Fishing vs. Mining in Alaska:

The New York Times reports on a political fight over a proposed mine near Dillingham, Alaska,on Bristol Bay.

Rarely are Alaskans at odds over which of their natural resources they want to exploit. Oil? Timber? Minerals? Fish? While outsiders and some state residents may urge restraint, most people here typically just select all.

Yet the fight over what is known as the Pebble Mine is playing out as a war between economies and cultures, between copper and clean water, gold and wild salmon. Strange alliances and divisions have developed. Miners have been pitted against fishermen, as have Yupik Eskimos, Aleuts and Athabascan Indians and other Alaska Native people who want the jobs the new mine could bring versus those who fear it threatens thousands of years of culture.

Local fishing outfitters fear the proposed mine could harm fish populations, while others argue the mine is needed to help local economies. Bristol Bay is a gorgeous spot -- the first place I went fly fishing for salmon -- but Dillingham is also anything but a thriving community. It would be tragic if mining (or anything else) disrupted the local fisheries or that area's natural beauty. Then again, this is a choice Alaskans need to make for themselves. I hope they choose wisely.

Steve2:
I believe I've read in local papers about similar political fights playing out in some of the Mid-Atlantic between commercial fishing/shellfishing/aquaculture interests and (to a small extent) tourism interests over seaside development and (to a larger extent) farmers over run-off regulations. Apparently former participants in a no-longer-so-lucrative Chesapeake Bay harvesting industry blame some land-based industries (at least in part) for a steep reduction in harvestable invertebrates.
8.23.2008 2:37pm
Snarky:

Then again, this is a choice Alaskans need to make for themselves.


So, what is the principle here? I take it you think that the temporary inhabitants of a particular area should be the ones to decide whether or not to destroy it's natural beauty, both for themselves, for all visitors, and future generations?

I don't think your expansive sense of autonomy makes sense.
8.23.2008 2:45pm
Alpha Centaurian:
"Resources exist to be consumed. And consumed they will be, if not by this generation then by some future. By what right does this forgotten future seek to deny us our birthright? None I say! Let us take what is ours, chew and eat our fill."
CEO Nwabudike Morgan
8.23.2008 4:10pm
PhanTom:
I'll take the salmon over the copper and gold any day.

Salmon's tastier.

--PtM
8.23.2008 5:30pm
Brian G (mail) (www):

Then again, this is a choice Alaskans need to make for themselves.


I agree that Alaskans should be able to make the choice for themselves. However, with that being said, a comprehensive environmental study should be done to determine the impact on the effect on the area's wildlife, natural resources, and indigenous people. Once that study is completed, Congress should review the study to determine if a ban on any type of mineral exploitation is warranted. And, even if it should be allowed, under strict federal regulation, we should impose a windfall profits tax in order to keep companies from exploiting the beauty of Alaska too much. It's all about fairness.

[With that type of thinking, I could be an Obama speechwriter!]
8.23.2008 7:12pm
Jamie (mail):
I'm an Alaskan, and I voted no because quite frankly, I don't trust anything environmentalists or groups from Outside say. They've lied so many times on issues like ANWR, that they have zero credibiliy.

Millions have been spent on ad campaigns, by both sides. They directly conflict with each other. But while it would disrupt Pebble, it would ban any mine that's 640 acres or larger. Rather than have it go through the normal regulatory process.
8.23.2008 7:25pm
Ak Mike (mail):
Pebble is not on Bristol Bay, but is near headwaters of rivers that flow into Bristol Bay. Existing regulations and permitting requirements are stringent and would prevent any significant risk to fish, and anyway nobody now has a clue whether the mine would actually pose any risk to the salmon runs. There is no plan yet for the mine, and environmental assessment is still in process.

