The Volokh Conspiracy

Judicial Nomination Stall:

The Senate has confirmed President Bush's appellate judicial nominees at an amazingly slow rate. Despite pledges to confirm three additional nominees before Memorial Day, the Senate has only confirmed two nominees all year, while numerous well-qualified nominees sit and wait. By comparison, a Republican Senate confirmed eight of President Clinton's appellate nominees during his last year in office. Since January 2007, the Senate has confirmed eight appellate nominees, whereas a Republican Senate confirmed fifteen during President Clinton's last two year.

It's certainly possible that the Senate rush several nominees through over the summer, but even with such an effort, this Congress will stand out for its snail-like pace. So it should be no surprise that Republicans are upset. Senator Mitch McConnell, in particular, has had enough.

At the beginning of this Congress, the Majority said it would meet or exceed the average of 17 circuit court nominees that have been confirmed in prior Congresses; yet it has only confirmed eight circuit court judges thus far. More disturbing, the Chairman of the Committee recently threatened to shut down the confirmation process completely, an action that would break yet another historical precedent.

The Majority said it would treat Republican senate delegations fairly; yet for months, the Democratic Majority has only worked on circuit court nominees from states with a Democratic senator.

The Majority said it would do its ‘utmost,’ said it would do ‘everything’ possible, said it would do ‘everything within its power’ to confirm three more circuit court nominees by the Memorial Day recess; yet it only confirmed one nominee. Moreover, it appears the Majority did not seriously attempt to honor its commitment. Indeed, since that deadline passed almost two weeks ago, the Democratic Majority has still failed to confirm more circuit court nominees.

The Democratic Majority has refused to honor its commitments. It apparently believes that commitments do not matter in the United States Senate, and that actions do not have consequences.

Certainly one reason for Senate Democrats to stall on President Bush's nominees is their hope to leave seats open that could be filled by a President Obama. Even so, I find the level of intransigence a bit surprising. Among other things, the unprecedented slowdown gift wraps an issue for Senator McCain. McCain needs help motivating the conservative base, and there are few issues that resonate among such groups like judicial nominations. All it would take to disarm the issue would be to confirm a handful of high-profile, exceedingly qualified nominees, such as Peter Keisler, who have widespread support.

As longtime readers know, I also worry that the unprecedented intransigence risks further exacerbation of political conflict over judicial nominations. While I do not expect Republican Senators to filibuster or otherwise obstruct a President Obama's nominees — and I will not support such efforts — such tactics appear increasingly likely. This is unfortunate. What we need at this point is not more nominations conflict, but a gradual de-politicization of the nomination process so that Presidents of either party can select the most qualified nominees who share their jurisprudential vision. I believe the Senate should have rapidly confirmed President Bush's nominees, and I hope (even if in vain) that the Senate will do the same for President Obama or McCain.

UPDATE: I won't rehash it all here, but I've posted extensively on the history of judicial nomination fights before. I summarized these posts (and provided links) in this post: "Judicial Nomination Fights -- Past and Present."

Brian K (mail):
While I do not expect Republican Senators to filibuster or otherwise obstruct a President Obama's nominees -- and I will not support such efforts -- such tactics appear increasingly likely.

given what went on when republicans had full control of the senate, i have no idea why you don't expect them to use obstructionist tactics.

although i do commend the fact that you won't support them. that's a principled stand that many in politics do not hold.
6.4.2008 9:34pm
Smokey:
Brian K:Are you kidding?? Republicans totally rolled over when appointees like Bader-Ginsberg were nominated.

It's about time that the Republican senators started to show some backbone.
6.4.2008 9:51pm
Something Wicked:
Could it be that Bush has annoyed Congress by not consulting with them on judicial nominations in a way that Clinton did? I'm not saying that he isn't entitled to make his own nominations but he is known for the 'unitary executive' and ignoring the will of Congress.

In short, maybe the numbers don't tell the whole story.
6.4.2008 10:18pm
theobromophile (www):
Ginsburg, although a former ALCU attorney, was confirmed 93-6, which, IIRC, was not even close to a partisan vote.

John Roberts was confirmed 78-22, with almost half of Senate Dems voting against him. Apparently, his Harvard credentials weren't enough? D.C. judgeship not enough?

Alito was confirmed 58-42. Apparently, 15 years on the Third Circuit, writing good opinions, worried some Democrats.
6.4.2008 10:49pm
mouse (mail):
--the unprecedented slowdown gift wraps an issue for Senator McCain. McCain needs help motivating the conservative base, and there are few issues that resonate among such groups like judicial nominations.

Um, Sen. McCain upped the ante on this mess by leading the Gang of 14 in the first place, which legitmized the obstructionism. I don't think he has any probability of NOW suggesting that he's shocked! shocked! that there's some obstructionism. If he were to, it would hurt him with the bipartisan label he so adores.
6.4.2008 11:23pm
unhyphenatedconservative (mail):

What we need at this point is not more nominations conflict, but a gradual de-politicization of the nomination process so that Presidents of either party can select the most qualified nominees who share their jurisprudential vision.


