Judge Wilkinson Asks Obama Administration Not to "Go For An Ideological Makeover" Of His Circuit:
In today's Washington Post, Fourth Circuit Judge J. Harvie Wilkinson has an op-ed advising the Obama Administration on what kind of people it should pick to join him on the Fourth Circuit. The gist of the essay is that Obama shouldn't nominate anyone too ideological:
I pray that coming appointments to our court will not cause the doors of communication and compromise to slam shut. A polarized 4th Circuit would bring no discernible public benefit. At the end of the day, it's not lines of battle; it's not us and them. Americans are in this together, and that includes the courts.
  Judge Wilkinson is an excellent judge, and I happen to agree with the opinions he expresses in the op-ed. But c'mon, is it too much to expect for the elected branches to do their jobs without judges weighing in? Nominating judges is the President's job, and confirming them is the Senate's. Sitting judges — and especially sitting judges generally affiliated with the opposite party as both the President and the majority of the Senate — have and should have no role in the process. As I said before when criticizing Justice Ginsburg, judges who want judicial independence must see it as a two-way street: If they want the elected branches to stay out of judicial business, they should stay out of the business of the elected branches.
Steve:
For balance, you should include a link to the op-ed where Judge Wilkinson advised President Bush not to nominate anyone too ideological to his court.
1.23.2009 2:44pm
Anderson (mail):
Rather than a polarized 4th Circuit, the good judge prefers the current unipolar bench. Indeed?

Wilkinson is said to be a very smart man, but even Homer nods.
1.23.2009 2:51pm
commontheme (mail):
Shorter Wilkinson: if you don't appoint people who think like I do, I won't talk to them.
1.23.2009 2:59pm
CJColucci:
A judge expressed a non-judicial opinion about what another branch of government ought to do about matters connected with the judiciary, about which the judge knows a fair amount. Pardon me if I'm not worked up about this. And I don't even agree with him.
1.23.2009 3:01pm
Meh Neh:
As chief judge of the Fourth Circuit during the Clinton Administration, Wilkinson repeatedly made statements claiming that the Senate should not confirm any Clinton nominees to that court because it would reduce the court's "collegiality." He immediately ceased his objections when Bush took the oath of office.

Now, on the third day of the Obama Administration, Wilkinson warns that President Obama better not nominate any judges who don't agree with Judge J. Harvie Wilkinson. I'd like to know who he thinks he's fooling.
1.23.2009 3:01pm
Meh Neh:
A judge expressed a non-judicial opinion about what another branch of government ought to do about matters connected with the judiciary, about which the judge knows a fair amount. Pardon me if I'm not worked up about this. And I don't even agree with him.

My previous comment notwithstanding, I agree with CJColucci. Judges know more than anyone about the judicial branch, and they should be encouraged to spread their specialized knowledge vocally and often.

Transparency is a virtue.
1.23.2009 3:03pm
OrinKerr:
Meh Neh,

How specialized is Judge Wilkinson's knowledge as revealed in the op-ed? What did he say that is not widely known?
1.23.2009 3:06pm
PLR:
Transparency is a virtue.

And Wilkinson is nothing if not transparent.
1.23.2009 3:07pm
Guest101:
I also agree with CJColucci that there's nothing in principle wrong with a judge offering his perspective on how the elected branches should handle matters pertaining to the judiciary-- such perspectives are valuable and one certainly does not lose one's rights to free speech and petition upon appointment to the federal bench. I think judicial suggestions regarding legislation such as Ginsburg's are appropriate for the same reasons. As to the substance of this particular appeal, however, Wilkinson's argument is transparently hypocritical.
1.23.2009 3:09pm
Anderson (mail):
Pardon me if I'm not worked up about this.

Me either. I am happier when extremists show their colors, instead of cloaking them.

Perhaps that is why Judge Wilkinson was never tapped for the high Court -- not stealthy enough.
1.23.2009 3:12pm
tvk:
I'm not so sure about this one. Lets start with the fact that Judge Wilkinson (unlike Justice Ginsburg) has a First Amendment right to air his political views in a private capacity. Should judges refrain from airing their views just because they sometimes wear a robe. In limited circumstances this is appropriate (e.g. comments about a pending case); but it doesn't strike me as one here.

