More Comments on the Bailout:

The DC Fox affiliate did an interview with me Friday afternoon. The reporter has posted a story on their website with my commentary on the bailout and my opinions for what is likely to happen going forward here.

RPT (mail):
Isn't it true that none of the southern car makers would be "competitive" or would even operate in the US without state government subsidies? Is the ideological position that subsidies to management are acceptable only if they achieve the goal of driving blue collar wages down?
12.20.2008 11:36am
A. Zarkov (mail):
Unfortunately over the years a fringe element of crackpots and conspiracy mongers have been sounding alarms over the Federal Reserve, Wall Street, banks, hyperinflation, gold etc, predicting a gloom and doom that never comes. As such anyone trying to sound an economic or financial alarm like sounds like one of these crackpots and is not taken seriously. There is a natural tendency for people to trust institutions like the US Treasury and the Federal Reserve. After all they have teams of economists with degrees from prestigious universities.

It's time to stop and think really critically about things like the GM bailout and the runaway money creation by the Fed. Don't take my word for it. Go to the St. Louis website of the FR, "FRED," and look at the data for "base money." Learn what base money is and how it differs from credit money. Base money is the money the FR, and only the FR can create with its "magic checkbook." It's growth over the past 3 months is astonishing and unprecedented. I can only urge people to learn for themselves otherwise I'm going to sound like a crackpot.

Think about the GM bailout in this context.
12.20.2008 12:04pm
Bruce Hayden (mail) (www):
It's time to stop and think really critically about things like the GM bailout and the runaway money creation by the Fed. Don't take my word for it. Go to the St. Louis website of the FR, "FRED," and look at the data for "base money." Learn what base money is and how it differs from credit money. Base money is the money the FR, and only the FR can create with its "magic checkbook." It's growth over the past 3 months is astonishing and unprecedented. I can only urge people to learn for themselves otherwise I'm going to sound like a crackpot.
What ever happened to "Money is a Veil" and MV=PQ?
12.20.2008 12:17pm
Bruce Hayden (mail) (www):
Thinking a bit more about my MV=PQ, my guess is that the worry is that V is dropping due to the credit crunch, and thus M has to be cranked accordingly.
12.20.2008 12:19pm
A. Zarkov (mail):
Bruce Hayden:

What happens when the credit system opens up? I think you will see the velocity increase. Without idle productive capacity to take up the slack, prices will increase. I guess the Fed thinks it will be able to contain the money Godzilla when it breaks free. Central banks always think that.
12.20.2008 1:04pm
A. Zarkov (mail):
Here is the graph of the monetary base (base money or M0) from 2006 to most current release. I customized the plot for the date range and shut off the "recession bars." The recession bars are simply shading that indicates when the economy has been in recession. If you leave the bars on, then the visual impact of the recent astronomical increase is somewhat attenuated. I don't know if the Fed just recently turned on the recession bars, but I don't remember them being on before.

To repeat this is the real money, base money the total of all banknotes (paper currency) and coins + member banks reserves.

Little known fact. Only about 1/3 of US banknotes circulate domestically. The other currency is used by foreigners as their own currency, for money laundering and other nefarious activities. So the change in M0 is really more spectacular. One should really adjust for this.

People should be a lot madder about what the Federal Reserve is doing to their savings than about something like torturing terrorists. The former is going to really hurt you personally in the future.
12.20.2008 6:46pm
A. Zarkov (mail):
Whoops. The changes in the graph got reset. Anyway you can see the effect of the recession bars. Turn them off, customize the plot to go from 2006.
12.20.2008 6:48pm
Dilan Esper (mail) (www):
The problem is that the absolute size of the money supply is only important if you decide ex ante that there's something "wrong" with fiat money, i.e., money not backed by something.

