The Significance of the Flubbed Oath:
To my mind, the flubbed oath at today's inaugural teaches one important lesson: The answer to the question, "How many former editors of the Harvard Law Review does it take to administer the Presidential oath properly?" is "More than two."
mls (www):
Thank God they didn't try to change a lightbulb.
1.20.2009 4:54pm
Sam S.:
Someday in the future, I will be doing an oral argument in an appeal, and will not know a case / the record. When the court laments, "Counsel, shouldn't you know this case / the record", at least I can now rejoin, "Hey, it's not like I am the chief justice of the united states and just flubbed the administration of the oath of office for the POTUS."

All my future malpractice now looks better by comparison.
1.20.2009 5:00pm
J. Aldridge:
1.20.2009 5:00pm
J. Aldridge:
^^^ Ooops thought I was posting to Randy's thread.
1.20.2009 5:01pm
Pragmaticist:
I couldn't tell from watching it on TV, but did Chief Justice Roberts have the oath on a piece of paper in his hands?
1.20.2009 5:07pm
Randy Barnett (mail) (www):
Got it, J. Thanks
1.20.2009 5:07pm
My Middle Name Is Ralph:
@ pragmatist, I read somewhere that he did not have it on paper. He reportedly practiced it quite a bit however . . . .
1.20.2009 5:21pm
Observer:
One of the things that editors of the Harvard Law Review are told (but that Kerr unsurprisingly was not told at Yale) is that split infinitives are to be avoided.
1.20.2009 5:25pm
My Middle Name Is Ralph:
The oath does not contain a split infinitive.
1.20.2009 5:30pm
Andrew Hyman (mail) (www):
When Taft read the oath of office, instead of asking Hoover to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution he said, “preserve, maintain and defend.”

http://fpc.state.gov/114510.htm
1.20.2009 5:32pm
Dan Simon (mail) (www):
I guess HLS is no better than Purdue and USC...
1.20.2009 5:37pm
OrinKerr:
One of the things that editors of the Harvard Law Review are told (but that Kerr unsurprisingly was not told at Yale) is that split infinitives are to be avoided.

I enjoy splitting infinitives, but I should be clear that it's just my own preference (I didn't get into Yale Law, and I never took the Harvard Law Review competition).
1.20.2009 5:38pm
http://volokh.com/?exclude=davidb:

Observer:
One of the things that editors of the Harvard Law Review are told (but that Kerr unsurprisingly was not told at Yale) is that split infinitives are to be avoided.

So Observer
(a) mis-identifies Prof. Kerr's law school;
(b) wrongly claims that the oath of office contains an infinitive;
(c) states a preference for unsplit infinitives that amounts to errant pedantry; and
(d) thrice -- thrice!! -- uses the passive voice, which he probably should avoid (although mind you, there's no "rule").

That's an impressive amount of annoying silliness in one sentence. Is Observer actually.... I don't know... maybe....

SARCASTRO?!?!?
1.20.2009 5:52pm
Jeff Leyser (mail):
Reading all the fun and games, it occurs to me there may be an actual problem one day with taking the oath.

Article II section 1 says "Before <i>he</i> enter on the Execution of his Office, <i>he</i> shall take the following Oath or Affirmation."

One of these days, we'll elect a woman to the office of the President, or one will be appointed to the office via succession. Will we need to amend the constitution before <i>she</i> can enter on the Execution of <i>her</i> Office?
1.20.2009 6:45pm
NTB24601:
OMG! None of the women in Congress meet the Constitutional qualifications!

Article I, Sect. 2, cl. 2:

No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

Article I, Sect. 2, cl. 3:

No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

=P
1.20.2009 7:02pm
wb (mail):
Comm'n guys. Who cares? Really!
1.20.2009 7:10pm
ShelbyC:


(but that Kerr unsurprisingly was not told at Yale)

...

I didn't get into Yale Law...



