The Mainstreaming of Forced Labor:

Co-blogger Jim Lindgren has done an excellent job of criticizing the "Service Nation" proposal for up to two years mandatory "national service," eventually to be imposed on all Americans.

As Jim explains in his first post, Service Nation is backed by a wide range of prominent politicians, activists, and philanthropists, including several potential 2008 vice presidential candidates. This impressive list of backers heightens my previously expressed concern that proposals for government-imposed forced labor are entering the political mainstream and may be on the road to enactment. Other prominent supporters of mandatory national service (cited in the post above) include Charles Rangel, the late Bill Buckley, Rahm Emmanuel, and Bruce Reed, President of the center-left Democratic Leadership Council. Republican Presidential candidate John McCain has endorsed mandatory national service in the past, though (as far as I know) he has not reiterated this view in recent years.

The fact that mandatory national service is attracting the support of numerous mainstream, centrist politicians and activists is a sign of its political viability. These people are unlikely to endorse any major proposal that could damage their political prospects. Another political factor in its favor is the fact that the targets of such proposals are almost exclusively young people - a group with very little political influence. The combination of powerful backers and weak victims is always a political advantage.

I don't expect mandatory national service to be enacted in the near future. But it might well be adopted through a slow process of accretion over the next few years, perhaps by the Service Nation target date of 2020. For example, one can imagine an initial proposal that merely requires mandatory service as a condition of receiving federal student loans (as many national service advocates propose). Once that law is enacted, critics will claim that it is "unfair" for relatively affluent students to escape this obligation by paying for their tuition with private funds. The law could then be amended to cover all college students. At that point, many would consider it unfair that college grads are required to serve, while other young people are not. Eventually, the law could be expanded to impose mandatory national service as a condition of getting a high school diploma. Obviously, these requirements would have to be imposed on students in private schools and colleges as well as public ones. Otherwise, they would not be truly "universal," as national service advocates insist they must be. Other slippery slope paths to mandatory national service are also possible. The scenario I outline is just one of several plausible possibilities.

James Lindgren (mail):
We are likely to take several steps down the slippery slope in the first legislation.

Obama has proposed a $4,000 tax credit to college students if they do 100 hours of community service.

And he has proposed that the government require that 25% of work-study funds be devoted to community service, rather than all devoted to campus employment.
7.23.2008 5:43pm
James Lindgren (mail):
Also, within 5 years I expect most high schools and most colleges to require community service for graduation, which I think would be fully legal.
7.23.2008 5:45pm
Ugh (mail):
Any word on when the black helicopters will arrive?
7.23.2008 5:51pm
A.S.:
I don't see how any of that constitutes "forced labor". It seems to me no more "forced labor" than requiring a government employee to show up to work every day in order to get his paycheck. It's quid pro quo: if you want some government benefits, you need to do something in exchange.
7.23.2008 5:52pm
Ilya Somin:
I don't see how any of that constitutes "forced labor". It seems to me no more "forced labor" than requiring a government employee to show up to work every day in order to get his paycheck. It's quid pro quo: if you want some government benefits, you need to do something in exchange.

Service Nation's plan and other similar proposals would require all young people to serve, whether or not they receive specific government benefits or not. And the high school and college proposals I outline would presumably apply to private colleges and schools as well as government ones. Otherwise, they wouldn't be truly universal, as advocates want them to be.
7.23.2008 5:56pm
Jim at FSU (mail):
What is the benefit of this in the long run? What do the proponents want to accomplish? Is it just plain old socialism, economic costs be damned?

Also, is there any easy way to defeat this? I really don't like where the political calculus for this is heading.
7.23.2008 6:02pm
David Warner (mail):
I think it's already a done deal. Think of the resonance the word "service" has in the two cultures (the church and the military) which have served as the bulwark of the right for centuries and still do in American culture. Notice the gap in approval rating between the military and the Congress.

The tragedy is that the left, after four decades of an almost exclusive diet of continental philosophy, have forgotten American (and, yes, Anglo too) traditions of pluralism, and thus are more interested in fighting the right over who gets to control this new (model?) army instead of the legitimacy of its existence.

The march through the institutions nears fruition.
7.23.2008 6:15pm
cjwynes (mail):
If anybody has the ear of somebody at Cato or another suitable group, it would be a good idea to get the public relations war against Service Nation going ASAP. I'd rather hold this at bay by making it so unpopular it would never pass through Congress, rather than trust the Supreme Court to make the right decision. When they do their TIME-supported media blitz this fall, there needs to be a substantial voice of opposition ready to reply and nip this awful thing in the bud.
7.23.2008 6:17pm
Jim at FSU (mail):
If this gets implemented, the supreme court will never abolish it because too many mouths will have grown accustomed to feeding at the trough.