The anti mine initiative (which would probably clobber mining all over Alaska) is being financed by a rich fishing lodge owner whose lodge is not in Bristol Bay, but is located near the proposed mine. It is supported by environmentalists whose actual agenda is simply to end mining and all other uses of the outdoors other than backpacking and the like.
8.23.2008 10:11pm
Duncan Frissell (mail):
I'm tired of subsidizing particular industries and particular forms of recreation. Nobody subsidises my preferred forms of recreation (reading personally owned books, listening to Right Wing Hate Radio, and reading blogs). If you want gorgeous wilderness, pay for it. If you pay enough it will be supplied. Conflicts between different uses of water resources can easily be solved by selling them off and then differing uses can be priced.
8.23.2008 11:16pm
grackle (mail):
Well, y'all Alaskans could come down here to Arizona to see the pristine results of strip and pit copper mining. You might then be able to visualize how the acid leaching ponds will really help the environment and how the mountains of pulverized rock will just get put back into a nice earth-like simulation of natural form, after the leaching and extraction, and everything will be as good as new again, give or take a few super-fund clean up sites, like the town of Hayden a few miles outside of Phoenix. Of course, these mining folk have such control over their activities that they easily contain the heavy metal sludge and acid washes from ever contaminating the ground water. They are very good at moving visqueen around. These days there's nothing to worry about, as long as the down stream folks get a share in making the decisions.
8.24.2008 12:21am
kiniyakki (mail):
Three thoughts on this. First, this morning I read a big add in my paper where our governor (Sarah Palin) took out a big add saying she personally believes Alaska should vote no (which would vote down the initiative - a no vote is the pro-mining vote). Is it common for governors to take a personal stand to influence voters on things like this?

Second, true, outside influences push an environmentalist agenda. But, is that any worse than a foreigh mining company coming to exploit resources and make money? I don't really see any difference.

Third, I am very happy this is in the hands of Alaskans. Whatever the result, it is something our state gets to vote on to decide what to do (and then take whatever the consequences) - unlike huge chunks of our state that are subject to federal management regardless of what Alaskans want (federal control of ANWR, Tongass Forrest, etc).

Finally, Jonathan Alder - if you want to take another fishing trip to Alaska (or anybody else for that matter), let me know. I don't live in Dillingham, I live in Ketchikan, but the fishing is pretty good here too!
8.24.2008 12:26am
Crunchy Frog:

Is it common for governors to take a personal stand to influence voters on things like this?

Some people would look at an action like this and call it, oh I don't know, "leadership", but hey, YMMV.

I can't think of a single high-profile initiative in California that the incumbent governor (on either side) didn't voice an opinion on. Maybe Alaska is different, but I doubt it.
8.24.2008 1:07am
a knight (mail) (www):
Corporations have historically been able to get away with environmental damage without facing the true free-market cost of remediation for this liability. If copper mining causes environmental harm, who is liable to be on the tab for it? Certainly not the State of Alaska. It will be the Fed that comes to the rescue, and Alaskans already benefit disproportionately from the Federal Tax System.

The Tax Foundation* found that in 2004, Alaska received $1.87 in federal revenue for every $1 its residents were taxed Federally. As long as these gross inequities remains, it is wrong to consider use of Alaska's natural resources to be just a States' Rights issue.

Alaskans are always loudly mouthing off about out of state environmental groups interfering in their affairs. Well, listen up Klondike Klowns, I live in Nevada, and the same study shows that this state gets reamed by the Fed. In 2004, Nevada only received $0.73 in Federal expenditures for every $1 in taxation sent to Washington. If Alaskans don't like out of state intervention in their affairs, they damn well ought to get their grubby fingers out of my pockets first.

* Curtis S. Dubay, "Federal Tax Burdens and Expenditures by State", The Tax Foundation, Special Report No. 139, March 16, 2006
8.24.2008 1:24am
Randy R. (mail):
Duncan: "If you want gorgeous wilderness, pay for it. If you pay enough it will be supplied."

Actually, nature has already supplied the gorgeous wildneress, and did so for free.