That's why it's unsuprising. Try and keep up, eh?
1.20.2009 7:38pm
resh (mail):
Forget the real or imagined split infinitive. The larger issue, reflecting dogma more than pedantry, is why Roberts felt compelled to ask, post-oath per se, "so help you god?"

I guess Roberts learned the oath in church.
1.20.2009 7:48pm
NTB24601:
resh:


Forget the real or imagined split infinitive. The larger issue, reflecting dogma more than pedantry, is why Roberts felt compelled to ask, post-oath per se, "so help you god?"

I guess Roberts learned the oath in church.

That's a really good point, which I think people should be discussing more. Its one thing for the President, of his own volition, to add: "So help me God" to the end of the oath. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court adding it, though, strikes me as inappropriate.
1.20.2009 7:54pm
Feldspar:
Justice Stevens (Northwestern '47) continues to outshine Roberts. ;)
1.20.2009 8:07pm
resh (mail):
"Its one thing for the President, of his own volition, to add: "So help me God" to the end of the oath. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court adding it, though, strikes me as inappropriate."

No more so, he replied wryly, than if the originalist Justice had asked, "so help you Allah?"
1.20.2009 8:22pm
Non-T14 Dude:
Actually, the question could also be put: "How many former Harvard law students who took Larry Tribe for con law does it take to administer the Presidential oath properly?"

I've heard Tribe's bragged about having had both Roberts and Obama as students. I heard that before the election Tribe even said his "fantasy" was to see one of his students, Chief Justice Roberts, swear in another of his students, Obama, as president (can someone please find and link to that?).

Well, now we know the results of Tribe's teaching!

(In Roberts' defense, I read somewhere that when Roberts took the course, Tribe didn't assign a casebook; he just assigned his own "treatise," which I guess wouldn't actually tell you much about constitutional law! I'll try to find and post that.)

Apart from their mutual disadvantage of having had Tribe teach them constitutional law, I suppose it's not surprising that Roberts and Obama couldn't get the constitutional text right,as they both got subpar grades from Larry Tribe. Tribe publicly outed Roberts a few years ago as being just an A- student, and Obama carped about it during law school:

http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-bloggers/1493875/posts

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVt2dH7d69k

http://volokh.com/posts/1217534721.shtml#408513
1.20.2009 8:22pm
Gabriel McCall (mail):
Since Obama hasn't actually taken the exact oath required of him, one might argue that he is not yet the president.

Oh wait- precise adherence to the letter of the law is what the government requires of the citizenry, not of itself. Never mind.
1.20.2009 8:41pm
Dawnsblood (mail):
Obama requested that the Chief Justice add it to the oath NTB24601. At least that is what the link says.
1.20.2009 9:03pm
MikeS (mail):
I think the answer is "fewer than two". Either would have gotten it right without the other stepping on his lines.
1.20.2009 9:29pm
NTB24601:
Dawnsblood:

Obama requested that the Chief Justice add it to the oath NTB24601. At least that is what the link says.

Good to know. Thanks for the info. I guess that's why no one is talking about it. =)
1.20.2009 9:34pm
Displaced Midwesterner:
Let the pro se litigation over whether Obama is actually President commence!
1.21.2009 12:14am
Bruce:
and I never took the Harvard Law Review competition

Interesting, given your subsequent career. Why not?
1.21.2009 1:09am
Bill McGonigle (www):
Jeff - the masculine and neuter forms in English collapsed a *long* time ago. 'He' can be either.
1.21.2009 1:58am
man from mars:
President Obama's oath at the inauguration did not fulfill the requirement of Article 1, Section 1, which states:

Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:—‘‘I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.’’


This is the only part of the Constitution that is specifically quoted.

By contrast, in other parts of the Constitution where Oaths are required, no quotation marks are used. For example, Article IV, clause 2 (the Oath clause) states only the substance, not the exact wording, of the Oath required of legislators, judges, and Executive Officers:

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the
Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution


Comparing the wording of the Oath required of the President and that required by legislators and officers, it is clear that only in the former case are the exact words required. Were exact words not required, after all, quotation marks would not have been used.