It would have to be overturned by an army of 18 year olds who didn't have enough motivation to somehow dodge this new draft. 100 percent certain there will be pressure releases (ways for motivated teenagers to dodge the program) such that pent up frustration doesn't threaten the program politically.
7.23.2008 6:28pm
theobromophile (www):
IMHO, we've already taken a few steps down that slippery slope. I have no idea why the federal government is in the business of giving out educational loans to begin with (which would make more sense for private parties, the schools themselves, or, perhaps, states to state residents, to do). Obviously, even when the federal government oversteps its bounds in a seemingly benign manner, we give up more than a theoretical right to have our country operate as originally designed.

I'll also note that some legal "Professional Responsibility" requirements suggest that lawyers donate both time and money every year to very specific groups of people. As much as you can rationalise that it's the price of joining the profession, it's pretty clear that we don't require teachers to give out 50 hours of free tutoring to inner-city folks, plumbers, electricians, and carpenters to build homes for low-income people every year - because that would be absurd.

Perhaps it is because I'm still somewhat of a Young Person myself, but I fail to see the perverse fascination that adults have with making sure that kids learn their lessons. Forced "community service" does not serve the community - a community which contains young people as well as old, nor is it "service" in the "volunteer" sense of the word.

All this really teaches young people is that, when they are old, they too can force their values upon other people, and force weaker (either politically or otherwise) groups to pay the price for their morality. Kids are remarkably good at sensing hypocrisy, and these proposals reek of it - the lofty notion that community service is a wonderful thing, so good that it trumps the right to live one's life according to one's own dictates, but those who find it so worthwhile can't be bothered to do it themselves. Ugh.
7.23.2008 6:41pm
wagnert (mail):
The politicians supporting this concept should probably expand the Act to disenfranchise the "volunteers" for the term of their service and five years afterward. I can't think of anything more likely to make me vote against my Congressman than a year spent pulling weeds in some compulsory make-work project under his sponsorship.
7.23.2008 6:55pm
crane (mail):
As a young person currently in college acquiring specific technical skills, I'm not at all thrilled about the prospect of having to spend a year letting those skills get rusty while I do community service. Not to mention the question of what happens to my student loans while I'm doing it.
7.23.2008 7:20pm
r78:
A poster in your last thread below asked why this would be any different than drafting people into the military and then having them do "national service" type stuff.

(And, as I pointed out in an older thread, a fair amount of "military" work nowadays is transporting food hither and yon or doing police work and nation building.)

If these arguments against "involuntary servitude" have any merit, they would apply to the military draft, as well.
7.23.2008 7:39pm
Smokey:
Obama has proposed a $4,000 tax credit to college students if they do 100 hours of community service.
I was once in a pretty large union. When one of the members would get caught DWI in this area, the punishment almost always included 200 - 400 hours of "community service."

So guess what happened: the union got itself on the authorized "community service" list, and would literally sign off on the hundreds of hours of "community service" without requiring the union member to do anything at all -- except vote the right way, of course.

Why is it that liberals crave controlling other people, even to the extent of taking away a year or two of their lives? This country really grew and prospered after indentured servitude and slavery were abolished. Now odumbo and company want a piece of your kids' lives for their new "force," in return for peanuts.

C'mon, libs, tell us how patriotic this controlbot idea is. We might as well move to Cuba and join the rest of the state-owned proletariat. At least they have nice weather there.

Sheesh. You little dictators have been around the UN way too long.
7.23.2008 8:11pm
pgepps (www):
@r78--generally agreeing, and willing to start sizing up barricades for le resistance, but I would note that a truly existential threat to the nation might justify conscription in a way "service" never can or could or should.
7.24.2008 4:45am
Ryan Waxx (mail):

If these arguments against "involuntary servitude" have any merit...


Yeah, imagine that, someone having a problem with involuntary servitude. The mind boggles.


...they would apply to the military draft, as well.


True. That's why the draft only happens in times of war. Are you claiming there is a similar national emergency that this measure is intended to address?
7.24.2008 9:15am
SPO:
What if someone decides to physically resist this nonsense if it ever came to pass--I would vote to acquit if on a jury.
7.24.2008 5:05pm