"Ooooga Bugga! Drugs!!!!":

A federal district court has just upheld another religious exemption claim for the use of hoasca, this one in Church of the Holy Light of the Queen v. Mukasey. The case naturally relies heavily on the Supreme Court's Gonzales v. O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal (2006) decision, but has some interesting factual discussion specific to this particular case, and the government's reasons for the challenge.

My UCLA School of Public Affairs colleague Mark Kleiman (Reality-Based Community) — a leading drug policy scholar — was an expert witness for the claimants in the O Centro case. His post on this case provides the quote that I use in the title of my post.

Mahan Atma (mail):
Dear Government,

What part of 9-0 don't you understand?
3.19.2009 9:54am
Sasha Volokh (mail) (www):
Small nitpick: The O Centro case was 8-0.
3.19.2009 10:02am
Arkady:

Dear Government,

What part of 9-0 don't you understand?

Small nitpick: The O Centro case was 8-0.


Does DMT give you the munchies like THC?
3.19.2009 10:57am
ArthurKirkland:
When dope is legalized, a number of dopes will need another focus for their petty moralizing. They will find it, no doubt, even if they must resume their crusade against beer.

On the other hand, I have never understood why a claim of religious belief entitles anyone to engage in conduct others are not entitled to engage it. That is not to say religious claims should be disregarded -- but if one person can drink sacramental wine during Prohibition, or wear religious headware in school, or the like, I see no reason to deny that right to another. Anyone can claim a religious belief at any time; and there is no way to prove or disprove the claim (at least not rationally, for reason has nothing to do with it); and an asserted belief in the supernatural should provide no special rights, other than the right to believe in the supernatural and, within reason, the right to practice the claimed religion.

In other words, hoasca for everyone!
3.19.2009 11:23am
Oren:
"I have never understood why a claim of religious belief entitles anyone to engage in conduct others are not entitled to engage it."

because congress chose to exempt it frrom the laws the wrote.
3.19.2009 11:41am
Hank:
"I have never understood why a claim of religious belief entitles anyone to engage in conduct others are not entitled to engage in."

because congress chose to exempt it from the laws it wrote.


The other side of the coin is why religious believers but not others should get exemptions from laws. The legal answer, of course, is that the First Amendment protects religious belief but not other kinds of belief. But, putting the law aside, the differing treatment is not right. During the Vietnam war, a person who blindly opposed all wars was entitled to conscientious objector status, but a person who thoughtfully opposed the Vietnam war was not.
3.19.2009 12:13pm
PatHMV (mail) (www):
All part of the compromises we make in order to live together in relative peace and harmony.
3.19.2009 12:17pm
Oren:
Hank, this seems quite natural for a country founded by individuals seeking a place where they would not be compelled to violate their religious precepts by the government.
3.19.2009 1:19pm
anomdebus (mail):
The fact that they protect religious observance does not bother me. What does bother me is that they act as gatekeeper and decide what religions they protect and ones they don't. No matter how sincere I am about my personal faith (which I am pretty much alone in), they won't protect my expression just to guard against less sincere people.

Another way to look at it is: if religious belief is enough to allow an exemption, how essential can the law be?
3.19.2009 2:01pm
pintler:

Hank, this seems quite natural for a country founded by individuals seeking a place where they would not be compelled to violate their religious precepts by the government.


Sure, but it puts the government in the awkward place of deciding which religions are legitimate. Take the decision in this case and change the name of the religion to 'Rastafarianism' and it doesn't look all that different. It seems obvious to say Catholics are sincere, and Pastafarians or the followers of the Invisible Pink Unicorn are yukking it up, but in between those there is a lot of gray area.
3.19.2009 2:13pm
JoeSixpack (mail):
So if my religious precept is that all infidels should be killed or thrown in jail and all girls should be given clitorectomies the government should not be compelling me to violate these precepts? Obviously there are all kinds of limits on the things people can do in the name of religion. I don't see the logic in excluding drugs from this if society has determined that drug use is harmful and is subject to a general prohibition.
3.19.2009 2:48pm
Eugene Volokh (www):
JoeSixpack: Responded to you here.
3.19.2009 5:44pm
ArthurKirkland:
To validate a claim of religious belief, the government would be required to determine first whether a belief system constitutes a religion, and then to assess the legitimacy of an individual's claim to religious belief.