Actually, less than free, if you consider the fact that this has supplied many generations with food at no cost whatsoever. What could be a better deal than that?
8.24.2008 2:05am
E. Barandiaran (mail):
Professor Adler,

I wish all your personal choices on social issues are wise. Unfortunately your choice of words for this post has not been so. You say
"It would be tragic if mining (or anything else) disrupted the local fisheries or that area's natural beauty."
Tragic? Please relax, this is not a tragedy. About the alternative uses for this land in Alaska, I know only what you say in your post, but clearly it is just a typical conflict of interest about the use of (I assume public) land. Given your pretension of knowing some economics, rather than trying to introduce your preferences through the back door of tragedy, you should have argued for a mechanism to solve the conflict.
8.24.2008 2:15am
SATA_Interface:
Can we just drill the wildlife for oil? They probably have some inside them somewhere...
8.24.2008 2:22am
Splunge:
WTF? The copper is where it is. What choice is there? You can't mine the copper somewhere else, in an ugly place with no pretty rivers, because that's not where it is. You can't do without the copper, not unless you want to return to the pre-electronic age and have this debate by old-fashioned letters to the editor (read by candelight, maybe).

You know what this is? This is just another case of the United States outsourcing the environmental costs of its wealth. Instead of developing the tech and social structure necessary to mine copper while protecting the fish and scenery, we're just going to buy the stuff from overseas and the Indonesians (or whatever) will mine the stuff for us, using no environmental (or worker) protections at all, so that the net destruction of the environment will be far worse...but, ha ha, it won't happen here where we can see it.

Good job, "think global" environmentalists. Right up there with the suits at Nike who outsource their sneaker assembly to 13-year-old semi-slave labor in China so they don't run afoul of American OSHA regulation. Maybe pull your head out of your ass and realize the stuff will be mined, and it's actually best for the world environment if it's done here, in a wealthy country, where stout worker and environmental protections can be put in place.
8.24.2008 4:14am
Norman Bates (mail):
Snarky, Alpha Centaurian, Brian G.

Thank you all for your profoundly insightful concepts on that vulgarian concept, democracy. I only wish my detractors had, like you, seen the light and realized that the common people's impulses need to be curbed by the thoughtful guidance of enlightened leaders. -- Louis XVIII (Channeling thru Norman Bates)
8.24.2008 12:08pm
kiniyakki (mail):

Can we just drill the wildlife for oil? They probably have some inside them somewhere...



The Onion has already proposed this once.

a knight,

I've seen the study you mention. I don't think it covers everything. Alaska gets more money from feds, but we are much more restricted in our ability to make money from the resources in our state due to federal control of State lands. I'll note that Nevada gets the shaft even more than Alaska, so unfortunately I cannot "beat you" at this argument!
8.24.2008 1:30pm
kiniyakki (mail):

Can we just drill the wildlife for oil? They probably have some inside them somewhere...


The Onion has already proposed this once.

a knight,

I've seen the study you mention. I don't think it covers everything. Alaska gets more money from feds, but we are much more restricted in our ability to make money from the resources in our state due to federal control of State lands. I'll note that Nevada gets the shaft even more than Alaska, so unfortunately I cannot "beat you" at this argument!
8.24.2008 1:30pm
a knight (mail) (www):
@ kiniyakki - if you take the Nuke dump, I'll call it even up. Is it a deal?
8.24.2008 3:23pm
kiniyakki (mail):
Touche. I'll send some guys with pickup trucks to get it!
8.24.2008 7:45pm
TruthInAdvertising:
"Alaska gets more money from feds, but we are much more restricted in our ability to make money from the resources in our state due to federal control of State lands."

Well you've got that wrong. First, it's "federal control of federal land", not "state land". Even if your point is that the federal government owns land in the state (versus state ownership), Alaskans still have no more right to expect to use that land to "make money from the resources" than they would if all of that land was privately owned. Private owners might have chosen to utilize that land or they may have chosen to leave it in its natural state. You shouldn't have any expectation to use anything you don't own. As for federal land, it's owned in trust for all US citizens, not for the specific benefit of the relatively few people who have chosen to live in Alaska.
8.25.2008 1:01am
a knight (mail) (www):
@ kiniyakki - in all fairness, I'll proffer a bit of analysis as disclosure, that most out of staters haven't an effin' clue about. It's a long, and wandering ravening.

