked out with a Boys fight and because of the rules no body really got hurt.

Now there is no acceptable level of violence. There is no checks on Bullies at all. Being talked to is NOT a check. Even being expelled is not a check. With no acceptable level of violence being taught when violence happens it is all out, nothing barred, hurt the other guy as much as possible. The first instance I heard about was in a High School in Dallas in the early 90's. One guy gouaged the eyes of another in a fight. Way, way outside the acceptable levels of violence. It has gone down hill from there to the school shootings. Some guys become so flustrated, bullied, picked on, etc that they can't stand it any more. They have no way to fight back. Finally they decide that they cann't live this way any longer and they might as well take their tormentors with them. Before they could fight their tormentors, now they cann't. If they did their tormentors would win and they would be punished. Besides if they are going to BREAK the rules why do it small, why not do it big shooting. They have been taught that ALL VIOLENCE IS WRONG. So there is no difference between fighting and shooting.

Lib BS in the schools has directly lead to more extreem levels of violence.

The suprize is not that there are school shootings but that they happen so seldom.
5.19.2008 1:56pm
Doc Rampage (mail) (www):
It looks like a lot of the disparate opinions on the behavior of nerds comes in part by the fact that we all think we know what a nerd is, but we all think it means different things. I never thought being a nerd precluded athletic ability. I'm a pretty typical nerd but I lettered in my sophomore year --in a low-status sport, swimming. (You have to be a nerd who doesn't care what people think or an extreme extrovert who doesn't realize what people think to be comfortable wearing one of those ridiculous speedos).

Also, I never thought that academic achievement was especially characteristic of nerds. In general, nerds don't care about grades any more than they care about other social signs of success (this is not to say that they don't care at all, just not enough to put a lot of work into it) so unless they are extraordinarily talented they don't do well in grades compared to the kids whose lives seem to depend on getting good grades.
5.19.2008 2:06pm
C Brown:
Why coin a new name? What ever happened to "losers" or "weirdos"? It seems the shooters easily fit into these vague classifications. What is superior about the term "stupid nerd"?
5.19.2008 2:16pm
NickM (mail) (www):
guest - the pseudo-jock's violence takes the form of bullying.

Nick
5.19.2008 2:46pm
Richard Aubrey (mail):
Nick M.
Second-hand info from my jock kids is that the real jocks kept the bullies under control.
Thing is, a bully is generally so unpleasant that he has few friends--although a couple of sycophants can usually be found nearby.
Jocks, especially those in the smash-mouth team sports, bond like the prehistoric hunting band, or the rifle platoon, or some other brutally macho organization for dominance. You don't mess with, say, a football player, even if it's a girl place kicker seconded from the soccer team. Even the little (for football) girls will rip your head off and do vile things in your throat.
But then there are the other guys....
5.19.2008 3:14pm
WilliamP:
This theory strikes me as trying to fit available data into a theory rather than theory into available data. Any first year psych grad can tell you that the single greatest predictor of future violence is past violence. The fact of the matter is that there a tens of thousands (perhaps millions) of people who will fit any social profile of a school shooter, but we know from the data that only a tiny handful will actually offend. Just as in the general population you'll see offenders who display a variety of motivations (poor impulse control, psychotic disorders, Axis II personality disorders, etc) but whose only real common factor is past aggressive behavior and an eventual spree killing.

Its also worth noting that our construction of school shooting has a very strong cultural bias. When I worked at a school in one of the rougher neighborhoods in Chicago our students shot each other with alarming regularity, but somehow no one ever called that a school shooting. School shootings were something that happened when pretty white kids in the suburbs were shot by scary white kids who listened to Marilyn Manson in the suburbs. They happened in modern glass buildings with fresh paint and big parking lots, the kinds of places someone interviewed would be guaranteed to describe as "the kind of place you just don't expect something like that to happen."
5.19.2008 7:47pm
Richard Aubrey (mail):
William P.
Interesting observations:
Your school's kids shot each other without having to be pathological.
White kids have to be pshrunk to figure out why they did it.
Soft bigotry....
5.19.2008 9:42pm
Snowdog99 (mail):
While being an intelligent nerd doesn't afford one much in the way of "protected status" in the social-incubator of "high schrwel," it does provide the nerdling with a sense of esteem and self-worth. Secure in the knowledge that one day, their drooling jock-tormentors will be living in trailer parks while they themselves shall go on to lead successful lives, makes it considerably easier to pass on the temptation to blow the assholes away.
5.20.2008 10:40am
Rochesterian (mail):
My high school in Pittsford, N.Y., had an "industrial arts" triple-sized classroom, chock-full of hardwood, copper, brass, unlimited tools, fastenings, etc.

