Referrals to the Entire Court of Lawsuits Challenging President-Elect Obama's Eligibility:

Some supporters of the lawsuits challenging President-Elect Obama's eligibility for office have made much of the fact that some Justices referred stay applications to the entire Court (see this docket entry and this one). One person e-mailed me to fault the referring justices, Justices Scalia and Thomas, for even referring the stay applications. Why not just deny them without referring them to the Court, the way Justices Souter and Ginsburg had originally denied them?

I had earlier pointed out that the overwhelming majority of all stay applications referred to the full court are denied. But I had also remembered something else about resubmissions of the stay petitions to a second Justice, which happened in both these cases. I didn't want to mention it until I had a chance to confirm it, but I just managed to do it:

[I]t is also the present practice for the Justice to whom a resubmission has been transmitted to refer the application to the entire Court for action. This practice is no longer limited to reapplications made when the Court is in session, but occurs whenever such referral is practicable and time is not of the essence. Almost uniformly the reapplications have been denied.

Robert L. Stern, Eugene Gressman, Stephen M. Shapiro & Kenneth S. Geller Supreme Court Practice 683 (7th ed. 1993) (this has long been the definitive treatise on Supreme Court procedure, often known as Stern & Gressman).

So, as I mentioned before, there's nothing at all noteworthy about Justice Scalia's and Justice Thomas's referring the stay petitions to the entire Court. It is entirely standard operating procedure, and does not reflect any judgment at all about the merits of the underlying lawsuits.

Related Posts (on one page):

  1. Referrals to the Entire Court of Lawsuits Challenging President-Elect Obama's Eligibility:
  2. Myths About Supposed Court Action About President-Elect Obama's Supposed Ineligibility:
CVMe:
The point is any litigant who bothers to resubmit an application denied by one Justice to another Justice is likely to refer it to the remaining seven one by one if he keeps getting denied, so why not just have the whole Court deny it at once.
12.11.2008 5:21pm
DanG:
There is an argument that all stay applications should be referred to the full Supreme Court whenever possible. Check out http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1282265.
12.11.2008 5:31pm
Houston Lawyer:
While I don't believe the suit has any merit, I would like for all of the justices to somehow get the point across that they are not considering the suit. I don't know whether this would shut down the black helicopter crowd, but it might thin it out some.
12.11.2008 5:48pm
Sarcastro (www):
[Houston Lawyer they could summarily affirm, like they did back in the school desegregation days.

I'm also confused about this practice of letting every petition that is resubmitted get to conference. So the denial by the initial individual justice is like a roadblock to keep out the riffraff?]
12.11.2008 5:59pm
Steve:
I am pretty sure someone made exactly this point in the original comment thread.

Sarcastro, I think the point is that the majority of litigants will take the hint once the first Justice turns them down. Once they demonstrate their willingness to persist in the matter, referral to conference becomes the most efficient way to get rid of them once and for all.
12.11.2008 6:01pm
Christopher Cooke (mail):
Eugene, I suspect that no amount of reasonable, factual information about Supreme Court practice will convince some people that the referral of the stay application to the entire court means nothing. They want to believe that it means something, so they do, notwithstanding the posts by experts on Supreme Court practice.
12.11.2008 6:09pm
einhverfr (mail) (www):
Christopher Cook:

Eugene, I suspect that no amount of reasonable, factual information about Supreme Court practice will convince some people that the referral of the stay application to the entire court means nothing.


Well, it isn't quite accurate to say it means nothing. It really means that the petition is following normal procedure designed to prevent resubmission over and over again.

This may mean that you have an over-zealous plaintiff, for example.....
12.11.2008 6:12pm
Wiser:
Does a litigant have a right to resubmit to each Justice, assuming no conference vote, or is there a limit on this resubmission procedre?
12.11.2008 6:33pm
OrinKerr:
Sarcastro,

The current system tries to balance workload with an opportunity for review. You could have a system where every application has to go to the conference for a vote, but that would be a waste because most application are either on minor questions (like brief extensions) or are silly (like this one). You could also have a system where no applications go to the conference for a vote, but there's also the possibility you could have a Justice who is off the reservation, like Justice Douglas, who needs to have his decisions reviewed. So you end up with a mixed system in which applicants generally understand that if the application wasn't referred it is a non-starter and the really stubborn ones just ask a second time and get the denial from the whole court.
12.11.2008 6:40pm
Sarcastro (www):
[OrinKerr you had me at Douglas.]
12.11.2008 6:42pm
Eli Rabett (www):
Since DC now has a rite to carry, why not kill these things on cite?
12.11.2008 8:17pm
J. Aldridge:
Should the court be required to give reason for denial of applications?
12.11.2008 8:25pm
Al Maviva:
Wow, there go Scalia and Thomas rigidly adhering to black letter rules again, rather than acting to achieve socially just policies. And, since this week has made it clear that Repetition of Mindless Partisan Talking Points Season is now underway, maybe somebody else can add comments about how "Scalia only referred the petitions to the whole Court because he hates minorities" and "Thomas only did the same thing 'cuz he does whatever Scalia does." Paging Emily Bazelon...

But look on the bright side - it must be refreshing to hear this stuff from right wing anti-Obama loons, rather than left wing anti-Bush loons.
12.12.2008 6:48am
xbg:
the same information is even available on the SCOTUS website itself (page 7 of the pdf, third paragraph), so I don't really understand what the confusion is about.
12.12.2008 6:52am
CVMe:
"there go Scalia and Thomas rigidly adhering to black letter rules"

Not so much black letter rules. More like generally accepted current practice.
12.12.2008 8:07am
Al Maviva:
CVMe - as long as you're not reading my comment as humorous, but as a literal indictment of Scalia and Thomas, you should probably correct my grammar as well. Unless you're intending your schoolmarmish excess literalism as a joke, in which case, well met!
12.12.2008 9:01am
krs:
No less an intellect than Elie Mystal has trashed Justice Thomas for this.
12.12.2008 11:27am
Ira Brad Matetsky:
The current version of Stern &Gressman (now Gressman et al.), the 9th edition 2007, contains the same statement as quoted above, confirming that this is still the Court's practice. All the speculation about why Justice Thomas might have referred the motion for stay to the full Court, or what he might have been trying to signal by doing so, is completely misguided.

Before the current practice evolved, there was at least one case (a death penalty case from the 1950's) in which an application for a stay was serially presented to, and denied by, each of the nine Justices. There have also been famous incidents in which a stay denied by one Justice was granted by another or vice versa, including the Rosenberg case as well as the Cambodian bombings case.
12.12.2008 12:15pm

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