"Emotional Safety" / "Emotional Harassment" on University Campuses:

The Daily Record reports:

The University of Maryland, Baltimore County will change its facilities-use policies after a student pro-life group claimed its First Amendment rights were violated when its display featuring graphic images of aborted fetuses was moved away from a prominent public area on campus.

While lawyers for UMBC said in U.S. District Court in Baltimore Friday that the school’s decision to move Rock for Life-UMBC’s display was “content neutral,” it agreed to revise rules as to when university officials are allowed to move a student group display without notice, such as inclement weather or safety concerns.

The two sides will give Judge J. Frederick Motz a joint status report Sept. 19 on the implementation of the new policy, at which point the student group can decide if it wants to continue its lawsuit by challenging the university’s speech code....

Members of Rock for Life, a registered student organization at UMBC, were given permission by university officials in mid-April 2007 to put up a display outside one of the university’s main buildings on April 30, 2007, according to Rock for Life’s complaint filed in April 2008.

The display was from the Genocide Awareness Project, a traveling exhibit for college campuses featuring graphic images of abortion sponsored by The Center for Bio-Ethical Reform, a California-based pro-life group. The display consists of either 6-foot-by-13-foot posters or 4-foot-by-6-foot-posters.

But, according to the complaint, the group was told to move its display two times — once on April 25 and again on April 30 before the display was set up — to progressively “more deserted” areas on campus.

Aden said the university moved Rock for Life because of its message, noting larger events and other student groups have used the space Rock for Life originally requested....

But Sally L. Swann, an assistant attorney general representing UMBC, said the display was moved because the proposed 24 large posters would obstruct building exits and posed a fire hazard....

Lawyers for both sides met during several lengthy recesses to hammer out the details of the newly worded facilities-use policy, with the university removing the phrases “emotional safety” and “emotional harassment” from the list of reasons officials could move a display without notice....

Whether the policy was applied in a content-neutral way in this case, it seems pretty clear that "emotional safety" and "emotional harassment" language in such policies is easily usable in content- and viewpoint-based ways. Certainly the one UMBC policy that I could find that uses these terms — Article V.B of the Code of Student Conduct — seems unacceptably vague and, in its most plausible interpretation, unconstitutionally content-based (especially given that the university seems to concede that it is are applicable to displays and not just to, say, individualized threats conveyed to a particular person):

Any student found to have violated the following rules and regulations is subject to the sanctions outlined in Section C ...: ...

2. Behavior Which Jeopardizes the Emotional or Physical Safety of Self or Others.
This rule prohibits, but is not limited to, the following: ...
f) physical or emotional harassment; ...

David Warner:
Sticks and stones may break my bones, but 6-foot-by-13-foot posters will never hurt me...
8.14.2008 2:09pm
John Armstrong (mail) (www):
I say put up those posters. Then put up posters opposite them showing the aftereffects of a botched coathanger D&C. Content-neutral!
8.14.2008 2:12pm
Javert:
Wow! So I'm guilty of "emotional harassment" when a student is offended because I tell him that his class comment is off topic, to quit grand-standing, or when I give him the "C" he has earned versus the "A" he "feels" he deserves?!
8.14.2008 2:29pm
Sarcastro (www):
"Emotinal Safety" sure sounds content neutral to me!
8.14.2008 2:41pm
Lex:

I say put up those posters. Then put up posters opposite them showing the aftereffects of a botched coathanger D&C. Content-neutral!


I'm not sure you get the point. Those giant posters that pro-life groups put up are there to convince you that abortion is gravely immoral because the fetus is portrayed as an innocent human being with whom you will empathize when confronted with its likeness. As an indirect consequence of that empathy, it is expected that you will then support prohibition of abortion because it "takes" innocent life.

It doesn't seem to me that depicting the aftereffects of a botched "coathanger" abortion is particularly responsive to that argument. (In fact, I suspect that argument has never convinced anyone who wasn't converted already.) The rejoinder goes: the same "innocent" fetus is still being destroyed when a coathanger is used; this destruction remains gravely immoral; the person who committed a gravely immoral (and very foolish, besides) act suffers harm. That harm is unfortunate, but hardly outside the woman's control, and in any case not as serious as harm to an "innocent."