There was no limit to the time us pimple-faced nerds could spend in shop-class, to the extent we built grandfather's clocks, lathed brass lamps and all kinds of stuff we got to show-off to the jocks and their girl-friends. Eventually we brought the stuff home and it did not cost us a dime.

This was in the days when schools were properly funded and income taxes on America's top-earners was 91%.

Us nerds also had band and orchestra whereby no one had to pay for their own instrument. Pittsford School System even had a couple of electric guitars and amps for the ultra-nerds who just wanted to stay afterschool and rock-on.

Oh, in Pittsford, N.Y., circa 66' we did not teach/learn/test A/B/C/D.
5.20.2008 12:17pm
WilliamP:
Snowdog99:

I think you're missing an important point here. School shooters (or really, violent criminals in general) are only rarely people who succumb to some kind of temptation within us all and snap. In order for a school killing to happen several things need to come together: the ability to control impulsivity and delay gratification long enough to plan, a deep disregard for the rights of others, a degree of deceitfulness that allows someone to pass below the radar, and either an inability to understand or a disregard for future consequences. These aren't kids who just snapped one day after one too many wedgies. The "there but for the grace of god go I" theory of violence is comforting because it removes some level of responsibility and denies the fact that there might be real evil out in the world but it is rarely supported by the facts.

The reality is that the kid you describe, the kid who just can't take it anymore, is far more likely to commit suicide than homicide. The hatred that comes up from a pattern of abuse, an inability to prevent it, and the unwillingness of others to protect you from it gets internalized. You see depression and self-hatred far more often than external aggression. When you do see aggression externalized it is either an immediate reaction to a stimulus (attacking your abuser) or a displaced attack on something the individual believes it can hurt (siblings, small animals, etc).
5.20.2008 12:21pm
Rochesterian (mail):
WilliamP,

Your phrase below sounds alike like an accurate description of United States District Court Judge Edward Nottingham:

"ability to control impulsivity and delay gratification long enough to plan, a deep disregard for the rights of others, a degree of deceitfulness that allows someone to pass below the radar, and either an inability to understand or a disregard for future consequences."

You may recall Judge Nottingham is accused of drunken carousing at strip clubs, surfing porn sites in his chambers, patronizing an escort service, and behaving abusively toward a wheelchair-bound woman in a parking dispute.

Maybe we need to provide our public high school kids with the traditional outlets such as shop-class (with all the tools), acting, band, orchestra and debate. Likewise, maybe we need to require Article III players to undergo neuro-psychological testing prior to appointment and throughout their tenure.
5.20.2008 1:06pm
zippypinhead:
The more I think about the concept of "stupid nerd," the less valid it seems, at least in this context. It's not about whether they're "stupid" and/or "nerds." Failed socialization, coupled with sociopathic tendencies that for whatever reason are uncontrolled, seems to be the common thread among school shooters. And you need both -- neither poor socialization nor sociopathic tendencies by themselves lead to the archtypical mass murder/suicide you're talking about here. The depressed social failure may find suicide an attractive option. The sociopath is indifferent to the welfare (and perhaps even life) of others. But without both sides in one person, you simply don't have the recipe for a Cho at Virginia Tech.

I do wonder if a significant percentage of the "stupid nerd" population may in fact have undiagnosed conditions such as Apsberger's Syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder.
5.20.2008 4:06pm
Rochesterian (mail):
Zippy,
I guess MKDP has really flicked your bic-a-bit to the point you broke your pencil.

Here's a plan, Holmes:

(1) acquire some bright red polo shirts custom printed with the insignia "Court of Oyer and Terminer;"

(2) Arrange to travel with the 2008-2009 Autism Today Conference Series as a guest speaker whose lecture is titled "A Harvard Power Couple's Suggestions In Dealing With Genetic Pre-dispositions related to Autism and Asperger's Syndrome";

(3) Wear the printed red polo shirts and freely hand-out said shirts to evert person you perceive as autistic.

(4) Take to the podium microphone and advance your above posted theory to the extent of revealing the manners and methods you and your colleagues employ to "flush-out" these autistic "demons" by stalking them on internet blogs and traveling across state lines to feed their disability service animals food laced with aflatoxins.
5.22.2008 4:30pm