Nevadans have a big political advantage over Alaskans in that our bringin' home the bacon Senator, Reid, actually wins his games of wits played against fence-posts as opponents, unlike your Tubular-Stevens, who tries to build unnecessary bridges. Reid pulled-off a coup in the late '90s that honest libertarians should not be offended with. The Las Vegas Valley was about to hit the wall in its growth due to land tract ownership by the BLM. It was a checkerboard straight outta' hell, probably originating from early homesteading acts in which chunks of land were never grabbed up. In the south-end of the valley it had become nearly impossible for a developer to acquire enough contiguous parcels of land to develop on profitably. The land in the middle of the Vegas valley has very little "green" worth in comparison to some of the privately held land up near the western mountains. Most of that privately held land dates back to early settlers, and comes with grandfathered water rights (read property rights). Water rights are longer given out as property in Nevada, instead are tightly held as state resources, and licensed on a time basis. Throughout Nevada, this is a common occurrence. Early settlers weren't stupid, and they homesteaded on top of easily accessible water, while the government kept what was left.

Reid worked out legislation that allowed for the BLM to swap out and/or auction off the patchwork holdings, which were prime for development, giving Nevada the vast majority of the revenue from it. The auctions brought in a tremendous amount of revenue for the counties, and the state, while the BLM was allowed to purchase and swap developable land for the privately held land which was identified as being prime environmentally sensitive land, and create larger protected areas with it (again, think water rights and natural springs-that's pretty much what it is all about in Nevada).

This worked out well for almost everybody in Nevada, excepting for some long-time Vegas residents who were opposed to all growth in the valley. Environmentally sensitive land got protected, and the previous landholders were given land that was or would in the near-future become extremely liquid assets. The individual counties' property tax rates did not need to be increased because the revenue gained from both the BLM monies poured into the public coffers, and the increased property valuations of developable land paid for the essential public utility build-out necessary for the land to be developed. While Reid did this, he was given awards from environmental groups for his work on securing worthy land for protection.

I doubt that this was factored into the Tax Foundation's figures, which I previously cited.

The loudest protestations over Reid's work on this revolved around a son being retained by a multi-generation Nevadan, who is also a major lobbyist power player in the State legislature, representing the real state power players in the past, Casinos, Harvey Whittemore. Whittmore swapped out some very nice old family estate ranch land for a big parcel of land in the NW part of the Vegas valley, which will, if Vegas continues to grow, become prime real estate in a little less than a decade. Whether you believe Whittmore got over on the deal rests entirely on how you personally value environmentally sensitive land in Nevada. As one who grew up in this state, and has spent a great deal of recreational time traveling around parts of it, I understand the worth of natural springs. There are many little runs of flowing water in which a whole species of fish lives. (see SCOTUS case: Cappaert v. United States) All over Nevada can be found small bits of flowing water, that create mini-ecosystems in which entire species of flora/fauna exists. This water is also the lifeblood of all wildlife that lives for miles around it. Whittmore made out well financially, but the state made-out like a bandit on the other-side in my book.