However, since there are huge problems with using money backed by commodities, metals, or other tangible items (mainly that they cause periodic panics, recessions, and especially deflation which destroys prosperity), that leads us back to fiat money. And once you go with fiat money, you need an independent central bank administering it so we don't have politicians pursuing inflationary policies to get reelected. And then you need to give that independent central bank an instruction to try to achieve low unemployment while controlling inflation, and let the central bank manipulate the money supply as necessary to achieve those goals.

That's the only way that works. And since unemployment and inflation, unlike the absolute size of the money supply, are actually important, there's no reason to listen to goldbugs.
12.21.2008 1:53am
A. Zarkov (mail):
"The problem is that the absolute size of the money supply is only important if you decide ex ante that there's something "wrong" with fiat money, i.e., money not backed by something."

Thus the money supply can be infinite.

"However, since there are huge problems with using money backed by commodities, metals, or other tangible items..."


A country can have a central bank to avoid banking panics with or without fiat money. The US had exactly that from 1913-1933, and a quasi-gold standard from 1933-1971.

"... so we don't have politicians pursuing inflationary policies to get reelected."

You get that anyway. Read Secrets of the Temple, where the author describes how Fed chairmans get appointed. Volker was an exception and there was considerable opposition to him because he wouldn't "play ball." Fed chairmans usually do. The independence of central banks is a myth.

While central banks can avoid panics, they really can't deal with insolvent institutions without printing money. Excessive money printing can lead to hyper inflation. The Fed thinks it can bail out the largely unregulated shadow banking system by money creation, and fix the dangers of inflation later. As the amount of money they are creating is unprecedented, no one knows if they can really do that. Look at a plot of Federal Reserve balances, which usually run around $10 billion. Over the last several months that's jumped up to $800 billion-- a factor of 80. This is all the junk the Fed has bought from failing institutions-- junk it probably can't get rid of. That means the Fed is in extreme danger of not being able to un-create money-- running the printing press backwards. This is how we can lose control and get hyper inflation.

Evidently you think this is not a problem-- I hope you're right.
12.21.2008 5:37am
Harry Eagar (mail):
RPT has figured out Reaganomics. Not many others have.

Zarkov, the ability of the Fed to control US money ended decades ago. All a foreign entity has to do is issue dollar-denominated bonds and sell them for local currency.

Voila! More dollars.
12.21.2008 12:30pm
A. Zarkov (mail):
Harry Eagar:

" ... the ability of the Fed to control US money ended decades ago. All a foreign entity has to do is issue dollar-denominated bonds and sell them for local currency."

You are confusing credit money with base money. Anyone can create credit money. If I lend you money and you give me a negotiable IOU, then we have increased the credit money supply by the amount of the IOU, but we have not increased base money (M0). The (base) money I lend you gets deducted (by the Fed) from my checking account and credited to your's.

If a foreign country issues a dollar-denominated bond they have to pay off the bond with US base money they have in their central bank's account. They cannot create base money. If they can't pay off the bond, then they can try to roll it over with new debt or go into default. This is exactly what happened to Argentina in 2001 with disasterous consequences for them.

The US Federal Reserve is the only entity that can create more base money through its magic check book. When it creates a credit there is no offsetting deduction. I hope this is clear, because without this basic knowledge you can't understand what's happening to the country's financial system.
12.21.2008 1:01pm
Allan Walstad (mail):

The problem is that the absolute size of the money supply is only important if you decide ex ante that there's something "wrong" with fiat money, i.e., money not backed by something.

The problem, of course, is not with the absolute size of the money supply but with misguided changes therein. Whatever the status of ex ante theorizing about fiat money, by now we have plenty of data ex post regarding the perils of letting monetary alchemists jerk around with the economy. For example, in a recent column the economist Walter Williams points out that wholesale prices fell by 6 percent during the century prior to the founding of the Federal Reserve, and the maximum number of bank failures in any one year was 496; whereas, in the century since, prices have risen 1300 percent and the maximum number of bank failures was 4400.