I think pro-lifers would be very pleased to conduct the debate on the terms you propose.
8.14.2008 2:42pm
I'llTakeYourDollarsAndGiveYouChange (mail) (www):
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8.14.2008 2:49pm
John Armstrong (mail) (www):
Lex, I just don't believe that your explanation is all that motivates them. There's definitely a shock-value to their posters, and an attempt to paint abortion as disgusting. They just casually leave out how much more disgusting back-alley jobs were, or pretend like that's not exactly where things will go again.
8.14.2008 3:05pm
Anderson (mail):
"Emotional maturity" would seem to be a more worthwhile goal in the education of young adults. Which includes shrugging off the efforts of immature people to "emotionally harass" you.
8.14.2008 3:05pm
Anderson (mail):
Btw, I seem to recall reading a while back that the "aborted" fetuses pictured in those posters are frequently of dubious provenance, and may not have been "aborted" at all.

Not that facts matter on this issue, of course.
8.14.2008 3:07pm
trad and anon:
Looks like unfettered discretion to me.
8.14.2008 3:12pm
AntonK (mail):
"Emotinal Safety" / "Emotional Harassment"

Oh brother...

FIRE should be able to wrap this one up in short order.
8.14.2008 3:13pm
Sarcastro (www):
Well, Anderson all I know is that appendectomies are gross, so I plan to show pictures of them to end that practice as well.
8.14.2008 3:15pm
mad the swine (mail):
"They just casually leave out how much more disgusting back-alley jobs were, or pretend like that's not exactly where things will go again."

Yeah, I'm not that concerned about the well-being of murderers. Should we stop arresting criminals because jail is unpleasant for them?
8.14.2008 3:35pm
Lex:
John,

You're probably right about the shock value. I confess a little personal bias here: I'm not really sure what the right level of restriction on abortion is, but I'm pretty sure it's more than we have now. In part, I just think confronting people with the "icky" side of abortion ought to be part of the debate. It seems sorta willfully blind not to.
8.14.2008 3:41pm
tommears (mail):
I went to Georgia Tech which is in down-town Atlanta. A big Southern Baptist town. Several times a year various groups of bible-thumpers would set up on the steps of the student center. Engineering students and other types techno-nerds are not big supporters of some of the more radical forms of fundamentalist dogma. It was considered good form to try to engage the preachers in a debate.

One time the preacher had to be escorted off campus for his own safety. At some point in the discussion he lost his cool and began to shout and rant, angrily. A some point he called some girl the "Whore of Babylon"; her boyfriend promptly punched him in the face.

My point here is that most college students are, I think, quite capable of taking care of themselves. I think it healthy for people to be learn for themselves how to confront distasteful speech and actions face-on rather than having our feelings protected by "big-brother".
8.14.2008 3:53pm
Fub:
From The Daily Record article quoted:
But Sally L. Swann, an assistant attorney general representing UMBC, said the display was moved because the proposed 24 large posters would obstruct building exits and posed a fire hazard....
From Article V.B of the Code of Student Conduct, quoted:
Any student found to have violated the following rules and regulations is subject to the sanctions outlined in Section C ...: ...

2. Behavior Which Jeopardizes the Emotional or Physical Safety of Self or Others.
This rule prohibits, but is not limited to, the following: ...
f) physical or emotional harassment; ...
While the "emotional safety" or "emotional harassment" terms may be unacceptably vague, the "physical safety" term is not.

If, as the university claims, the exhibit actually violates the physical safety provisions, then why should the removal not stand?

Must U.M. expressly state a severability clause in its code of student conduct in order for the enforcement to stand?

Or does the baby get thrown out with the bathwater?
8.14.2008 4:02pm
Anderson (mail):
Well, Anderson all I know is that appendectomies are gross, so I plan to show pictures of them to end that practice as well.

Throw in some pix of used tampons while you're at it, and we may put an end to the national scourge of menstruation ... a practice that a vast majority of women have engaged in.
8.14.2008 4:14pm
Hoosier:
" I think it healthy for people to be learn for themselves how to confront distasteful speech and actions face-on rather than having our feelings protected by "big-brother"."