More importantly, what is the two-way street? The President and Legislators can certainly provide their views on how judges should rule--legislators write amicus briefs all the time, and the President has the Solicitor General to advocate for him. What we do not want them to do is coerce judges into ruling a particular way. Here, Judge Wilkinson might be viewed as making an implied threat ("if you nominate someone I don't like, I'll make sure the Fourth Circuit becomes a sibling of the Sixth"); but that is a rather uncharitable view. It would seem that Judge Wilkinson neither intends, nor possesses any, coercive power.

It is in this direct opposite to Orin's concern that grates me about this piece. First, it is likely to be entirely ineffectual because Judge Wilkinson has no coercive power, and his ability to persuade is undermined by his johnny-come-lately appearance (as I faulted OK for this once, too). Second, to the extent that it is seen as an attempt to coerce, it will then run the risk of backfiring. If you agree with Judge Wilkinson, you should probably wish that he didn't write the piece.
1.23.2009 3:26pm
byomtov (mail):
I pray that coming appointments to our court will not cause the doors of communication and compromise to slam shut.

One good way to reduce the chance of doors slamming shut is not to slam them yourself. Keeping communications open is the responsibility of all parties. Wilkinson doesn't seem to recognize his own obligations in the matter.
1.23.2009 3:29pm
Dave N (mail):
Commontheme wrote:
Shorter Wilkinson: if you don't appoint people who think like I do, I won't talk to them.
However, that is not what Judge Wilkerson said and the snark is rather disingenuous.

By my count, the 4th Circuit is evenly divided right now: 6 Republican appointees and 5 Democratic appointees (counting Judge Gregory, originally nominated by President Clinton but reappointed by President Bush, as a Democratic appointee).

I suspect what Judge Wilkinson is really saying is this: "We are all collegial now, meaning we agree to disagree at times but we treat each other with respect. We hope whoever you choose will be just as collegial."

Collegiality and willingness to work with others is neither conservative nor liberal. Rather, it has much to do with temperment, judicial and otherwise.
1.23.2009 3:37pm
Rock Chocklett:
To the extent a Wilkinson op-ed will have any effect on Obama's judicial nominations, it would have been better for him to call for the renomination of Peter Keisler to the D.C. Circuit.
1.23.2009 3:44pm
Gramarye:
Dave N: I don't think that's the fairest reading of Judge Wilkinson's editorial. He's pretty clearly asking not to be saddled with people too ideologically different from himself. He establishes early that the event he wants to avoid is an "ideological makeover" of the Fourth Circuit.
1.23.2009 3:52pm
Just an Observer:
If, as seems likely, the center of gravity of the Fourth Circuit does shift, what will become the government's new favorite venue?
1.23.2009 3:52pm
Bob from Ohio (mail):
No one dislikes O more than me but he got elected and can appoint whomever he wants.

Wilkinson has nothing to worry about anyways. As we've seen with his WH Counsel/Justice appointees, all most of O's judges will be Ivy college, Ivy law, judicial clerk, big law. Some will be Ivy college, Ivy law, judicial clerk, law professor. The rest will be Ivy college, University of Virginia or similar law [Sanford, Berekely, NYU], clerk, big law and/or law professor.

No boat rockers, just more of the elite. Wilkinson can be collegial with them all he wants.
1.23.2009 4:11pm
Duffy Pratt (mail):
I agree with Prof. Kerr on this one. It's difficult for a judge to speak in public in only his private capacity. It's even more difficult when the speech is an op-ed piece. And its probably impossible when he's speaking in the op-ed about who should be selected as future judges.

Judicial selection is part of the political process, not the judicial process. He may have a constitutional right to express these views. He might also very well have a constitutional right to parade around on the campaign trail with the presidential candidate of his choice. But I'm pretty sure that that would ruffle a few feathers. And this should too.
1.23.2009 4:29pm
Crunchy Frog:
JaO:

If, as seems likely, the center of gravity of the Fourth Circuit does shift, what will become the government's new favorite venue?