I saw Scalia speak during law school. He made the point that as long as judges decide to be politicians, the nomination process will be politicized.
6.4.2008 11:31pm
Justin (mail):
RBG was chosen as a consensus pick by Orrin Hatch after Clinton backed down from picking his preferred nominee, Bruce Babbitt. Stop rewriting history, please.
6.5.2008 12:16am
Lev:

RBG was chosen as a consensus pick by Orrin Hatch


That's nonsense, based solely on the conceited narcissism of a senatorial ego.
6.5.2008 1:25am
Snarky:

By comparison, a Republican Senate confirmed eight of President Clinton's appellate nominees during his last year in office.


President Clinton worked with Senate Republicans when he made nominations. President Bush has take a much more confrontational approach.

If Bush cooperated more with Democratic Senators, he would have had an opportunity to get more appointments in his last year.

I am afraid that at this point, it is too late.
6.5.2008 2:32am
David Schraub (mail) (www):
Another important factor is that Sen. McConnell has been obstructing virtually every item on the Senate agenda since the Democrats took over, leading filibuster after filibuster. Given that, it hardly seems surprising that Democrats are unwilling to be quick and speedy on agenda items that Republicans favor.
6.5.2008 3:06am
PLR:
That's nonsense, based solely on the conceited narcissism of a senatorial ego.

Oh really? Then how do you explain Clinton's nomination of an aging judge he had never heard of?
6.5.2008 8:59am
some dude:
Yay! The fewer Federal Judges the better.
6.5.2008 9:43am
Keith in Dallas (mail):

If Bush cooperated more with Democratic Senators, he would have had an opportunity to get more appointments in his last year.


I take this to mean that, because Bush has not worked with the Senate, he has nominated some (perhaps many) judges that the Senate does not deem worthy of or qualified for a judgeship.

Well that is all good and fine, but if that is the case, then vote "no" on them, and allow further, presumably more suitable, nominations to be made. Stalling is a disgraceful and pathetic tactic.
6.5.2008 9:59am
Hi Standards:

Then how do you explain Clinton's nomination of an aging judge he had never heard of?


Clinton never heard of Ginsburg? That's hard to believe, and would certainly not to be Clinton's credit. RBG was one of the most prominent Circuit Judges appointed by Jimmy Carter (confirmed in 1980, an election year) and had long been on the short-list of those speculated to be Supreme Court material.
6.5.2008 10:16am
David M. Nieporent (www):
RBG was chosen as a consensus pick by Orrin Hatch

That's nonsense, based solely on the conceited narcissism of a senatorial ego.
Right; Stephanopolous tells the story very differently.

But even if we accept Hatch's version, what Justin posted is not even close to an accurate summary of what Hatch actually wrote. Justin is the one guilty of rewriting history here.

Moreover, even if Hatch's summary were correct, it would hardly be responsive to the point. The point is that Democrats refuse to accept any Republican nominees, while Republicans are willing to do so with Democratic nominees. The claim that they treated Ginsberg as a "consensus pick" would support that point.
6.5.2008 10:23am
David M. Nieporent (www):
Um, Sen. McCain upped the ante on this mess by leading the Gang of 14 in the first place, which legitmized the obstructionism. I don't think he has any probability of NOW suggesting that he's shocked! shocked! that there's some obstructionism. If he were to, it would hurt him with the bipartisan label he so adores.
That doesn't make any sense. First, despite the delusions of a few far right wing commentators, the Gang of 14 did not "legitimize" the obstructionism at all; it ended it.

Second, current nominees aren't being filibustered, and so have absolutely nothing to do with the issue that the Gang of 14 addressed.
6.5.2008 10:25am
Bob from Ohio (mail):
The GOP in protest made the senate clerks read a climate change bill into the record for 10 hours yesterday. I couldn't find a story quickly but I guess they refused "unanimous consent" to depart from the Senate rules. They should do that all the time. The fewer bils passed, the better. If Congress would pass nothing new for 2 years, (other than appropriations), the country would be better off.

On the merits of the judicoial appointments, oh well. That's politics. Of course, the GOP will up the ante for the next Dem president and then the Dems for the next GOP etc. etc.

Maybe no judges confirmed for a whole term one day.
6.5.2008 10:28am
Adam B. (www):
Is this any different than what happened to Clinton nominees like Elena Kagan in the last two years of his term?
6.5.2008 10:50am
PLR:
The point is that Democrats refuse to accept any Republican nominees, while Republicans are willing to do so with Democratic nominees.

So why was Agee confirmed 96-0 to the Fourth Circuit last month? The exception proves your rule?

I notice the pitcher of Kiesler Kool-Aid has not yet run dry. The Senate has returned the nomination of this man who enjoys "widespread support" twice already.
6.5.2008 11:16am
J. Aldridge:
I think this advice and consent circus will need revising in the next Constitution. :-) I believe what Madison had initially proposed is an ideal solution. The president would submit his choice and the Senate would have ten days to reject the nomination. If no rejection could be had then the nominee is appointed.
6.5.2008 12:26pm
LM (mail):
Has anyone done a comparative analysis of the judicial nominations over Clinton's and Bush's full terms in office? Because IIRC, and I may not, weren't more nominations held up during the earlier and middle parts of Clinton's Presidency than of Bush's?
6.5.2008 1:10pm
eddiehaskel (mail):
Could the professor please provide a context? How does this congress'stall compare to previous congresses. Otherwise this is simply a political statement without factual support.
6.5.2008 1:24pm
Dilan Esper (mail) (www):
Cosi fan Tutte.
6.5.2008 2:33pm