Since there are huge problems with fiat money (mainly that it causes periodic panics, recessions, and especially inflation which destroys savings), that leads sensible thinkers back to the idea of using money backed by commodities, metals, or other tangible items. The contrary supposition that with fiat money, an independent central bank will prevent politicians from pursuing inflationary policies, that its manipulation of the money supply will maintain low unemployment with low inflation, simply defies experience.
12.21.2008 2:03pm
Dilan Esper (mail) (www):
Whatever the status of ex ante theorizing about fiat money, by now we have plenty of data ex post regarding the perils of letting monetary alchemists jerk around with the economy.

Actually, the Fed's record is excellent. When we say this is the worst crisis since the Great Depression, you need to think about what that means-- it means the Central Bank kept us out of a depression for almost 70 years. Compare that to the years under the gold standard, when the money supply was relatively fixed and we had Depression-like panics every 20 or so years.

The fact of the matter is, I know a lot of people simply don't like that the value of their money can be manipulated by central bankers. But as long as you give them the proper instructions, that's a better system than any of the proposed alternatives. Because we had a federal reserve to grow the economy, we can live in a prosperous technologically advanced society that allows any citizen to believe in and spout idiotic monetary theories.
12.21.2008 6:57pm
A. Zarkov (mail):
Dilan Esper:

"... it means the Central Bank kept us out of a depression for almost 70 years."


Again you confuse central banking and fiat money-- you don't necessarily have to have both.

"The fact of the matter is, I know a lot of people simply don't like that the value of their money can be manipulated by central bankers."


And you do? You make it seem like the desire for a stable currency is somehow a moral fault. Tell that to people who have to live off their annuity in retirement.
12.21.2008 9:24pm
Dilan Esper (mail) (www):
You make it seem like the desire for a stable currency is somehow a moral fault.

Not a moral fault. Indeed, the Fed attempts to control inflation and does a fine job of it overall. But the desire to have no inflation at all is simply something that isn't that important when one considers the costs one would have to pay to get it.

Tell that to people who have to live off their annuity in retirement.

It's true that inflation hits people with fixed incomes. That's why we have COLA increases in Social Security. But again, those people on fixed incomes would be a lot worse off in an economy with deflation and periodic panics, because then there would be not enough people working to pay their Social Security checks or take care of their elders privately.

Moderate inflation is simply the cost of a prosperous society. As long as it is built into interest rates and social insurance, it's manageable, and its benefits far exceed its costs.
12.22.2008 3:28pm
A. Zarkov (mail):
"But the desire to have no inflation at all is simply something that isn't that important when one considers the costs one would have to pay to get it."

Who said anything about no inflation? Strawman. The question is how much inflation will we get?

"It's true that inflation hits people with fixed incomes. That's why we have COLA increases in Social Security."

SS is not enough to live on. Many people have fixed pensions that are not indexed. The SS indexing is not sufficient to preserve purchasing power. Inflation hurts retirees. So does low interest rate. With the baby boomers aging there are going to be a lot of retirees soon.

"But again, those people on fixed incomes would be a lot worse off in an economy with deflation and periodic panics ..."

Panics were runs on banks, not depressions. Again central banking exists to prevent runs and that can be done without creating persistent inflation.

"Moderate inflation is simply the cost of a prosperous society."

How does moderate inflation make society prosperous? The main reason for predictable moderate inflation is to lower wages. Nominal wages are very sticky and don't go down when they need to. Thus a little bit of inflation allows a downward wage adjustment.

But the discussion is not about moderate inflation. It's about the danger of severe inflation, even hyper inflation.
12.22.2008 8:36pm
Dilan Esper (mail) (www):
Panics were runs on banks, not depressions. Again central banking exists to prevent runs and that can be done without creating persistent inflation.

Do some research on 19th Century panics and what caused them and get back to me on this.

How does moderate inflation make society prosperous?

By giving people an incentive to invest their money rather than hoarding it.
12.23.2008 9:52pm

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