A example of contemporary conservatism's moral relativism can be found at Judicial Watch. They listed Reid as number 10 in their Ten Most Wanted Corrupt Politicians for 2007, because of his and his son's dealings with Whittmore. Yet travel back in time a bit to Case No. 2:97cv610B in the United States District Court Central Division for the district of Utah. Here one finds that a contracctor for Judicial Watch, Richard Viguerie's American Target Advertising, was opposing a Utah State regulation of contribution canvassers as a violation of the 1st Amendment. I am not questioning the outcome of the case, only wanting to point out who one of the main Utah attorney's retained was, Brent O. Hatch, son of the then Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Contemporary Conservation's dissolute hypocrisy is repugnant. I go hot and cold with Reid, but this complaint was lame and politically motivated.
8.25.2008 2:45am
a knight (mail) (www):
apologies for the sometimes twisting verbosity in my previous post. I need a copy editor or competent secretary to follow me around as I traverse the web...
8.25.2008 3:08am
hattio1:
truth in advertising;
You may have a point with the difference between federal land and state land. But each state was promised land when they got in the union. Alaska has never gotten their promised share.
8.25.2008 1:43pm
TruthInAdvertising:
How about a citation for that claim.
8.25.2008 1:54pm
kiniyakki (mail):
I do not agree with your analogy to public and privately owned. If land is owned by the public, it gives the public the ability to make that land profitable (either by selling, leasing, or something else). Other states have been able to do that and have made a lot of money by land within their state boundaries. The chart I linked to earlier shows that in Alaska, over 2/3 of the land is federally controlled, and so the people in Alaska are not able to make that choice. In short, Alaska does not have the choice to make the public land private. If it did, then your argument might be worth more. But, because it does not, pointing to the similarity between private and federal land makes little sense.

As to the argument that the lands just aren't state lands, they are federal, that is kind of the exact point I want to make. Why is the land in Alaska being held in trust for people in New York, but very little New York land is being held in trust for me? Or land in any other state with a low percentage of federal land holdings in the state?
8.25.2008 4:08pm
kiniyakki (mail):
The citation you are asking for is a bit more complicated. When Alaska became a state, a big chunk of the land was maintained under federal control. Hattio1 is correct that each state was promised land when they entered the union. It would would take a big research project (well, at least a few hours) to see if Alaska has received all that it was promised in the statehood act. But, the way many Alaskans feel is that whatever the number was, it was too high, and is getting bigger. You might return by saying "tough luck, don't complain now." But, by comparing the share of our state that is controlled by the feds with other states (with the exception of some western states - where many people probably feel similarly), it makes us feel that we are the subjects of some type of centralized government that does not let us profit from land in our boundaries. I'll just guess (and make an overblown comparison), but maybe what people subject to a monarch felt like - limited control of the land.
8.25.2008 4:13pm
TruthInAdvertising:
Is it that difficult to find a cite for the claim that every state was promised some amount of land?

"Other states have been able to do that and have made a lot of money by land within their state boundaries."

Again, how about some examples of this? Most land that is controlled by the federal government in Alaska and elsewhere is under government control because there's very little economic value to it.

As for the argument that Alaskans are being deprived of the use of the land - there's only 600,000+ people living in Alaska. How much land does each person need? As for the argument that Alaska is being deprived of the use of the resources - doesn't every Alaskan get a dividend of over $1000 per person from oil and gas revenues? I can't think of any other state that gets that kind of benefit. It's seems like a whole lot of crying from people who are getting a whole lot of subsidies to live where they live.
8.26.2008 10:47pm
kiniyakki (mail):
Just b/c I want to try to have the last word :), I am going to do another post.

Examples and cites, examples and cites ... I'm just writing a comment to a blog, not doing a research paper. But more importantly, I don't think I need a cite for the idea that a State should be able to control the land within its boundaries. Fairly easy to understand concept, whether you agree or not (and I understand that we do disagree - I understand your views - I just know they are wrong :) ).

Federal lands in Alaska can be very valuable. Two examples I have mentioned, but I guess I can talk about them again - developers suspect ANWR has lots of oil, and we all know that the Tongass has lots of trees. Both of those things are profitable, but they are in all or part federal lands.

How much land does each person need? Not the point. The point is that it should be our choice. Sounds a little pink to me - why not restrict American families to one car per family - b/c that is all we think they need?

Finally, the dividend. This goes to the heart of why a State should be able to choose to do what it likes with its resources. Alaska is wealthy on oil, and it chooses to give back to its citizens. What is wrong with that? It is very expensive to live in Alaska, fly to and from Alaska, housing, etc. What is wrong with a state dividend? A capitalist could argue it is the best way to manage a state budget - the state keeps what it needs and then distributes the rest.

Subsidy? I guess I never thought of it like that. Do you think your stocks give you subsidies? I think of it as a return on the investment - same principles at play here.
8.28.2008 4:21am