Jefferson and Music:

If you are a music lover and particularly, like me, a lover of the music of the 18th century, then you will be fascinated by Barrymore Laurence Scherer's (July 2, 2009) essay in the Wall Street Journal on Thomas Jefferson's musical tastes.

I was not aware that Jefferson was an avid violinist, for example - so much so that he had 'a "kit" — a slender dance-master's pocket fiddle — and had a case for it fashioned for his saddle so he could play and practice while traveling'. Although by political inclination I am more of a 'Franklin man' as among the Founders, I am also a (horrendously bad) amateur cellist with a strong preference for the music of Jefferson's century, and this endears me to Jefferson more than almost any other fact about him. Jefferson's 'kit', for example, reminds me of my Yamaha electric practice cello, which packs down into a compact carrying case that, until 9/11, I often used to carry onto airplanes, until a security person pointed out that the packed cello looked for all the world like a shotgun case.

I was intrigued with what Scherer says were Jefferson's tastes - Corelli, to start with. Well! Well, well! I am a huge fan of the Corelli violin sonatas, and have spent years practicing cello transcriptions of several of them. I own four versions of them on CD; of those, my favorite violinist is Andrew Manze, but the John Holloway version features, on half of them, the rapturous basso continuo of Baroque cellist David Watkin, improvising whole chordal structures. I also have a great fondness for the gamba version of them by Balestracci, using a transcription for gamba that dates back to just a few years after they were composed. Although in the end, Bach is Supreme, alpha and omega, etc., the Corelli sonatas are a form of sweetness that makes one understand why they have never been out of print in hundreds of years.

If you don't follow Baroque music, this post will have to seem pretty opaque - baroque, even - but I came away from reading Scherer's article ready to give Mr. Jefferson a call to suggest we run through a few sonatas together.

David Hecht (mail):
"I was not aware that Jefferson was an avid violinist..."

I can only conclude that you never saw the wonderful musical (later adapted into a nearly-as-wonderful movie) 1776! :-)
7.4.2009 3:54pm
Hadur:
When I was a kid, I read some book about haunted buildings, and it said that Jefferson's ghost is alleged to fiddle in the White House from time to time.

I read somewhere that Andrew Jackson also fiddled, but I have never verified it. I think it was in one of those trivia books about Presidents that I read as a kid. I think they just meant to say Jefferson but somebody accidentally filed it under Jackson.
7.4.2009 4:07pm
Cornellian (mail):
I can't imagine any presidential candidate today admitting to a fondness for playing the violin.
7.4.2009 4:34pm
Loren:
I can only conclude that you never saw the wonderful musical (later adapted into a nearly-as-wonderful movie) 1776! :-)


Beat me to it. At least I can still link to the song:

He Plays the Violin
7.4.2009 4:40pm
Kenneth Anderson:
I'm afraid my knowledge of US history is fairly deficient. I attended a radical public high school in California in the 1970s, where instead of a US history course, I took the course in World Revolution. I could tell you everything you wanted to know about the Russian revolution, the Chinese revolution, and Vietnam, at least as measured on 1970s era metrics, but very little about, say, the Civil War. I've tried to remedy that since, but there are still gaps.
7.4.2009 4:50pm
Fub:
I'm mildly surprised that Jefferson left no mention of immigrant-American Benjamin Carr, (1760-1831). Carr was born 23 years after Hopkinson, and so was the next generation of composers. But by the 1790s Carr was an American and was well known to Americans. Carr was the first composer to publish Yankee Doodle, and several other American airs, in his Federal Overture, performed in Philadelphia in 1794. He also can be said to have composed and staged the first American opera (at least a work much more an opera than Hopkinson's oratorio), The Archers, or The Mountaineers of Switzerland, in 1795.

I'll conjecture that Jefferson became acquainted with Hopkinson's work when young, and by the time Carr was gaining some notice in Philadelphia, Jefferson's attention (musical and otherwise) was elsewhere. But Carr did compose and publish a work that indirectly honored Jefferson during his presidency, The Siege of Tripoli (1804). Siege was a parlor work in the tradition of "Battle" works which had become popular even by the late 19th century. Its finale (and by far best selection) is a nice little rondo on Yankee Doodle.
7.4.2009 4:59pm
Kirk:
until 9/11, I often used to carry onto airplanes, until a security person pointed out that the packed cello looked for all the world like a shotgun case.
Huh? Oh, right, since 9/11 and the institution of TSA, our security people have gotten so much immensely stupider that they no longer have the ability to look inside carryon baggage to see if it's a musical instrument instead of a firearm.
7.4.2009 5:18pm
Kenneth Anderson:
Well, I could understand their concern that things like the cello end pin, or even the strings and stuff could be used as a weapon, really quite easily. I understood their concerns.
7.4.2009 5:31pm
Kirk:
Kenneth,