In repeating the oath, the President moved the position of the word faithfully from the Constitutional text. This is a critical word: he did not faithfully recited the oath, so he did not faithfully fulfill the requirements of Article 2, Section 1.

Even if President Obama did not take the oath correctly privately, mooting this post, there is no legal justification I am aware of for the suggestion that he is "not President" just because he did not fulfill a particular constitutional duty. I doubt there is any remedy either, except perhaps to bring a writ of mandamus. (The problem with a writ is that I do not see who would have standing to bring it).
1.21.2009 6:40am
Doug C (mail):
Of course there is no requirement that the president take the oath at that particular time and place. It is easy enough to fix (if you think there is a problem) by taking the oath exactly as written.

My view is that if I were giving an enforceability opinion, I would tell my client just to retake the oath before executing any documents. That would get rid of any concern.
1.21.2009 11:19am
Dan Weber (www):
Has any President ever given that quote, exactly as presented?

I mean, they usually insert their name between "I" and "do solemnly swear." Which ain't the Constitution, bub!
1.21.2009 12:41pm
Andrew Hyman (mail) (www):
Good point, Dan. And none of them have said parenthetically "or affirm" either. I guess we've never had a legitimate president!
1.21.2009 1:14pm
man from mars:
I want to add one comment to my earlier post in which I pointed out that the Oath must be given as in the Constitution to have effect:

President Obama's Oath is not just different in wording from the Constitution's Oath - it's also likely different in meaning.

Obama's Oath stated:

I will execute the Office of President of the United Sates faithfully


But the Constitution's Oath stated:

I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United Sates


There are two key differences in meaning:

(A) Obama's Oath subtly deprecates the importance of the word "faithfully" compared to the Constitution's Oath. In the Constitution, the word "faithfully" comes first, where it connotes a greater level of emphasis than it does in Obama's Oath, where it comes at the end of the clause (and in the middle of the whole Oath, rather than at the start). In the Constitution's Oath, faithfulness is paramount; in Obama's Oath, execution is paramount.

(B) The Constitution's Oath directly alludes to the Take Care Clause, requiring that the President "take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed." Obama's Oath removes that direct allusion because it does not exactly quote the Take Care clause.

To recapitulate my conclusions in this post and the prior one:

(1) Obama is indeed President;

(2) Obama's Oath does not satisfy the Constitutional requirement of Article 2, Section 1;

(4) Obama's Oath connotes something different from the Constitution's Oath.

There are two salient questions I do not know the answer to, however.

First, can Obama constitutionally exercise Presidential powers without taking the Constitution's Oath? Second, does any citizen have standing to move for a writ of mandamus forcing Obama to take the Constitution's Oath?
1.21.2009 1:38pm
Rock On:
It's times like this I am glad I didn't go into law.
1.21.2009 3:54pm
DiversityHire:
The combination of Roberts, Obama, and the Fox automated-transcription system produced a better oath of office:

I. — Barack Hussein Obama I solemnly swear Barack Hussein Obama do solemnly swear. That I will execute the office of president of the United States faithfully — execute. Get off faithfully the president the office of president and — I just — the United States — wheels. — the best of — ability and will miss my children. Preserve protect and defend the constitution of the United States. Preserve protect and defend the constitution of the United States so help you got so homey.
1.21.2009 4:04pm
Randy R. (mail):
Bill: "Jeff - the masculine and neuter forms in English collapsed a *long* time ago. 'He' can be either."

You mean the plain meaning of the constitution can change over time? Heavens!
1.21.2009 4:36pm
Pawyilee (mail) (www):
I'm not a lawyer, just a Unitarian and Secular Atheist, but I'd never swear an oath without adding, "So help me God." So if I fail to fulfill the oath in large or in small, it ain't my fault but a non-existent God's. PS: BBC announced that Chief Justice Roberts re-administered the oath to the President in the White House--better late than never.
1.21.2009 10:25pm

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