The problems associated with the first point are enormous; how to distinguish "legitimate" or "real" religions from others (particularly when nearly all religious arguments rely in part on the supernatural and consequently are naturally impervious to reason)? Every religion started with a few people sharing a system of belief most of their contemporaries would not share and most of the unconverted would find peculiar or worse. Today's handful of people with strange ideas -- likely to be ridiculed by fellow citizens or dismissed by a judge or at odds with current law -- are a past century's Mormons or Scientologists, an earlier century's Quakers or Shakers, or a past millennium's Muslims or Christians or Jews.

The problems associate with the first point are similarly severe? Who is a believer? What about a guy who never attends church but is on the membership roster and periodically sends a check? What if he regularly lands the church's construction work? What if someone plainly and daily flouts the religion's teachings but attends services? What about a woman who never attends, never contributes, but claims that she studies and prays privately? The prickly points in this thicket seem endless.

I have not thought or studied this problem through to reliable conclusion, but I find it hard to justify allowing one person to wear a yarmulke while denying another that privilege, or allowing one inmate a meatless Friday menu while refusing another person that privilege, or enabling one person to drink a particular tea while banning its use by others. I also do not believe it appropriate to distinguish heartfelt points of conscience on the basis of whether one claimant can point to elaborate robes or similar trappings. Perhaps this point will be illustrated more vividly when gays, marijuana advocates, antiwar groups and others recognize and claim the legal and tax benefits associated with an assertion that their beliefs constitute a religion.

Does anyone know how the "use" of "sacramental wine" during Prohibition -- which, I have been told by reliable sources, was a booming business for vintners and certain churches -- was handled from a legal perspective?
3.19.2009 6:38pm
Bill McGonigle (www):
Some States recognize the Right of Conscience (New Hampshire at least) in their Constitutions, in addition to the religious freedoms.

Does anybody know if Rastafarians are growing their own ganga since Guam v. Guerrero?

The IRS has granted the Church of Reality tax-exempt status. They recognize religious rights to, e.g., experimental drug treatments. Have we stooped so low as to delegating our recognition of religions to the tax collectors?
3.19.2009 9:14pm
Don Meaker (mail):
Congress once upon a time recognized their authority as being that beneath that of the Divine. They even rewrote the socialist "Pledge of Alliegence" to add "Under G-d".

Of course that antique belief has since become superceded, but the quality of the person elected to Congress has not visibly improved.

Larry "Toetap" Craig, William "Coldcash" Jefferson, Chris "Copirate" Dodd, Nancy "Tuna" Pelosi, call your office.
3.19.2009 9:48pm
scosm:
The general term for the psychedelic brew is ayahuasca. From what I understand from reading the Oregon decision, hoasca is the UDV's name, but Santo Daime, the other main Brazilian church, calls it ayahuasca. Outside of those two churches ayahuasca is standard. Ayahuasca is probably the better way to refer to it - hoasca makes sense only when you are taking about that one church.

For the person who asked about the munchies, ayahuasca actually causes you to vomit and have diarrhea so that is quite the opposite of cannabis. Smoked DMT is said to be one of the most intense psychedelic experiences, with complete open-eye hallucinations.
3.20.2009 12:00am
LoopFiasco:

Terence McKenna or Alex Gray + Youtube

Be sure to listen to the Joe Rogan one in the sidebar to the right.

DMT is made in all of our bodies every day.

You are all carrying a schedule 1 controlled substance in your heads right now. How does it feel to be a criminal?

Dr Rick Strassman's book DMT: The Spirit Molecule is probably the best source for more info. Admittedly biased in favor of DMT- but still very informative.
3.20.2009 3:54am

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