Great Idea for a New Legal-Political Thriller:

It'll be called Time Zone, or maybe Twentieth Amendment, and it will revolve around the provision that "The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January." An international incident on inauguration day triggers a constitutional crisis revolving around the fact that the Amendment doesn't tell us what time zone will be the reference point. The old President decides that when the new President is appointed in the Eastern zone, the old President remains in charge in Central and points west, and then his power only ebbs hour by hour rather than vanishing altogether at noon Eastern. High drama ensues. Military forces from different time zones have a tense standoff. The Florida and Kentucky militias skirmish across the time line. Eventually the old President is reduced to staying in a bunker in the Aleut Islands, commanding the tiny remnants of the nation that he has left. It'll sell millions, I tell you, millions.

Richard Aubrey (mail):
Worse has.
1.19.2009 10:22am
Patent Lawyer:
This can go with James Huston's "Balance of Power" series of "thrillers based on little known Constitutional provisions". ("Balance of Power" was a military/political thriller in which Congress uses the Letters of Marque and Reprisal clause to go around a pacifist President.)
1.19.2009 10:24am
PersonFromPorlock:
Not bad, but the military uses Zulu time (GMT). So it's the same official time on all American bases everywhere.
1.19.2009 10:24am
FantasiaWHT:
I was going to make a thrilling observation about Arizona and the lack of DST, but I realized that January is standard time regardless. Well, the switchover was just made later than ever before, so maybe it could be lengthened even further for this movie, heh.
1.19.2009 10:28am
intresting:
@PersonFromPorlock

actually that's probably a good argument for using GMT instead of EST for the inauguration.
1.19.2009 10:28am
Kevin R (mail):
The President could head out to American Samoa (UTC-11) even after his power in the Aleutians is gone.
1.19.2009 10:33am
David M. Nieporent (www):
I guess exam grading is done.
1.19.2009 10:47am
Thales (mail) (www):
Relatedly, Eugene, I've thought of the slightly more convoluted constitutional time bomb scenario where Congress, with its plenary power to regulate weights and measures, decides to erase January 20 from the calendar, so that the people's choice for the chief executive never takes office and the lame duck never leaves. Think about it, the corrupt lame ducker would only need to successfully bribe 268 House members and 60 Senators to effect the "calendar coup."
1.19.2009 11:00am
Rock Chocklett:
Will the movie version be set in real time?
1.19.2009 11:10am
KMC:
Thales,
I'm not sure that does it. The clause has "the 20th day of January," which is the twentieth day regardless of what you call it. (You could suppose the Congress renamed the days of January after colors, or sold naming rights to days, as naming rights to years are sold in David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest: So you could have The Purple of January (still the 20th day) or whatever.) What you need for your scenario to play out is for the month of January to be renamed.
1.19.2009 11:14am
Charlie (Colorado) (mail):
Yeah, but noon zulu is 0500 EST; figuring it's Zulu time means making everyone parade in the dark.
1.19.2009 11:14am
Plastic:
Not only that, but as each invades the other they realize that they're suddenly under the command of the other president and turn to fight against their state until they once again reach their home.

In any case the eastern seaboard would be a burning wreck as the waning administration has control of the ICBMs and B-2 Spirits in the Midwest.
1.19.2009 11:28am
David Warner:
Kevin R,

"The President could head out to American Samoa (UTC-11) even after his power in the Aleutians is gone."

There's always the nuclear option. Maybe someday President Gore will be forced to such measures to save our beloved planet.
1.19.2009 11:29am
John Burgess (mail) (www):
When you write up your manuscript, you can bundle it with mine involving a murder in a US Embassy abroad. Who gets jurisdiction for a crime committed not in any state, but on 'sovereign US territory' nonetheless?
1.19.2009 11:33am
Happyshooter:
Who gets jurisdiction for a crime committed not in any state, but on 'sovereign US territory' nonetheless?

The military base rule appears to be that jurisdiction rests where the wrongdoer lands in America.

Side note: Has anyone ever read the book about the US Berlin Court? It only heard one case, a highjacked airliner, and they signed up a US District Judge who ended up being disloyal to the US goals in setting up the court.
1.19.2009 11:50am
Fub:
Eventually the old President is reduced to staying in a bunker in the Aleut Islands, commanding the tiny remnants of the nation that he has left. It'll sell millions, I tell you, millions.
Juice it up a bit with some historical interest. The old President steals a broken Guarneri, thought lost since 1831, but discovered hidden in the depths of the Bardstown Kentucky Chamber of Commerce during the Central-Eastern time zone battle. He and his national remnants then flee to refuge at an Aleutian monastery built by the last remnants of the Carpocratians.

Sects and violins always sell better. You'll make dozens of dollars.
1.19.2009 12:09pm
man from mars:

This can go with James Huston's "Balance of Power" series of "thrillers based on little known Constitutional provisions". ("Balance of Power" was a military/political thriller in which Congress uses the Letters of Marque and Reprisal clause to go around a pacifist President.)