The Ninth, of course.
1.23.2009 4:53pm
Richard Ragsdale (mail):
Why should Obama's appointments cause "the doors of communication and compromise to slam shut?" How preposterous and insulting for Judge Wilkerson to imply that President Obama would appoint judges who would behave in such a way. And by the way, why is "compromise" a judicial trait we should be looking for? I would think judges should call them as they see the law and facts require. As good as Judge Wilkerson may be, this smacks of right wing hackery. The good judge should buzz off and spare the new president this gratuitous and insulting advice.
1.23.2009 5:52pm
frankcross (mail):
I don't see anything intrinsically wrong about this, but it seems terribly tacky. A federal judge announcing to the President: You haven't appointed any judges yet, so I have nothing to go on here, but I don't really trust you, so I worry.

The speech, though protected, was obviously ineffectual. Obama isn't going to say: "Well, I wanted to polarize the 4th Circuit, but since Justice Wilkinson advised against it . . ." And it was pointlessly untrusting.
1.23.2009 5:53pm
Arkady:

Lets start with the fact that Judge Wilkinson (unlike Justice Ginsburg) has a First Amendment right to air his political views in a private capacity.


I must have missed that part of the First Amendment that excludes sitting Justices of the Supreme Court from its protections. (This has nothing to do with the seemliness of a sitting Justice airing his or her political views in a private capacity. However, unseemliness does not equate to illicit.)
1.23.2009 6:32pm
anomdebus (mail):
Because of this post I read some on the recent history of the 4th Circuit. There seems to be a lot of drama involved with the nominations (e.g. there were 4 pending from Bush), but I have no idea if this is normal or not. If it is not normal, might this suggest why he might want to get things calmed down? And if there were channels he could speak with the Bush administration, might that explain why he didn't feel a need to write op/eds on the same subject? (nb: I don't think the latter "clears" him as it is still differential behavior, and unless there are contacts we don't know about, it appears as if this comes up before giving Obama relations a chance)

It might be interesting to see nomination success percentages per circuit. I searched without success. Does anyone know of a source? Thanks.
1.23.2009 7:02pm
My Middle Name Is Ralph:
Wilkinson shows himself to be a partisan hack. A judge has no business telling the President what type of ideology his judicial nominees should possess. This can only hurt the credibility of the judiciary as politically impartial and thus, if Wilkinson had any sense, he should have avoided beclowning himself.
1.23.2009 7:09pm
Just an Observer:
Crunchy Frog,

My guess is that once the new administration settles on the parameters of where its legal theories differ from its predecessor's, and the residual mess of the Gonzales era is finally cleaned up, at the career level DOJ will remain DOJ. And DOJ prosecutors will still play for keeps, seeking to win their cases. Federal prosecutors under the Carter and Clinton administrations, for example, often favored the Eastern District of Virginia in the Fourth Circuit for national security cases -- just like federal prosecutors under Republican administrations.
1.23.2009 7:11pm
Harry Eagar (mail):
I wonder if Wilkinson ever learned to type. He was the only person I ever knew in the newspaper business who didn't know how.

I never thought of him as unideological when we worked for the same employer.
1.23.2009 7:14pm
RPT (mail):
Next, he will ask Holder to promise not to prosecute any Republicans in exchange for a favorable word on his nomination, a la Cornyn and Specter.
1.23.2009 7:31pm
Bama 1L:
I think Judge Wilkinson is being stupid, but that's not resolvable.

What I still don't quite understand is Professor Kerr's objection to judges telling legislators what laws to pass. Maybe I'm just not capable of getting it.

But does Professor Kerr think there's a close parallel between judges telling the political branches what laws to pass and what judges to select? It seems to me that judges' expertise can help the legislative process but has very place in the selection of new judges.
1.23.2009 8:18pm
CDR D (mail):
...the credibility of the judiciary as politically impartial...


HAW HAW HAW HAW HAW!!!!!!!!!

You funny!
1.23.2009 8:40pm
tvk:
Arkady,

My phrasing was not the best, but a little context is in order. Orin previously blogged about Justice Ginsburg encouraging Congress to pass legislating in her judicial opinions. Justice Ginsburg's (and Judge Wilkerson's) right to engage in political advocacy in judicial opinions is a whole different ball of wax than their ability to engage in political advocacy elsewhere.
1.23.2009 9:38pm
Justin (mail):
Regardless of the political appointer's party, the 4th Circuit is one of the more conservative circuits in the Country. Unless the same person wants to admit that with 7 GOP nominees, the Supreme Court is extremely conservative....
1.23.2009 10:04pm
theobromophile (www):
Looking at it another way: Obama said, a mere three days ago:
On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.