Or punching someone in the face.
8.14.2008 4:16pm
Anderson (mail):
Or punching someone in the face.

No, I liked that part. You call someone's girlfriend a whore, or even a Whore, you're taking your chances.

It would be nice if the "pro-life" movement could shed itself of its fundamental misogyny, but then it would hardly be recognizable ... contraception, daycare, and support for single mothers?

It would look too much like the Democratic Party then.
8.14.2008 4:35pm
CJColucci:
If Student A follows Student B around campus all day (from a distance of no less than five feet) singing Cole Porter songs, reciting love poetry, and soliciting dates, despite Student B's frequent importuning of Student A to leave him or her alone, is it really everyone's position that school authorities can't tell Student A to cut it out? And it not, try your hand at writing a regulation.
8.14.2008 4:47pm
ChrisIowa (mail):
What are the privacy implications of the displays of the results of medical procedures? Should Rock for Life have signed releases allowing them to display the photographs?
8.14.2008 4:55pm
Per Son:
CJColucci:

Your example seems a little closer to stalking than posters.
8.14.2008 5:23pm
Perseus (mail):
support for single mothers

That's the ticket: subsidize single mothers, which will tend to produce more of them, because single motherhood is so good for children.
8.14.2008 5:37pm
one of many:
I'm not positive, but I'm fairly certain I read somewhere that the University agreed at a pretrial hearing to remove the emotional safety part of their conduct rules. Anyone come across this and can source it or verify it? It would have been within the past week or so.
8.14.2008 5:47pm
theobromophile (www):
It would be nice if the "pro-life" movement could shed itself of its fundamental misogyny, but then it would hardly be recognizable ... contraception, daycare, and support for single mothers?

Heard of Feminists for Life?
8.14.2008 5:57pm
Tony Tutins (mail):
Do students have the right not to be squicked? I can't even watch CSI New York -- I have to put on an old Care Bears tape or something.
8.14.2008 5:59pm
kshankar:
We had these guys show up at Temple when I was there. A bunch of us figured just to respond to their speech with our own. This was far more effective, we decided to put a picture of placenta and hold it up implying that childbirth and its byproducts were disgusting as well. In the end, some of them had discussions with us, and it didn't erupt into anything bad. We should not have to have speech regulations for absurd reasons such as this. I'm surprised Temple allowed this, by the way, judging by their poor record regarding respect for the 1st Amendment.
8.14.2008 6:30pm
Philistine (mail):

I'm not positive, but I'm fairly certain I read somewhere that the University agreed at a pretrial hearing to remove the emotional safety part of their conduct rules. Anyone come across this and can source it or verify it? It would have been within the past week or so.



Well... the last paragraph quoted from the Article says:

"Lawyers for both sides met during several lengthy recesses to hammer out the details of the newly worded facilities-use policy, with the university removing the phrases “emotional safety” and “emotional harassment” from the list of reasons officials could move a display without notice...."
8.14.2008 6:36pm
Richard Aubrey (mail):
Great stuff.
On another thread, anon assures me this stuff not only will never happen. It never happens. I think he's a lawyer.
8.14.2008 7:04pm
John Armstrong (mail) (www):
Lex: I'm actually not being sarcastic here. I agree that if the pro-life side wants to introduce the "ick-factor", they're free to do so. On the other hand, the pro-choice side has some ick-factor of its own that it has heretofore not brought out nearly so graphically. Sauce for the goose...
8.14.2008 7:05pm
wooga:
The posters are intended to be nasty. That's the whole point. There is universal recognition that "dismembered fetus" is much grosser than "gooey appendix." Everyone sees it as grosser because the fetus is a distinct living thing. Photos of dead puppies would do the same thing.

If you are forced - even if only on an emotional level - to recognize that a fetus is a distinct living thing, then you rationally should recognize that abortion should, at the very least, be subject to restriction. Just like we don't allow "puppy killing on demand."
8.14.2008 10:02pm
Moneyrunner43 (www):
Who are these Bible Thumpers I’m always hearing about from people? Are they the religious version of scraggly haired, maggot infested, good-time-charley, plastic banana, rock and roll, FM types?