Now you raise a different issue, which may be partly valid, though stuff like "strings could be used for a weapon" is pretty lame--it might well be easier and shorter to list the things that couldn't be used as improvised weapons. However, your initial comment mentioned only that it "looked like a shotgun case" and that's what I was responding to.
7.4.2009 5:53pm
Allen T Garvin:

Cornellian writes: I can't imagine any presidential candidate today admitting to a fondness for playing the violin.


Yes, I would imagine if one were elected, we would have four years of endless 'fiddles while X burns' commentary from the opposition party.

However, did you know the current 3rd in line for presidential succession (Sen. Byrd) recorded an album of fiddle music for County Sales in the 70s?

And, the father of presidential candidate Al Gore, namely Al Gore senior, was a life-time fiddler. The library of Congress has a recording of him playing Soldier's Joy in 1938:

http://memory.loc.gov/afc/afccc/soldiersjoy/gore.mp3
7.4.2009 7:34pm
Duffy Pratt (mail):
In Jefferson's time, Bach was not particularly well known. It would not surprise me at all if Jefferson was completely unaware of Bach. And even if he did know who Bach was, it would astonish me if he had had access to any of Bach's violin music.
7.5.2009 1:32am
Fub:
Cornellian wrote at 7.4.2009 4:34pm:
I can't imagine any presidential candidate today admitting to a fondness for playing the violin
Presidential band:

Thomas Jefferson: violin, or 'cello or clavichord
Woodrow Wilson: violin
Richard Nixon: piano
Harry Truman: piano
Bill Clinton: tenor sax
John Quincy Adams: flute
Chester Arthur: banjo
7.5.2009 2:33am
Timothy Sandefur (mail) (www):
There are many excellent CDs of music associated with Jefferson, including Music in the Age of Jefferson, recorded in the dome room at UVA. But I'd recommend getting a copy of the soundtrack to Jefferson in Paris, which contains the theme and variations by Corelli, more than one copy of which Jefferson is known to have had, along with a piece written by Maria Cosway, and an aria from an opera, the words of which Jefferson sent to Maria, enclosed in the famous "Head and the Heart" letter.

Also worthwhile is this CD of flue music played on a glass flute that belonged to James Madison, and recorded at Montpelier.
7.5.2009 3:06am
Mikeyes (mail):
While the article barely mentions it, he collected fiddle tunes, a fact known to a lot of Old Time musicians. I suspect that he was a fairly good fiddler, too.
7.5.2009 10:31pm
Nathan Betz (mail) (www):
Re: presidential band.

I think you're probably referring to the harpsichord, which was a good deal louder than the clavichord (clavichords are so hard to hear they really don't work in ensemble).

In any event, Mr. Jefferson, after being thrown from a horse and severely damaging his wrist in the fall, complained that he had learned the violin and NOT the harpsichord, as the injury made it very difficult to hold the violin properly. He did urge his daughters to learn the harpsichord, however, and in his daily schedule for them blocked out 2-3 hr sessions for their daily practice.

Jefferson was also known to have musical confabs with the musical Royal Governor of Virginia, Gov. Francis Faquier, (and, if memory serves, Jeffertson's law tutor, George Wythe) while studying in Williamsburg in the 1760s.

More info from Colonial Williamsburg: http://bit.ly/NF9Kj

BTW, looks like Franklin wrote a hideous parody string quartet—apparently to be played on open strings alone! (http://bit.ly/Hv7py)(click on link for recording and commentary from NPR's performance today as well as more about Franklin's musical exploits)
7.6.2009 12:10pm
Randy R. (mail):
Duffy: "n Jefferson's time, Bach was not particularly well known."

It depends. Among serious musicians, Bach never went out of style. Mozart, Beethovan, Chopin and Mendelsohn certainly revered Bach, studied his music, insisted students learn his Well Tempered Clavier and attempted revivals of his music from time to time.

The highly educated public would no doubt been aware of Bach. The unwashed masses less so, but then that's always been the case, even today.

Jefferson traveled in pretty high circles in Paris, and if he were in the right crowd that was serious about music, he certainly would have been at least aware of Bach's importance. The question is whether he was that serious about it. I just don't know.
7.7.2009 11:35pm

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