On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.


The Hon. Judge Wilkerson is merely giving Obama a heads-up on how to prevent "conflict and discord" in the Fourth Circuit, and how to stop using the judicial nomination process to strangle politics.

:)
1.24.2009 2:03am
PlugInMonster:
Of course what we do need as a nation are more ultra left wingers on the courts...
1.24.2009 3:21am
Brett Bellmore:
We could get worse than ultra left wingers; I still recall the way a pack of Clinton appointees in the DC circuit were gaming the assignment system to make sure they heard all Clinton related matters. Even went so far as holding monthly meetings from which all judges nominated by anybody else were barred.

That sort of corruption is much worse than any ideological disagreement, IMO. It's a given conservatives won't like the legal views of Obama nominees, but there's still space to hope they won't be outright corrupt.
1.24.2009 7:23am
Not Jay Wilkinson:
I think Dave N. is correct. I read the op-ed mostly as a plea not to be turned into the Sixth Circuit. in other words, "By all means, Mr. President, appoint whom you will in terms of ideology, but please let them be civil."
1.24.2009 9:03am
Michael Masinter (mail):
The incivility that prevails on the Sixth Circuit originated with the rise to power of post 2000 appointees; they confused their coherent ideology with the judicial equivalent of revealed truth, and accordingly too often characterized the views of their dissenting colleagues as either dishonest or heretical.

Other courts with equally conservative majorities have retained a collegial atmosphere (as once did courts with liberal majorities) by remembering that reasonable colleagues can in good faith come to differing answers to the questions they adjudicate. If Obama appoints judges from the center left to the fourth circuit with a modest measure of humility, there is no reason to think the fourth circuit will collapse into sniping. Justices Brennan and Scalia are the model here; they remained collegial and friendly throughout their years together on the Court; Justice Brennan never slipped into bitterness as his role shifted from leader of a majority to a voice in dissent. There is no reason why Judge Wilkinson should either.

The model can be found by the Conspiracy and Balkinization with their respective comment threads. The principal bloggers frequently disagree, but in their disagreements, never fail to treat each other with respect. The comment threads strike a different tone; unfortunately, the sixth circuit has come to resemble the comment threads.
1.24.2009 11:45am
Recovering Law Grad:
Judge Wilkinson's op-ed was truly among the most pathetic things I have ever read. It sounded like the certain-to-go-unheeded cries of a peasant in czarist Russia being dragged to the chopping block.

Like most conservatives, Wilkinson either (a) cannot accept that the results of the latest election actually happened or (b), a la Fixed News, would like to instill the belief that, despite the resounding rejection of his ideology, everyone still agrees with him and that Obama better act accordingly.
1.24.2009 11:55am
Michael Drake (mail) (www):
Yes, if there's one thing we've noticed in Obama's M.O., it's his propensity for finding appointments who "cause the doors of communication and compromise to slam shut."

If we could only go back to the salad days of Bush's diplomacy...
1.24.2009 12:31pm
zippypinhead:
The model can be found by the Conspiracy and Balkinization with their respective comment threads. The principal bloggers frequently disagree, but in their disagreements, never fail to treat each other with respect. The comment threads strike a different tone; unfortunately, the sixth circuit has come to resemble the comment threads.
RLG wins the thread, not because he/she/it was amusing, but because he/she/it was dead-on correct.

I'm having a hard time getting too worked up by Judge Wilkinson's op-ed piece, although such a piece by a sitting Court of Appeals Judge is rather unusual, and arguably somewhat imprudent. Last time I checked, the First Amendment also applied to old, conservative, Southern guys in black robes, too. Besides, he may not have that much to worry about -- unless Obama intends to disregard Senatorial courtesy traditions, I have a hard time envisioning any traditional "Virginia" seat bomb-thrower nominees getting past senior Democratic Senator Jim Webb (ditto for junior VA Senator Mark Warner and NC Senator Kay Hagan, both of whom are established moderate Dems, for that matter). Then again, maybe Judge W. is worried about prospective appointments from the People's Republic of Maryland?