C.J. Box's novel Free Fire could be in this series as well (together with Volokh's proposed time zone thriller). Free Fire is based on Brian Kalt's discovery that the Sixth Amendment's interaction with certain venue statutes allows anyone to commit a crime in certain areas of the United States without being prosecuted.
1.19.2009 12:19pm
gran habano:
This is one area where our political tradition seems to have evolved to something sensible. Obama and McCain have been privy to executive level information re national security issues, and for many months. That foreknowledge might tend to rub out any strident disagreements that could arise without it.

But you could work that into the manuscript for the story. Those briefings might provide an avenue to introduce a president elect to like minded military, setting the stage for your split.
1.19.2009 12:28pm
Dave N (mail):
Eugene,

My polite suggestion is that you not give up your day job.

One highly unrealistic assumption your proposal makes is that the military (or anyone else for that matter) will continue to follow the outgoing President and obeys his orders as he hops from time zone to time zone.

Heck, all it will take is one Air Force Lieutenant Colonel (the pilot of Air Force One) to thwart the plot completely.
1.19.2009 12:37pm
Owen Hutchins (mail):

Side note: Has anyone ever read the book about the US Berlin Court? It only heard one case, a highjacked airliner, and they signed up a US District Judge who ended up being disloyal to the US goals in setting up the court.


I'm not sure it is accurate to use the term "disloyal", when what he did was say that just because he was appointed by the State Dept. didn't mean they got to tell him how to rule.
1.19.2009 12:47pm
Aric (mail) (www):
KMC:

Easy. Under the new Freedom Calendar, January only has 19 days.
1.19.2009 12:51pm
Bishop:
So Eugene, how did you come upon the secret plot for the 8th season of "24"....
1.19.2009 1:32pm
KeithK (mail):
It'll sell millions, I tell you, millions.

Your idea is definitely worth millions of Zimbabwean dollars.
1.19.2009 1:45pm
BZ (mail):
Reminds me of the time I got on a Senate elevator with Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan, and my boss asked him how his new book was doing: "Wonderful! It's selling in the hundreds!"
1.19.2009 2:34pm
NTB24601:
So its sort of like "24" only it instead resolves around a single hour. What will be the title? "That One"?
1.19.2009 2:54pm
Brian G (mail) (www):
Hey, whatever happened to Bush cancelling the election and refusing to leave office? I guess you can add that to one of the utter ridiculous things said about Bush over the past 8 years.

On your story idea, here's the problem. If the story has a Democrat on the way in and a Republican on the way out, Hollywood would have the Republican President refusing to give up the office and it would soon be found out that it was a ploy by the Republican President, along with the VP (certainly a Dick Cheney look-alike, see e.g The Day After Tomorrow), a Haliburon-like company, the KKK, the CIA, and the Mormons all in on it. At the beginning, you are meant to think that a Muslim terrorist plot, and a Muslim gets waterboarded. Later we discover it is really an attempt to silence a staunch Muslim critic of Prop 8 in California.

If it was a Republican coming into office, add all of the above co-conspirators, the gay Muslim subplot, and the revelation that a major Hailburton lease on oil wells expires at noon on January 20th and the Republican must come into office so he can extend the 99 year option, which will lead to global warming and the end of the polar bear in 3 weeks unless the Republican is stopped.

Of course, Nicholas Cage will have to star.
1.19.2009 3:09pm
Dave N (mail):
Brian G,

You are right about the plot. On a technical note, Nicolas Cage does not have an "h" in his name.

I think he should play the incoming President, leapfrogging past the outgoing President so that eventually they can recreate Harrison Ford's famous final scene on the movie, Air Force One--including Ford's line, "Get off my plane."
1.19.2009 3:27pm
Dave D. (mail):
...Hmmmm ? Kentucky militia skirmishing with Florida..? Won't Tennesee and Georgia mind the the muskit balls crossing their fair states ? And Professor, you might not know this, but those really long shots have been known to stretch the barrels. Maybe only bordering states should fight, like the Lemurs do in Madsgascar
1.19.2009 4:36pm
Thales (mail) (www):
"Thales,
I'm not sure that does it. The clause has "the 20th day of January," which is the twentieth day regardless of what you call it. (You could suppose the Congress renamed the days of January after colors, or sold naming rights to days, as naming rights to years are sold in David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest: So you could have The Purple of January (still the 20th day) or whatever.) What you need for your scenario to play out is for the month of January to be renamed."

Even better then, Congress uses the same authority to shorten January to 19 days. Then it's an ironclad calendar coup, subject only to an "original public meaning of the 20th amendment" challenge by the hero lawyer Randy Barnett, who will have to be silenced as part of the (other) conspiracy.
1.19.2009 6:01pm
Thales (mail) (www):
Oops, Aric beat me to it. I still think making Barnett a character would be a good twist.
1.19.2009 6:02pm
Rich Rostrom (mail):
While we're concocting supermarket thrillers, how about this?

A President (-ial nominee, -elect, or even ex-) is actually not a citizen - unknown to anyone, even possibly himself. He was actually foreign-born: brought into the U.S. in a secret adoption by a man who needed a supposed child to conceal his homosexuality. The nominal father then died a few years later, the nominal mother disappeared, and the child was fostered by his supposed relatives, who knew nothing of the scam.