In all my time going to church I have yet to hear anyone thump a Bible. Maybe I’m part of the wrong congregation?
8.14.2008 10:29pm
Connie:
Theo: show me on the Feminists for Life website where they support contraception.
8.14.2008 10:46pm
tommears (mail):
The guy responsible for the Whore of Bablyon comment was mid-twenties, wore a robe, rope belt, full beard and long hair. Think cast member from Jesus Christ Superstar--complete with tennis shoes. The bible was in his right hand and there was ample bible-thrusting, bible-waving, bible-raised-to-heaven and indeed bible-thumping.

You need really need to go to a fire-n-brimstone tent revival in the rural south to get the true, classic bible-thumping experience.
8.14.2008 11:54pm
Hoosier:
"We had these guys show up at Temple when I was there. "

How does anyone expect to shock students at temple with graphic displays of gore? I mean, when was the last time you walked across campus on a Monday morning without running across a couple dead bodies left over from the weekend crime-spree?
8.15.2008 12:42am
Suzy (mail):
I believe that these poster-bearing folks alienate more people from their cause than they ever convert to it. I really do want to discourage people from having abortions, so I really don't want "help" from these extremists. Once when I was hugely, visibly pregnant, I encountered a group of these people. When I tried to avert my eyes from their giant posters, they held their flyers literally under my face while talking. It made me ill, and proved the utter lack of concern they have for real babies and their mothers.
8.15.2008 2:42am
Hans Bader (mail) (www):
They actually banned speech that had "emotional" effects on people? Ridiculous! "Listeners' reaction to speech is not a content-neutral basis for regulation." Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement, 505 U.S. 123, 134 (1992).

All controversial speech has an effect on the emotions of people who passionately disagree with it. Thus, it's patently overbroad to ban such speech!

When I was a student at Harvard Law School, I published letters to the editor in the Harvard Law Record and Boston Globe criticizing an attempt to offer tenure to the radical feminist law professor Catharine A. MacKinnon, who supported curbs on First Amendment rights, and depicted most heterosexual sex as being akin to rape (a majority of faculty supported giving her tenure, but not the supermajority required by school rules).

I then photocopied and posted my letter (from the Harvard Law Record) on bulletin boards on the grounds of Harvard Law School. In response, I received an anonymous telephone call in which I was accused of "visually and emotionally assaulting" women.

I guess I was lucky I was studying at Harvard, rather than UMBC.

If I were at UMBC, maybe the caller would have accused me of "emotional harassment." And I would have been embroiled in disciplinary proceedings for that ridiculous "offense."

But fortunately, Harvard did not have a similarly broad harassment policy in force (moreover, its draft harassment guidelines at the time exempted speech from its reach if the speech was "reasonably" related to speech on matters of public concern), so I was not in danger of discipline by the campus administration.
8.15.2008 12:23pm
Clayton E. Cramer (mail) (www):

They just casually leave out how much more disgusting back-alley jobs were, or pretend like that's not exactly where things will go again.
I'm curious: are you suggesting that there were 800,000-900,000 back-alley abortions per year (or even 600,000 per year, which would adjust for population change) before Roe v. Wade?

More importantly, even abortion was nominally illegal except for the life or health of the mother, there were a surprising large number of therapeutic abortions. Oregon, for example, which had a very restrictive abortion law, had 199 abortions per 1,000 live births in 1970. Pretty clearly, elective abortions were available, even if they weren't as common as they became after Roe v. Wade.

There are a lot of people who think that Roe v. Wade was like a light switch. Some think that there were almost no abortions performed by doctors before; this wasn't the case.

Some think that there were huge numbers of back-alley abortions performed before Roe v. Wade. There certainly were such abortions, but they weren't on anywhere near the scale of today.

What really irritates me is the self-righteous tone of those who think that every person who opposes abortion as birth control also opposes contraception. This is simply not the case.
8.17.2008 12:19pm