Unfortunately, it's probably too much to ask that Sixth Circuit judges (and the Trolls who infest VC comment threads) actually heed Obama's inauguration speech riff on the Bible that it's time to "put away childish things," eh?
1.24.2009 12:32pm
zippypinhead:
Oops, I made a pinhead mistake above: Michael Masinter wins the thread with his civility comment, not RLG.
1.24.2009 12:43pm
Randy R. (mail):
Dave N: "By my count, the 4th Circuit is evenly divided right now: 6 Republican appointees and 5 Democratic appointees."

Only if you have W doing the math. Last time I checked, 5 is less than 6.

of course judges have the right of free speech. so do legislators. So I'm sure Wilkinson won't be upset when a congressman writes on op-ed on how a he should rule on a pending case, complete with a threat if the decision doesn't come out the way it likes, all sorts of bad things will happen.
1.24.2009 12:44pm
Al Maviva:
The Dems captured the two elected branches, so they get to make appointments who will chuck the constitution in favor of imposing equity as a "constitutional" value, and implementing the "new Bill of Rights" and the "new Declaration of Independence" that He Who May Not Be Questioned (by Media Members or Plumbers) spoke of in the campaign.

I think the well-reasoned Democratic response to this well-reasoned plea, will be as one of our WWE gladiators put it so concisely, "Suck it!" It's clear to me that no matter how seriously we mere practitioners take the law, whenever a big question hits the courts, it's going to be decided based on judicial policy preferences. The last president had a chance to address that issue, and at least five of the justices on the court (four conservative, one liberal) lean towards that approach, but the ex Pres walked away from the bully pulpit, in fact kicked it over, when he assured us that Harriet Meiers would rule the way we'd like in any abortion cases. When the people who claim to be in favor of the rule of law are just as in favor of pure will-to-power Nietszcheanism governing the courts, then the battle is lost, at least for this generation. Congress, for its part, seems to like having the courts decide the tough policy questions, which leaves Congress free to shovel out bushel baskets of Other People's Money, so I wouldn't waste my time asking them for assistance in keeping the courts from robbing them of their power.

The good judge ought to stick to talking about how Scalia and Thomas are no conservatives. At least the people who read and cite those op-eds and articles will pretend to take what he says seriously, and in the absence of being taken seriously, it'd be the next best thing him; he'd be able to retire almost universally respected. As it is he's only making people sympathetic to him laugh at him as hard as the people who hate him are laughing at him. For people who practice politics constantly, these judges have a damn poor grasp on the subject.

And I, for one, welcome my new judicial overlords.
1.24.2009 2:39pm
Fran (mail) (www):
"Storming the 4th Circuit" by; (no indication of bias)
Harvie (I'm a non-ideological pussycat) Wilkinson
He says:
...."With the new numbers in the Senate, the temptation is there to go for an ideological makeover."....

Sounds like an ideological guilty conscience to me.

Say no more.
1.24.2009 5:01pm
Dissenting Justice (mail) (www):
I find this laughable, given the number of ideologues already sitting on that court!
1.25.2009 10:22am
ReaderY:
Judge Wilkinson can do it, whether I like it or not. But is it good for the judiciary?
1.25.2009 11:50am
einhverfr (mail) (www):
I am going to disagree with Prof. Kerr here. Having read the op ed piece, I thought Wilkinson's points were fair, cautious, and collegial. I saw his article as a simple reminder of the role of the judiciary rather than an appeal to the elected branches to appoint more people like him.

I read his piece as saying "Look. What matters about a good judge is how intelligent and wise he/she is. Being ideologically closed-minded is counter-productive and such justices will harm our nation if confirmed. We hope whoever you appoint will work with others and consider issues rather than embark on an ideological crusade."

I didn't see the piece as being more than a reminder to politicians of the role of the judiciary. I thought it was very diplomatic, and I did not think that it stepped on the toes of the elected branches.
1.26.2009 12:02pm
einhverfr (mail) (www):
s/justices/judges/g
1.26.2009 12:02pm

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