Many years later, the secret comes out somehow. (The father's aaaociates may still be around, or perhaps something in their old letters or diaries is revelatory.) The President volunteers his DNA for a bone-marrow donor scan, perhaps, and there is, somehow, a "hit" (and also a miss with his supposed famliy).

Political or Constitutional crisis?
1.19.2009 6:59pm
Andrew Okun:
The new president would just have to pre-empt things by flying over the international dateline, where it is always tomorrow. ("The Island of the Day Before" by Umberto Eco)

I think Eugene should do it if he likes. There are literally hundreds of dollars to be made in novel writing.
1.19.2009 7:54pm
CJColucci:
Almost as bad an idea as one I had several years ago: the line of Presidential succession was extended to everyone in America eligible for the office. Someone who was 143d in the line of succession was systematically murdering the people who stood in his way.
And, yes, there was a book on the United States District Court for the District of Berlin. I forget the title, though I think it was "Judgment in Berlin," and I think Judge Stern may have written it.
1.19.2009 8:22pm
Gerg:
I'm not sure that does it. The clause has "the 20th day of January," which is the twentieth day regardless of what you call it.


Congress could just say January only has 19 days...
1.19.2009 8:25pm
New Pseudonym:

Not bad, but the military uses Zulu time (GMT). So it's the same official time on all American bases everywhere


Not true, the Army uses a 24 hour clock, but local time and Navy ships reset their clocks at midnight to allow for time differences as they sail east or west. So we could have the Army on one side using Patriot missiles to shoot down Air Force F-117s on the other. (Being fiction, we can ignore real weapons capabilities).

It's like the old story at the end of the briefing for a Joint Operation when it comes time to synchronize watches. The briefing officer announces, "For you soldiers, when I say hack, it will be 1400 hours, for you guys in the Air Force, it will be 2100Z, for sailors, it will be four bells, and for you Marines it will be big hand on 12, little hand on 2."
1.19.2009 9:25pm
SMSF (mail) (www):
Sounded great until the comments above ripped holes in the plot re military time!
1.19.2009 10:44pm
Fidelity (mail) (www):
I think maybe you should get a hold of the guys at South Park.
1.20.2009 12:06am
Lucas:
Well, the "Congress could give January only 19 days" problem probably has an answer: Article II, Section 1 says the President's term is for four years. So even if there's no "January 20," the old President is out of luck the day after January 19 anyway, since his 4 years are up.

But does that let the new guy take office then, or does he need the "twentieth day of January"? If the latter, you'll have the Speaker of the House trying to step up, with all the cans of worms that opens.
1.20.2009 1:46am
Eugene Volokh (www):
Dave D.: Sorry for the confusion; I meant there'd be internal skirmishing within the Florida and Kentucky militias, since different parts of those states are in different time zones.
1.20.2009 10:01am
R. G. Newbury (mail):
Someone suggests the outgoing Pres should go to American Samoa, which is the same TZ as the outer Aleutian islands.

In that case, since we are splitting hairs, what happens when the (outgoing) Pres flies over Kitibati on his way to American Samoa? Kiribati is the 'other side of the date-line' and already the next day. He becomes the ex-Pres instantly because it will have become after noon at that instant. (Snap quiz for the day: what tense is 'will have become'? Illustrate by translating into Latin or French).

Unless you wish to argue that Presidential powers are express trust, of which the President is both trustee *and* beneficiary. Then it might be arguable that once originally assumed at Inauguration they are capable of re-assumption, like a springing devise. (Cf, the section 3 of the 25th Amendment, which implicitly assumes a springing power).

Myself, I would argue that the outgoing Pres has a usufructory right to continue to issue orders until noon in the timezone where he is.

I can imagine the scene in the movie version where the gripping arguments are made. Barnett and Larry Tribe as themselves and Jack Nicholson (again) as outgoing White House chief of staff. "You can't handle the truth". It writes itself...got ALL the buttons: power, conflict, springing devise, usufruct. It'll make millions... of lawyers and law students look up 'usufruct'....
1.20.2009 10:38am
PersonFromPorlock:
Hey EV: How about a book where the Supreme Court reads Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution literally, throws in its usual dollop of deference to the legislature ("We must conclude that they meant what they so clearly said"), decides there hasn't been a president qualified to hold the office since Zachary Taylor and both vacates the office and nullifies all federal legislation signed by any 'president' since Taylor, and by several 'presidents' before him?

We could call it "The Comma Caper." ;^)
1.20.2009 11:09am
Michael Kochin (www):
As for the Federal Court for Berlin, it is not obvious to me that by discharging people who sought freedom from communist tyranny, the Judge was either a) being disloyal or b) acting contrary to the actual wishes of the Administration. If they wanted people put in jail, why didn't the US just allow the Germans to try them instead invoking its rights as the occupying power?
1.20.2009 3:51pm
ReaderY:
Uh, what about the Unitary Executive, the little thing about executive power being vested in "a" president? Since today's time zones are actually an improvement on the jumble of different available in an earlier era, presumably this is hardly a new issue.
1.21.2009 2:25am

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